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Mutual interaction of multiple cracks growing in the particulate composite with brittle matrix under conditions of sub-critical crack growth
Slávik, Ondrej ; Ševeček, Oldřich (referee) ; Majer, Zdeněk (advisor)
In the first part of the submitted diploma thesis, the knowledge in the sphere of the fracture mechanics, related to the practice part of this thesis are summarized. In that the 2D parametrical numerical model of the particle composite with multiple cracks was created, using the finite elements method. Thanks to this model it is possible to find specific configurations which are showing the existance of multiple mutual interactions between these cracks, just by simple manipulation of the input data. In the calculations the influence of the residual stresses was considered which are formed during production of the material. The effect of the subcritical crack growth was taken into account as well in this thesis.
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Interaction Between Hyaluronan and Amphiphilic Molecules
Venerová, Tereza ; Burget, Ladislav (referee) ; Čeppan, Michal (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This work is focused on interaction between hyaluronan (Hya) and amphiphilic molecules. Using fluorescent probes method were carried out screening of the interaction of various surfactants with Hya. For further examination was chosen cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Interactions in this system have also been studied using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), and additionally were performed initial tests of the cytotoxicity of the system. As an alternative CTAB were also used hydrophobically modified amino acids. Results showed their self-aggregation, but their interactions with hylauronanem was not as strong as with CTAB. The interaction of gel systems Hya-CTAB have also been studied, and was found to contain a hydrophobic domain capable solubilize hydrophobic substance. Thermogravimetric have been established that are able to contain up to 98% wt. water and rheologically were characterized their mechanical properties. These are tunable due to molecular weight (MW) of the hyaluronate. With increasing value of MW increases mechanical strength of the gel and decreases its fluidity.
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Dialysis study of hyaluronan-surfactant interactions
Šejnohová, Michaela ; Venerová, Tereza (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis is concentrated on the interactions between polyelectrolyte (hyaluronan) and cationic surfactant (CTAB). The experiments were performed in an aqueous solution and in an environment of physiological ionic strength (0,15mmoldm-3 NaCl). The determination of the surfactant concentration in solutions was based on the formation of colored complexes of CTAB and picric acid in chloroform. The concentrations of surfactant were measured by UV-VIS spectroscopy. The stability of CTAB+HyA was examined by a dialysis method. The results showed that, regardless of the environment, the presence of HyA in solution reduces the number of free molecules of CTAB which can be determined in the sample. It has been proved that there is an interaction between HyA and surfactant and that CTAB has greater affinity for HyA then for the picric acid. The stability of CTAB+HyA was determined by dialysis of 120 hours. After that time, the concentrations of the retentate and permeate were settled. The results showed that in the membrane remains a certain amount of CTAB bounded to hyaluronan. The system can be suitable for the preparation of targeted carriers of biologically active substances.
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Verification of interaction between the foundation plate and the pile
Kozáková, Marcela ; Hrubešová,, Eva (referee) ; Turček,, Peter (referee) ; Horák, Vladislav (advisor)
The doctoral thesis deal with the interaction between the foundation plate and deep foundation in the form of bored piles in the case of skeleton construction. The issue of tension redistribution from the column between the plate and the pile is investigated on specific object – „Shopping and entertainment center Fórum Nová Karolina”. On this object were selected columns monitored and load tests of the piles was executed. Values of the axial loading of the piles and the actual deformation of the construction have been derived from measurements and tests. They were compared with the results of structural behavior by numerical modeling.
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Modern conception of virtual class system
Outěřický, Pavel ; Průša, Zdeněk (referee) ; Pfeifer, Václav (advisor)
This thesis is focused on problems of an interactive distant education with usage of virtual classroom as a software communication tool. The short analysis of types of human communication and education is followed by a description of virtual classroom systems in a very basic point of view like what the virtual classroom is and what its usage is and what advantages these systems have. Furthermore, potentialities and supported tools and functions of today’s commercial and also non-commercial products are described including illustrative examples and focus to potential types of network communication implementation. Next section of the thesis presents possibilities of virtual classroom software development as completely web-based application or as desktop application where usage of different programming languages is considered. After that, videoconference as a often used tool in virtual classroom is described and its demands on the ways and types of realization and implementation are stated. The second part of this thesis creates about three quarters of whole document and is dedicated to description of my own realization of virtual classroom system as a built-in-java desktop application communicating across a built-in-java server desktop application. The first section of this part introduces a basic design and concept of the system including its implemented tools for the distant education. The following chapters describe in details each implemented tool and function from the potential user point of view and also developer point of view.
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Planar and Chip Antennas on Printed Circuit Boards
Novák, Lukáš ; Láčík, Jaroslav (referee) ; Urbanec, Tomáš (advisor)
This work is focused on the rules for proper deployment of chip and planar antennas on circuit boards due to the spatial and polarization diversity, their interaction and placement of antennas on printed circuit boards, also includes simulation of various deployment of selected chip and planar antennas, last part is focused on realization and measurement of selected case of placement.
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Computational modelling of interaction between oscillating vocal folds and air flow
Pavlica, Ondřej ; Matug, Michal (referee) ; Švancara, Pavel (advisor)
Master thesis deals with creating numerical model of the human vocal folds. Calculation algorithm includes interaction between vocal chords and the air flow. Modal analysis of structural and acoustic environment, backround research of vocal folds function and summary of some published overviews of numerical models are parts of this work. Analysis of the results achieved by the numerical simulations and calculations are focused on the pressure and velocity conditions in the areas under vocal folds, between vocal folds and above vocal folds. Movement and stress analysis of individual layers of vocal folds has been made. Impact of tissue thickness on resulting behaviour has been assessed.
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Hyaluronan hydrogels for medical applications
Janča, David ; Krouská, Jitka (referee) ; Venerová, Tereza (advisor)
This work studies properties of hydrogels prepared by the interaction of polyelectrolyte hyaluronate with cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in a model physiological solution of 0,15 M NaCl. Effects of different pH and final pH of different samples of hydrogels were studied. Furthermore, stability of hydrogels was observed by fluorescence spectroscopy, where pyrene was used as a fluorescence probe, and isothermal microcalorimetry. It was found that low temperature disrupts gel integrity and it is not recommended to expose hydrogels to other than a neutral pH.
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Influence of molecular weight of polymers on phase-separated hydrogels
Kolomá, Nikola ; Smilek, Jiří (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
This work is focused on study of individual systems of hyaluronan mixtures. All mixtures of hyaluronans they were ready at molecular weights of 15-30 kDa, 80-150 kDa, or 1500-1750 kDa. These individual molecular weights were combined in different ratios most often in ratios of 70:30, 50:50 and 30:70. Septonex surfactant was used for all mixed samples and CTAB was used for last experiment too. At first the gel samples were prepared by a dry route of individual powders with accurately calculated batches. All solutions were prepared wet route with stock of exactly calculated concentration. Physical gels were prepared by combinations of Septonex and hyaluronan with the different molecular weights. In solution formed irregular shapes which we could describe as "marbles" or "beads". After the sample was to stand, the individual „marbles“ of the gel were formed whole mass. Was done too many experiments with physical gels, which has been carried out behavior of mixtures hyaluronans with different molecular weights. All physical and chemical properties were observed by the eye, described and in the and were photographed. Was used hydrophil dye in experiments and served for better visualize comparison samples between themselves. The last experiment was rheological measurement with which is possible characterize viscosity od individual samples.
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Study on interaction of humic substances with surface active agents
Bělušová, Anna ; Krouská, Jitka (referee) ; Smilek, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the study of interactions between humic acids (HK), as the main component of soil organic matter, and model pollutants in the form of surfactants through unconventional and original combination of dialysis and diffusion techniques. Since dialysis techniques are rarely used for the interaction of humic substances with surfactants study, it was necessary to optimize methods for determining of ionic surfactants (cationic Septonex and anionic sodium dodecylsulfate were selected as representatives) prior to begining of own experiments, using a method based on the color ion pair creation between a surfactant and a counter-charged dye, followed by this pair extraction into an organic solvent. Diffusion cell dialysis experiments were performed with cationic surfactant Septonex, which was expected to interact positively with humic acids relative to its charge. As humic acids representatives, the standards of these substances provided by the International Society for Humic Substances (IHSS) were selected, namely humic acids (IHSS HK) isolated from Leonardite (1S104H). One of this bachelor thesis aims was to verify the effect of carboxylic functional acids on reactivity and barrier abilities of humic acids. For this reason, these standards have been modified by the selective methylation of carboxyl groups which no longer participate in the interaction with surfactants. Already from the first experiments there was a noticeable decrease in the concentration of Septonex over time – it means its transition through the dialysis membrane to humic acids, which indicates a positive affinity of humic acids to Septonex. The extent of these interactions was assessed through the apparent interactions parameter app through which the assumption that IHSS HK reacted with Septonex more than their methylated form of MIHSS HK was verified.
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