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Lead isotopes and 210 lead in recent galenas of the Lower Silesia basin
Čurda, Michal
This thesis deals with the isotopic composition of lead and 210 lead in recent galena from burning heaps after coal mining in the Lower Silesian basin. The studied sites were heaps in Radvanice, Markoušovice and Rybníček, where samples of galena, coal and burnt rocks were available. For the determination of the isotopic composition was used mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP - MS). Mass 210 Pb activity in galena was measured in a gamma - spectrometer Silar and the effect of radioactivity on galena crystal lattice was determined by the modified Williamson - Hall graph which was made from taken X-ray diffraction data. The values of isotope ratios in galena ranged for 207 Pb/206 Pb = 0,8402 to 0,8435 and for 208 Pb/206 Pb = 2,0663 to 2,0836. The average values of the coal were measured for 207 Pb/206 Pb = 0,8312 and 208 Pb/206 Pb = 2,0421. On the basis of these isotope ratios was found out that during the burning of coal and subsequent galena crystallization from hot gases there is no isotopic fractionation. Mass 210 Pb activity in galena ranged from 135 ± 9 Bq/g to 714 ± 22 Bq/g. Radioactivity of galena causes the developement of micro-deformation in the crystal structure. This micro-deformation is demonstrated by increased micro-strain in the crystal lattice. The level of this...
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Coal and Conflict in Eastern Ukraine
Arthofer, Nicholas Roy ; Plechanovová, Běla (advisor) ; Mazač, Jan (referee)
The goal of this work is to analyze the behavior of actors involved in the ceasefire set by the Minsk II protocols in the Donbas region of Ukraine. The study begins by explaining ceasefires from a theoretical perspective and are proven to be an integral form of state relations. Actors have options in ways to react to ceasefires, and act upon differing impulses when they are presented with a situation set by an existing ceasefire which is in effect. This decision-making process is highly convoluted, but because a ceasefire is often the difference between open conflict and a cessation of violence, it is crucial to understand each possible reaction, so as to give the parties involved the best chance at reducing violence. The Minsk II Protocols, signed on February 12th , 2015, were designed to reduce violence and tensions in the Eastern Donbas region. The legitimacy of the ceasefire was acknowledged, and yet fighting continued after it took effectiveness. This study seeks to show that despite this seemingly incongruent behavior, the decision to violate the ceasefire was rational at the time of the violations themselves. Rationality is described, Sovereignty is defined, and the study attempts to prove that due to the economic situation that could be separatists were confronted with, it was highly...
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Conceptual project of coal source reconstruction
Kocourek, Tomáš ; Baláš, Marek (referee) ; Milčák, Pavel (advisor)
The diploma thesis’s deals with the conceptual design of the coal boiler into biomass boiler conversion. The first part of the thesis describes coal as a fuel, also the reasons why are we quitting from it are mentioned here. The next part of the thesis contains a description of the existing coal boiler and a conceptual design of the new reconstructed boiler. Balance calculations are then performed for both sources. The final part of the thesis deals with the comparison of sources based on performed balance calculations.
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The End of the Coal Era - regeneration of the Karviná region after shutting down the coal mining industry and the future of the locality Karviná-Doly
Šutvajová, Zuzana ; Polák, Jiří (referee) ; Kaftan, Martin (advisor)
The era of mining non-renewable resources in the Karviná region is slowly coming to an end. The coal, which gave the region its specific character and life, is slowly becoming a history. The issue of land recovery after the end of mining has many aspects. In addition to the regeneration of brownfields of mining companies, it also entails ecological revitalization of the area, economic and sociological aspects. Mining has been part of the culture and history of these regions for many years, so we need to be sensitive to this regional industrial identity and find a way to sustainability and ecology in the context of landscape transformation. In the project, students will focus on the area of the St. Peter's Church of Alkantara “leaning church”. The leaning church is one of the last historical footprints left by the original town of Karvinná, which disappeared due to the undermining and subsequent landslides of the land. Today the church together with the Barbora and Gabriela mines defines an area that has lived for many years- mainly due to coal mining, which eventually destroyed it. This unique place, where nature gradually overlaps the traces of mining activity from the past, hides a number of new ecosystems and untapped potential. It the thesis, the research of possible strategies for the restoration of such an area will be made, which results will be applied to specific urban and architectural solutions. The solutions should bring a new drive for an upcoming development and innovation, while preserving the region's industrial history and bringing it to a general public.
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Variation of Pb-isotopic composition in coal basins
Čurda, Michal ; Strnad, Ladislav (advisor) ; Mihaljevič, Martin (referee)
This Bachelor Thesis is devided into three main parts. The first part has a character of a research and describes the presence of lead in coal, in deposits of ore, in peat bogs, or in lake and flood sediments. The second part briefly describes the analythic methods used to determine lead in natural material. The third - practical part is focused on measurement of samples taken from the sokolov brown coal basin. It describes the laboratory method of the preparation of the samples for the analysis of contents and isotope composition of lead using ICP - QMS.
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Coal mining at Radvanice areas and its impact on environment
Knytl, Vladislav ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pešek, Jiří (referee)
Hard coal mining in Czech Republic mining districts has a great influence on the landscape and the environment. It includes for example landscape depressions, unsecured old mine sites, mine water and waste dumps. The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to observe closer these problems at recently abandoned coal mining district in the surroundings of the town Radvanice near Trutnov. The main part of the thesis is about a spontaneous combustion of sterile dumps and their influence on the landscape and the environment. As the model case is used Katerina I dump, which is situated close to Radvanice town.
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Lead isotopes and 210 lead in recent galenas of the Lower Silesia basin
Čurda, Michal ; Goliáš, Viktor (advisor) ; Plášil, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with the isotopic composition of lead and 210 lead in recent galena from burning heaps after coal mining in the Lower Silesian basin. The studied sites were heaps in Radvanice, Markoušovice and Rybníček, where samples of galena, coal and burnt rocks were available. For the determination of the isotopic composition was used mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP - MS). Mass 210 Pb activity in galena was measured in a gamma - spectrometer Silar and the effect of radioactivity on galena crystal lattice was determined by the modified Williamson - Hall graph which was made from taken X-ray diffraction data. The values of isotope ratios in galena ranged for 207 Pb/206 Pb = 0,8402 to 0,8435 and for 208 Pb/206 Pb = 2,0663 to 2,0836. The average values of the coal were measured for 207 Pb/206 Pb = 0,8312 and 208 Pb/206 Pb = 2,0421. On the basis of these isotope ratios was found out that during the burning of coal and subsequent galena crystallization from hot gases there is no isotopic fractionation. Mass 210 Pb activity in galena ranged from 135 ± 9 Bq/g to 714 ± 22 Bq/g. Radioactivity of galena causes the developement of micro-deformation in the crystal structure. This micro-deformation is demonstrated by increased micro-strain in the crystal lattice. The level of this...
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Trace and minor elements in coal and methods of their investigation
Páchová, Helena ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Sýkorová, Ivana (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to provide an overview of the minor and trace elements in coal matter and to characterize their origin, distribution and effect on quality of coal in term of its industrial utilization, including potential environmental impacts. The thesis describes main methods currently used when investigating coal geochemistry and mineralogy. The thesis includes overview of the distribution of these elements in the major coal deposits of the Czech Republic.
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Key factors in soil organic matter accumulation
Vindušková, Olga ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Borůvka, Luboš (referee) ; Šarapatka, Bořivoj (referee)
Soil organic matter (SOM) is highly important for soil quality and the global carbon cycle. SOM content is influenced by a complex interplay of many different factors such as time, climate, parent material, vegetation, and others. The effect of time is often studied using the chronosequence approach using a set of study sites differing in age but comparable in other soil-forming factors. The effect of other factors can be studied by comparing two or more chronosequences. An important assumption of these approaches is that the SOM quantification methods produce comparable results both among sites of each sequence and among different sequences. In this thesis, I explored the key factors in SOM accumulation and dealt with SOM quantification methods. I studied SOM accumulation in two model situations - in post-mining sites after open-cast coal and oil shale mining and in landslides in the Western Carpathians. The results of this thesis are summarized in one book chapter accepted for publication and four papers, out of which three have been published and one is prepared for publication in an international journal with impact factor. The key factor affecting the rate of SOM accumulation after a major disturbance is time. The accumulation rates found in the first 40 to 100 years in both post-mining sites...
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