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Origins of the doctrinal contradiction between the Catholic Church and Jehovah's Witnesses
Zoulová, Tereza ; Marcelli, Miroslav (advisor) ; Ivan, Michal (referee)
The aim of this paper is to describe the contradictions of Christian denominations, not dogmatically doctrinal, but generally doctrinal, in terms of how they arise and how they impact the thinking within the respective groups. Two churches were selected for this comparison, the Catholic Church and Jehovah's Witnesses, as representatives of the denominations with the most notable differences. The initial starting point is the history of the two churches, which highlights the cultural and historical conditions under which the two churches were formed. Further work on two cases of conflict, the concept of the Holy Trinity and access to apostolic succession, discusses the basic argumentative practices that apply to both churches. This passage shows that on this level the difference between the two communities is only minimal, the procedures applied by both are consistent. The argument is followed by the interpretative part, which deals with the search for the causes of discrepancies in the diversity of interpretations of the Bible, which was published as a joint authority of both communities from previous argumentation analysis. Finally, this work describes how the differences resulting from different interpretations are involved in the daily life and organization of the Church. A different discourse...
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Analysis of Crisis Communication in Retail Chains
Pralovszká, Sára ; Ivan, Michal (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on an analysis of crisis communication in food retail chains, using pragmatic linguistic methods. In the theoretical part I deal with speech acts theory from the viewpoint of John L. Austin and Emile Benveniste, Grice's Cooperative Principles and the Theory of Argumentation. I use all these methods in analyzing press releases published by retail chains in the case of a negative food affair. I am therefore interested in the way those linguistic tools are used by the authors in the press releases in order to communicate most effectively in a time of crisis, so as to prevent the loss of either costumers or the good name of the company. I will also focus on the most frequent mistakes made by the authors of press releases. The aim of my thesis is to find out whether it is possible to find some repetitive mechanisms used in the communication of different crisis topics. The main hypothesis is that although there are different crisis situations which need to be communicated, communication methods used in individual press releases are similar and they often recur. Key words: pragmatics, speech acts, cooperative principles, argumentation, crisis communication, food affair, press release.
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Aristotle's Conception of Logic
Zavřel, Karel ; Sousedík, Prokop (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee)
Bibliografická citace ZAVŘEL, Karel. Aristotelovo pojetí logiky. Bakalářská práce. Praha: Univerzita Karlova - Katolická teologická fakulta, 2014. Abstract Presented bachelor thesis Aristotle's conception of logic describes gradually Aristotle's life, the previous dialectical tradition and also concrete bases of his logical system. There are described in detail the various parts of Aristotle's Organon. The greatest emphasis is placed - and a large space is devoted - especially Aristotle's doctrine of judgments, syllogistics. Aristotle's view on this issue and his solutions are then supplemented by other views, that was brought by the rich historical tradition of Aristotelian logic: in particular the semantic view implemented by using a variety of diagrammatic methods. The last chapter briefly describes the Aristotelian logic, as it is reflected particularly by the scholastic tradition. Keywords: Aristotle, logic, Organon, syllogistics
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Right and good : Argumentation and Discourse of Cze ch Activists for Women's Suffrage
Gelnarová, Jitka ; Říchová, Blanka (advisor) ; Kobová, Ĺubica (referee) ; Dudeková, Gabriela (referee)
Right and good : Argumentation and Discourse of Czech Activists for Women's Suffrage Jitka Gelnarová Abstract The dissertation deals with the concept of suffrage within the discourse of Czech women's suffrage activists between 1897 and 1914. The aim is to define how the concept of suffrage was constructed by Czech suffragists within the context they lived in, how their notion of the suffrage was influenced by the fact that different women were positioned differently within the system of hierarchies based on gender, class and nation. The dissertation focuses on the hierarchies present in the discourse; the relation of "public" and private" in the discourse; the notion of "political representation" in the discourse; positions the suffragists spoke from and their representation of the enemy ("us/them"); the functions the concept of "Czechness" fulfilled in relation to the demand of female suffrage in the discourse; and the relation of "universality" and "particularity" to the demand of female suffrage in the discourse.
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New approaches to legal reasoning as used in case-law
Peterka, Bohumil ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Wintr, Jan (referee)
New Approaches to Legal Reasoning as Used in Case-Law - Summary The phenomenon of legal interpretation and argumentation theory has become increasingly popular in the Czech Republic. The thesis first aims to summarize theories (or methodologies) of three Anglo-Saxon scholars, Neil MacCormick, Ronald Dworkin and William N. Eskridge. In the thesis, three respective theoretic chapters are dedicated to theories of legal interpretation as presented by each of them. After exploring philosophic backgrounds of the theories briefly, main focus was put on sets of different interpretation methods and interpretive arguments these scholars find most relevant. Subsequently, I tried to analyse the arguments and to examine role different legal arguments play in the process of interpretation as described in works of the three scholars. Each theory is eventually explicated on a convenient law case mentioned in one of its author's books. The second aim of the thesis is to apply the theories as summarised in the theoretical part on Czech law cases to find out whether the theories are successfully applicable considering differences of Czech (continental) legal system and common-law-based legal orders as well as whether such application might prove helpful to a Czech law interpret. For that reason several important Czech "hard"...
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Resemblance, Imitation, Metamorphosis
Blecha, Jakub ; Thein, Karel (advisor) ; Jinek, Jakub (referee)
The central theme of my thesis are theoretical assumptions of Plato's arguments based on the figure appearance in dialogues X. Republic and Sophist. Separated chapters are devoted to the interpretation of selected passages of dialogue. Some partial assumptions are developed in details, such as The one over many argument in dialogue X. Republic and the essence of the image from Sophist. One conclusion follows from these work: the use of figures appearance is extremely problematic, for that reason, because we can not clarify the nature of image, as its a definitional feature. Reduction of imitation and in the second case of the art of Sophists on a certain type of representation, however, does not lead to the intended goal (to know the subjects of interpretation), but pointed out some non-trivial descriptions of the philosophical framework of Plato's thought. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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TV-debate - argumentation and persuasion: Václav Moravec questioning's case study
Jelínková, Barbora ; Kraus, Jiří (advisor) ; Šoltys, Otakar (referee)
The diploma thesis presents own research method for examination of speech formations. It focuses on examination of televised political debates. The method applied here may be characterized as an organized hermeneutic analysis of political discourse. Through the application of an analytical - philosophical approach (e.g. application of the theory of maxima, illocutionary acts evaluation, and analysis of arguments and verification of their truthfulness), the method allows us to establish objective facts of the debate as well as some personal features of debate participants. To examine texts, the theoretical knowledge of distinguished authors (J. J. Austin, K. Bayer, T. A. van Dijk, N. Fairclough, H. P. Grice, J. Habermas, J. Kraus, G. N. Leeche, J. R. Searl, and others) have been made use of. In addition to the literary survey, the thesis also includes the argumentation in respect of selection of the method, selection of talk shows, transcript of debates from TV records, transformation of the text into an analysable form, and research methodology. Accordingly, a specific communication model of programme is drawn up, the talk show discourse is analysed as a whole, and the styles and argumentation of selected participants are examined and analysed, which is followed by a comprehensive assessment of the...
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Rhetoric of users selected asynchronic discussions on the Internet.
Klika, Jan ; Kraus, Jiří (advisor) ; Švelch, Jaroslav (referee)
Master thesis called "Users rhetoric of selected asynchronous discussions on the Internet" studies culture of language and rhetorical cultivation in the selected discussion pieces from the three news servers, namely Aktuálně.cz., iDnes.cz and Neviditelný pes. Under many of these virtual newspaper articles there are discussions that are meant to develop read ideas and opinions. This discussion space is accessible for practically everyone who has an access to the Internet, which is one of the characteristics and advantages of network media over traditional ones. However limitations of traditional media anticipated the use of appropriate and cultivated language. Network media have different characteristics and asynchronous discussion make other demands on language in them. Natural language is the basic communication medium, which is the primary content of most mass media. In the practical part there is an examination of users speech behavior in these discussions. The rhetorical analysis is used there, which allows a holistic view of speech including its argumentative construction. The aim is to find out what this type of online dialogues is characteristic from the point of view of rhetoric.
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Reasoning in medialisation of discuss programmes and J.Searle's Theory of Speech Acts
Vozková, Markéta ; Šoltys, Otakar (advisor) ; Kraus, Jiří (referee)
Given that public television is involved in the public and political life of our society, we believe that it should be necessary to study the debating skills of moderators and especially their role in stimulating public discussion. We explored the role of the moderator, socio-professional aspects of the profession, with emphasis on the study of verbal expression and specific speech acts, which are used in specific discourse. The aim of the study of the public television moderator's communication strategies is to focus on language skills, competences and facilities in terms of moderators defending the public interest - start from the Act on Czech Television and Czech Television Codex. We focused on specific techniques and strategies of the moderator's discourse. We investigated how the induction of the host achieves cooperation and clarity in communication, as well as how the moderator achieves a minimum of manipulative or persuasive communication. Moderators should in particular avoid any signs of manipulative or persuasive rhetoric, and they should be able to recognise this. For this they may use the entire system of the language and all types of speech acts.
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