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Neoliberalism as an art of government : a Foucauldian analysis of neoliberalism
Kučerová, Nikola ; Franěk, Jakub (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
In this thesis I am concernced with a Foucauldian analysis of neoliberal government and application of this concept in the Petr Nečas's government. The Foucauldian analysis of power is a constant critical process that is supposed to modify according to changing terms. Foucault argues that the core of the art of government is a conflict. He doesn't understand the modern history as a history of law and peace. From the Foucauldian point of view the modern history has always been the history of conflict of two races. The winnig race determines law and rules of the whole society. It means that law and freedom are tools of governance. The basis of Foucault's concept is a relationship between power, knowledge and subject. This relationship constitutes technologies of governance. Foucault talks about three techniques - pastoral power, disciplinary power and bio-power. The bio-power is especially in the modern age. The modern art of government uses knowledge of experts (statistics, analyses, reports) for conduct of conduct. The inidividuals are not only the recepients of effects of power, but also they are distributors of power. The identity of subjects is formed by family, teachers and co- workers and they are also formed by their milieu. The consequence of this process is mentality of a modern person. The...
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Feminist art institutions: discursive and practical possibilities of progressive feminism in the Czech Republic
Jozová, Magdalena ; Kobová, Ĺubica (advisor) ; Dvořáčková, Jana (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with discursive and practical possibilities of progressive feminism in the Czech environment. The thesis discusses the current critique of feminism in neoliberalism and points to the processes of co-optation of feminist principles into the neoliberal system. Using the theory of sociologists Catherine Eschle and Bice Maiguashcy, the thesis further develops the discourse of progressive feminism, which offers a rejection of the logic of the neoliberal system and at the same time seeks alternative ways of feminist practice. Using the concept of progressive feminism, the Feminist Art Institution initiative, which seeks to bring feminist principles into institutional practice, is analyzed. The diploma thesis first analyzes feminist concepts that appear in the discursive conception of feminism of the Feminist Art Institution initiative. It also presents a case study of the practice of feminist art institutions with its conditions and consequences in a broader contextual context. The case study is based on semi-structured interviews conducted with representatives of twelve institutions at the initiative of the Feminist Art Institution. The diploma thesis offers a deeper insight into the issue of progressive feminism in Czech environment and its aim is to contribute to the debates...
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The Political and Economic Relations of Spain and Morocco: Interdependence or a Security Question?
Chmaitilliová, Dina ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (referee)
Diploma thesis "The Political and Economic Relations of Spain and Morocco: interdependence or a security question? " deals with the political and economical relations of Spain and Morocco from the end of the 1950's to the present. The relationship between these two countries is based not only on mutual cooperation and support but also on mutual rivalry. The most sensitive area almost throughout the analyzed period is the fishing policy, and the territorial dispute over Western Sahara, Ceuta and Melilla, Sidi Ifni (Leila) and the island Isla de Perejil (arabic Leila). The main hypothesis of the thesis is that the relationship of Spain and Morocco corresponds to the neo-liberal theory and therefore a priority in their mutual relations is the economic objectives and to ensure the prosperity. The relation of these two countries doesn't correspond to the neo-realistic theory and the security objectives don't have high priority. We verified this hypothesis by using the Congruance Method, the comparative method of the study period and by the dependent and independent variables. Dependent variable include the political and economic relations and the independent variables include the economic reform in Morocco, mutual bilateral cooperation, fishing policy, the various Spanish governments' policies towards...
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"Neither young, nor old" - A Case Study of Active Ageing in a Cultural and Educational Senior Center in Prague
Nováková, Pavla ; Ezzeddine, Petra (advisor) ; Synek, Michal (referee)
In my thesis, I deal with active ageing as a concept that is reflected in social policies. Active ageing presents activity as a key to satisfaction in older age and directs ageing population towards bigger independence and care about their health. I conducted my research in a chosen cultural and educational senior center in Prague. My main interest was how active ageing as an idea was transformed into social practice and how the activity was emphasized in the senior center and amongst its clients. The success of active ageing relates to culturally specific values as independence, activity, health, and self-realization (Lamb, 2020). Activity became a base for the hierarchization of activities, as well as people. The senior center which deals with the idea of active ageing is a safe space for its clients where activity represents a new social capital. However, this social capital has its limits as the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed. Keywords: active ageing, activity, social capital, vulnerability, senior center, neoliberalism
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Revolutionary Amoebas: Political Versatility as the Art of Resistance in Contemporary Germany
Kuřík, Bohuslav ; Abu Ghosh, Yasar (advisor) ; Barša, Pavel (referee) ; Feinberg, Joseph Grim (referee)
This dissertation is interested in what kind of self and techniques of resistance are acquired in order to be a revolutionary in the contemporary West. While I was conducting an ethnographic research between 2008 - 2015 following young activists from Germany in urban spaces of demonstrations, riots, direct actions, jails, the Internet, universities, housing projects, parent's homes in Germany as well as during solidarity trips to Mexico, Argentina, Israel/Palestine, Denmark or Italy, it was discovered that a concept of political versatility may be helpful here. Young revolutionaries are what I call revolutionary amoebas. Revolutionary amoebas acquire capacities to discuss at universities or public debates, write texts, talk, but they manage to argue beyond the discourse by throwing stones or burning cars in riots, organizing direct actions, smashing corporate properties, beating neonazis, attacking ultranationalists, or actively defending themselves against the police. As citizens of advanced liberal democracy, they enter public discussions of contested opinions, persuade people with their critical arguments and a few of them even vote, but they as well explore the political terrain considered illegal. Many of them know how to get funded from the state, The EU,...
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Neoliberalization of agriculture in Africa and its impacts
Jirsa, Jan ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Frajer, Václav (referee)
The presented thesis examines impacts of neoliberal policies on agriculture in the developing countries using the example of Zambia and Angola. It is based on a comparision of two most similar countries, which have been different in their approach to implementation of neoliberal policies. Another objective of this thesis is also the spatial transformation of Zambia's agriculture as a result of implementation of policy conditions in structural adjustment programmes. The focus of the paper is motivated by lack of similar approaches in research of neoliberal agriculture policies. This thesis also analyszes research of neoliberalism of agriculture and food regime theory, which has already been carried out. A large amount of data was compiled and processed from several data sources, and utilised to evaluate research questions. Research has confirmed decline in food crops production and yields in Zambia as a result of neoliberal policies, which could threaten the food sovereignty of the country. Furthermore, changes in the spatial distribution of crop production were observed, which are mainly related to the abolition of subsidies and different farmers behavior due to the introduction of Structural adjustment programs. Key words: Angola, agriculture, agriculture subsidies, neoliberalism, Structural...
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Washington Consensus in Latin America
Volfová, Kateřina ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
In order to restart economic growth in Latin America after the so-called "lost decade," most countries in the late 1980s began implementing neoliberal reforms aimed at economic transformation. The most important economic rules, which were summarized by John Williamson and named Washington consensus, aimed at providing macroeconomic stability and much needed economic growth. At first, the transition to market economy seemed successful. After years of economic stagnation, the economy began to grow again, inflation was reduced, privatization provided much needed funds to the state treasuries and the attention of foreign investors turned towards the region. However, the initial success did not last long. Economic growth was far smaller, than what was originally expected, and many countries were failing in dealing with unemployment, poverty, and growing income inequality. Growing scepticism was then fuelled by a series of economic crises in the second half of the 1990s. Comparing the impact of neoliberal reforms on the economies of individual countries is problematic because the way in which they were carried out has differed in many countries. Countries have undergone reforms at different time, different speed and with different intensity. The scope of the implemented reforms also differed. In the...
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The Promise of (In)Equality: A critical feminist analysis of socialist and neoliberal doctrines in the Czech Republic
Crema, Juliana ; Palacio Ludena, Maria Gabriela (advisor) ; Zielinska, Katarzyna (referee)
This thesis seeks to bridge the gap between theory and lived experiences of women and the state in terms of social relations and policies. In order to accomplish this, a qualitative approach was taken in order to apply a theoretical foundation to lived experiences of events that occurred in the Czech Republic. A critical feminist lens was applied to primary sources such as constitutional documents and World Bank reports in order to unearth the impact of state-dictated policy upon the lives and choices of women. As a hypothesis-producing thesis these primary and secondary documents were read in a way that let a narrative of parallels between the Socialist regime of the late twentieth century and the neoliberal government of the early twenty-first century arise. This main comparison reflects upon the state-centered power of both eras and its influence upon the tensions between women's roles as mothers, labourers, and citizens. With the guiding questions of how and why gender matters, a critical feminist approach was taken in the research process and has informed the results. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Liberal Critique and Reforms of Welfare State - The Case of Chile's Pension Reform
Žídek, Bohumír ; Angelovská, Olga (advisor) ; Potůček, Martin (referee)
My master thesis explores classical liberal attitudes towards the Welfare State. It deals especially with concepts developed by the so-called new classical liberals (also called neoclassical liberals) represented by scholars of the Arizona School. I use their ideas to reconstruct free-market liberal theory of social justice, which is then applied to pension reforms in Chile and Sweden. The thesis also recollects critiques of public pension systems by public choice theory scholars, which are then used to explore a nature of the aforementioned pension reforms. In cases of both reforms, these theoretical frameworks are used to evaluate data obtained by a desk research. Relevant documents and also data of international organizations and national statistical offices were used. In its last part, the thesis evaluates primary data obtained by semi-standardized interviews with seven Czech classical liberals and explores their attitudes towards both the free market liberal theory of social justice and pension reforms in Chile and in Sweden. Abstrakt Diplomová práce zkoumá vztah klasického liberalismu k sociálnímu státu. Zabývá se zejména koncepty vyvinutými takzvanými novými klasickými liberály reprezentovanými především badateli arizonské školy. Jejich ideje využívám k rekonstrukci tržně liberální teorie...
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