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From Descates' Mind to Kant's Reason
Dekastello, Petr ; Hill, James (advisor) ; Palkoska, Jan (referee)
The basic subject-matter of my research is R. Descartes' Meditations On First Philosophy and I examine the term intellect and its position within the mind and its relation to thought. My work includes a study of sensation and imagination which provide the intellect with "material" to judge. The objective of my thesis is to demonstrate the role the intellect plays in terms of reason and to present an interpretation of the way in which the mind is designated in relation to reason according to Rene Descartes in his writing and in his responses to objections. The position and functions of the intellect are understood as a logical structure of mutual dependence and as the elements essential for the understanding of the human soul substance. At the end of my thesis I demonstrate that the system of reason of R. Descartes might be considered as the basis for the transcendental conception of reason in Kant's philosophy, which leads to an idealistic world conception and is founded on thinking a priori. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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A Comparison of Plotinus's and St. Augustine's Conception of Evil
Košová, Michaela ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Novák, Lukáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis is concerned with Plotinus's and Augustine's conception of evil and its main aim is to compare both views and reveal which Plotinus's thoughts inspired Augustine and at which points he had to divert from Plotinus. The key question is in what way both philosophers attempt to answer the question about ontological status and origin of evil. While examining the differences between both conceptions it will be importatnt to explain them with regard to different metaphysical concepts which constitute Plotinus's and Augustine's thinking. First part of the thesis investigates in what sense in Plotinus's theory matter - the last point of emanation of reality from the One - is the principle of evil. Later we encounter tolma, certain illegitimate audacity to become independent from the higher levels which is present in the soul and also at the very emergence of reality as such from the One. However, since soul has a divine origin, it cannot really sin. Plotinus ascribes the ultimate responsibility for evil to matter, utter privation and form of non-being, which can act as a sort of trap for the soul. In the second part we will see that thanks to neoplatonic thinking Augustine too perceives evil as privation but he ascribes its origin to a free decision of created, and thus mutable rational...
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Requiem as a musical form and it's transformations in themusic of nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Gonata, Elena ; Pecháček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Holubec, Jiří (referee) ; Valášek, Marek (referee)
In this thesis, the evolution of the Requiem Mass throughout the centuries has been explored. The evidence provided clearly demonstrates the changes that the Requiem mass has gone through, from the first traditional Requiem mass all the way to the new Requiems of the Contemporary era. While early composers were inspired by religion, over time, a clear shift towards freedom of expression (war, human losses, tragic events) is evident. Requiems can be written for liturgical use and concert halls, and can be performed by choirs, soloists and orchestras (Acapella and Orchestral compositions). Requiems can have both short and long durations, and can have different textures (polyphonic style, homophonic style etc.). The traditional Latin language and religious texts are still widely used, however, there have been many changes throughout the centuries, such as the use of translations into different languages, the use of psalms, bible verses, poetry and famous speeches. Today, a large number of Requiems can be found from composers on a worldwide scale, including America, Europe and Great Britain.
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Christian roots of modern pedagogy
Špunda, Pavel ; Bravená, Noemi (advisor) ; Dřímal, Ludvík (referee)
In this dissertation I analyze issues of Christian roots presentation in primary education. I also emphasis deviation from human being understanding - as being physical and spiritual. Actually physical dimension is preferred. I point to often forgotten pedagogical legacy of apostles saint Cyril and Metod, also their bravery related to the confidence in Jesus Christ legacy. Mentioned three church institutions are not mentioned in the education system, instead of Jesuits. In case of Jesuits, there is totally missing positive point of view and information about benefits for actual education model. This benefit I describe also for other two church institutions, piarists and salesians, whose are not implemented in to the logical documents. Also pedagogic legacy of Jan Amos Komensky is not presented as a work focused on both human dimensions and is limited only on practical part of his pedagogical work. That is why I emphasis those diversions and I described benefits of individual personalities and institutions, their sense and focus on human included, and not only his physical part, but also spiritual. In the end of my dissertation I propose way of Christian roots presentation in RVP ZV, I mention didactic tools useful for their learning at all levels and periods in primary education system.
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Dialoguebetween Theology and Sciences in Wolfhart Pannenberg's theology
Špačková, Silvie ; Vogel, Jiří (advisor) ; Kučera, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis discusses the relation between theology and natural science in the works of Wolfhart Pannenberg. Pannenberg addresses the factors that led to a dispute between theology and natural science. Furthermore, Pannenberg's biography and most important works are outlined. The chapter "anthropology" deals with the human as a central theme in theology and natural science. The last chapter, "Dialogue between theology and natural science", covers the relation of theology and physics. Special attention is given to the topics space, time and the conception of the existence of God as an array
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Folk Dualism and the Two Conceptual Realms
Jirout Košová, Michaela ; Peregrin, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Koreň, Ladislav (referee) ; Sytsma, Justin (referee)
The thesis focuses on the irreducibility of the concept of a person to scientific view of the world. The main inspiration for thematising this specific aspect of folk dualism comes from Donald Davidson (two realms) and Wilfrid Sellars (two images). The theoretical sections are complemented by reflexion on results of empirical studies provided mostly by experimental philosophy in order to demonstrate how this approach benefits attempts to reach complex view of philosophical questions that have close connection to moral dimension of human life. The first chapter addresses a wider concept of self and introduces the idea of the necessity to bring the two conceptual realms on the scene: there is a specific conceptual realm (irreducible to physical realm or scientific image) enabling proper grasp of the concept of a person. The subsequent chapters address particular sub-concepts of the concept of self. The second chapter focuses on the concept of free will, and by referring to different views it points to the necessity to bring folk concepts into consideration. It concludes that the folk concept of free agent is transcendent with regard to scientific accounts and bears certain "supernatural" characteristics connected to the concept of conscious will. The third (and central) chapter brings focus on the...
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Meaning of the Sin Offering
Ciprová, Marie ; Beneš, Jiří (advisor) ; Holubová, Markéta (referee)
The intention of this thesis is to try to uncover the meaning of the sin offering once again. To get to this new point of view, it uses synchronic methods and thorough analysis of defined texts of Leviticus (from the first, the fourth and the sixth chapter) and it even uses analysis of single words in a wider context. First it is concerned about getting deeply into the understanding of what sin is, then that the sacrificial animal probably becomes the sin and the sin is killed. Also there is a priest, who makes rites with the blood and the fat. It is likely that both of these rites have very deep sense. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Yoga as a tool for the conscious body from the point of view of the phenomenological concept of corporeality
Pulda Nagy, Sophia Jaroslava ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
Diploma thesis "Yoga as a tool for the conscious body from the perspective of the phenomenological concept of corporeality" deals with corporeality, the phenomenology of the body and yoga as a tool for finding the harmony of the conscious body. The introduction of the thesis explains the importance of this topic from the perspective of the society-wide concept and also explains the motivation of the author to its processing. The historical background dealing with the Cartesian conception of the body based on Descartes' dualism was described in the theoretical part. The next chapter in the theoretical part was devoted to the comparison of concepts from Cartesian and yoga meditation, and description of the phenomenology of corporeality in Merleau-Ponty. The chapters dealing with the issue of increasing psychic tension in children and youth and the resulting need to deal with the care of the soul were emphasized. The importance of yoga as a meaning of restoring stability was explained in a separate chapter. Individual types of asanas and their effect on the human body were described there as well. The effects of yoga on health in selected research publications were discussed in the practical part along with foreign researches by contemporary scientists and researchers from the ranks of psychologists,...
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