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Quality of democracy and the role of Constitutional Courts in Central Europe
Weishauplová, Barbora ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Jüptner, Petr (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the study of the role of the Constitutional Court in Poland and the Czech Republic and their impact on the state of democracy, especially during the COVID- 19 pandemic. In the case study of both countries, three thematic areas are analyzed: the institutional setting of the constitutional judiciary, the process of appointing judges and the independent activities of the CC, which are created on the basis of current research and academic literature. The analyzes are mainly based on political developments, the constitutional entrenchment and the reaction of the US to government procedures that have had an impact on the deterioration of the quality of democracy. The two case studies are then compared to answer the question; what role the they played during the pandemic. The analysis itself shows that the role of the CC during the pandemic was crucial in both countries, although their position in the examined areas differed considerably. This finding is based mainly on the intensity of influencing the following political events, which was caused by the functioning of the CC. The difference lies in the relationship of the CC to the pandemic. In the Czech Republic, his approach was found to be active, as he revised protective measures to balance public health and democracy,...
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Central European Nostalgia and its role in creating the collective identity of Central Europe
Strejčková, Barbora ; Žíla, Ondřej (advisor) ; Vykoukal, Jiří (referee)
This thesis analyses the phenomenon of Central European nostalgia through essays by Milan Kundera and Yuri Andrukhovych. It examines the ways in which the nostalgic imaginations of the Central European space contribute to the creation of the collective identity of Central Europe. The first part of the thesis outlines the historical context of thinking about Central Europe, which is then used in the analysis of the examined texts. The second part deals with the method of the analysis and the theoretical background, the theory of nostalgia. It maps the academic debate concerning both nostalgia in general and Central European nostalgia in particular. In the following analytical part of the work, the method of critical discursive analysis is used to examine for what purposes and in what ways the authors in their essays relate nostalgically to Central Europe at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and how they construct Central European space through this narrative. The thesis argues that although the nostalgia of Kundera and Andrukhovych differs in its manifestations, both authors set their homeland in Central Europe through their nostalgia. In continuity with historical thinking, they anchor them in Europe itself. Nostalgia in the examined texts acts as a counter-discourse, a resistance to...
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Distribution and pattern morphology of pseudomorphs of thermal-conctraction-cracks features in Austria
Dufek, Jaroslav ; Křížek, Marek (advisor) ; Margold, Martin (referee)
During the cold Pleistocene episodes, the territory of Austria was at the forefront of nearby Alpine glaciation. The unglaciated area of Austria was part of the Central European periglacial zone, in which permafrost developed. The distribution of Upper Pleistocene permafrost, its character, but also its time classification in the western part of the Pannonian Basin is still unclear. It is also because ideas about the characteristics of Upper Pleistocene permafrost in this area have so far been based mainly on indirect biological or lithological records such as pollen grains, malacofauna snails, or loess-paleosol sequences. Until now, the evidence of direct geo-indicators of paleo-permafrost has been relatively limited, with unique relict frost-wedges, cryoturbations, or sporadic remains of thermokarst lakes depressions and pingos. The results present a new database of relict frost-wedges in Austria, which was created based on published literary sources, but mainly based on aerial imaginary available on Google Earth Pro. The results significantly expand (by hundreds of localities) the existing knowledge about the occurrence of relict frost-wedges, which have so far been located in Austria purely on the basis of excavated profiles and soil probes. The found polygons of frost-wedge pseudomorphs are an...
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Medieval building offerings from the archaeological perspective
Dančová, Viktorie ; Profantová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Vařeka, Pavel (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with intentional deposits, a material evidence of customs connected with the foundation and construction of medieval buildings. The general principles of building offering recognition in the archaeological contexts were formulated on the basis of archaeological, written and ethnographical sources. Difficulties with their interpretation and terminology were discussed pursuant to the current discourse in European archaeology. Individual archaeological findings in the area of today's Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia from 6th to 16th century are presented and evaluated. Their list is also contained in the catalogue, which is put to this thesis. Keywords early middle ages; high middle ages; Bohemia; Moravia; central Europe; building offering; foundation offering; house offering; sacrifice
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Comparison of lustration laws in Central European states: Czechoslovakia, Poland and Baltic states
Srb, Jáchym ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (advisor) ; Mlsna, Petr (referee)
The paper: "Comparison of lustration laws in Central European states: Czechoslovakia, Poland and Baltic states" describes the emergence and application of the lustration laws in context of the political transformation of these states from the begining of the 90s. The main objective of this paper is to answer the question, what are the differences and similarities in the functioning of the lustration laws in these states and whether there is a single explanation for their divergence. For this purpose the paper describes the political and historical background from which these laws emerged in each state separately. This part, among other things, outlines the concept of the "double-tracked" lustrations in Latvia and Estonia, where the laws followed both the collaboration rationale and the ethnical divide. The paper also aims to critically outline the most prominent theoretical approaches to the aforementioned question of the disparities between lustrations in different states. The second aspect of lustrations, which this paper examines, is their conformity with the standards of the European Convention on Human Rights. From analysing the judicature of the ECHR, the paper concludes that the court was very self-restrained in examining these laws and only intervened in the cases of clearly excesive scope of the...
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Changes in climate elements in central Europe and the Czech Republic from the mid-20th century, focusing on autumn
Maryško, Kryštof ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Cahynová, Monika (referee)
This thesis deals with climate elements changes in Central Europe in the 2nd half of the 20th century which are being compared to changes in global and European scale. The entire thesis is divided into three main chapters according to the climate elements. The most described are temperature indicators which the authors of papers study most frequently. Also the precipitation forms a separate chapter, while other elements are all summarized in one chapter, because there are not that many studies about them. The average annual temperature and precipitation trends calculated for Europe or the world were similar to those in Central Europe. As for the temperature indicators, during the 2nd half of the 20th century warming was found in most cases and insignificant trends prevailed for precipitation indicators. Among the seasonal changes in climate, autumn stood out. Its trends were in some cases (especially for temperature indicators) different from the other seasons. Whilst there is warming in Central Europe in spring, summer and winter, it cools in autumn. Keywords: climate elements, long-term changes, Central Europe, autumn
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The collection of textile fragments found in rubbish dump dated to modern times from archaeological excavation in Praha 1- Na rejdišti čp. 77
Šmidová, Kamila ; Březinová, Helena (advisor) ; Bravermanová, Milena (referee)
The main aim of the master thesis is an evaluation of archaeological textiles from the site Na Rejdišti 1 - Praha 1, which are coming from the rubbish dump. They are dated from the 16th to the 18th century. Key sources of information are analogical situations coming mainly from Poland and Germany where the textile fragments have been evaluated from rubbish dumps, water wells, cesspits and sewers. Outcome of the paper is also a tabular catalogue of findings. Key words textile, clothing, late Middle Ages, modern times, town, central Europe, dump, Na Rejdiši, Praha
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Links between atmospheric circulation and surface air temperature distributions in climate models
Pejchová Plavcová, Eva ; Kyselý, Jan (advisor) ; Halenka, Tomáš (referee) ; Huth, Radan (referee)
Title: Links between atmospheric circulation and surface air temperature distributions in climate models Abstract: This thesis comprises a collection of five papers dealing with validation of regional climate model (RCM) simulations over Central Europe. The first paper illustrates and discusses problems with observed data that are used for model validation and how the choice of reference dataset affects the outcomes in validating the RCMs' performances. The second paper evaluates daily temperatures, and it indicates that some temperature biases may be related to deficiencies in the simulations of large- scale atmospheric circulation. RCMs' ability to simulate atmospheric circulation and the observed links between circulation and surface air temperatures are examined in detail in the third paper. This article also compares performances of individual RCMs with respect to the driving data by analysing the results for the driving data themselves. The fourth paper focuses on biases in the diurnal temperature range within RCMs and their possible causes by examining links of the errors to the at- mospheric circulation and cloud amount. The last paper investigates the observed relationships between atmospheric circulation and daily precipitation amounts over three regions in the Czech Republic, as well as how these...
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Early Mediaeval Slavic Population in Central Europe - a Biocultural Analysis
Jiřičková, Hana ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
TITLE: Early mediaeval Slavic population in Central Europe - a biocultural analysis AUTHOR: Hana Jiřičková DEPARTMENT: Department of Biology and Environmental Studies SUPERVISOR: Doc. RNDr. Václav Vančata, CSc. ABSTRACT: This Bachelor's work supposed to indicate the theories used by the original Slavic people by conquering, settling and colonizing cental Europe in the 6th century. The main purpose is to display the ways they used to survive and prosper. The importance of language, religion, agriculture and trades are also displayed. The influence of Christian religion and decline of polytheistic religion were also important in their lives just as well the language in which they communicate with them self and relation with other Indo-Europeans. Agriculture was the fundamental way of survival, grow of food, developing trades, introducing coins and burial ceremonies were also important in their society. KEYWORDS: Slavs, early mediaeval, Central Europe, biocultural analysis
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