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Argumentative Connectors in Czech and Spanish: Comparative Analysis
FROŇKOVÁ, Tereza
The aim of this Master's Thesis is the study of frequency of contraargumentative connectors in Spanish, based on the quantitative analysis of these cohesive devices in argumentative texts. The theoretical part follows and draws from the works of renowned Spanish linguists and introduces the reader to the issue of discourse markers. Thus, different proposals for its definition and classification are taken in consideration, then are described the fundamental characteristics of the contraargumentative connectors. These are examined later in the practical part. Divided into chapters it offers focus on the quantitative analysis of the connectors in three corpuses which are comprised of judgments, academic writings and editorials. For greater clarity, analyses are accompanied by graphs and frequency tables. A Czech summary is added at the end of this investigation.
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Czech avant-garde argumentation, in ReD magazine's replies to outer eriticism
Škopková, Andrea ; Kučera, Štěpán (advisor) ; Köpplová, Barbara (referee) ; Bednařík, Petr (referee)
The theme of the work is assessment of argumentation strategies used by Revue Devetsil (ReD) editors, eg in response to articles published elsewhere or other critical contributions - especially in the context of conflict of art and politics. In particular, the observed situations relate to cases in which ReD editors expressed their views on the evaluations of contemporary avant-garde movement. The content of the study is an analysis of argumentation techniques according to social viewpoint. Rather than formal stylistic means, the text is oriented to contents and context of the use of specific or repeated arguments, especially the position from which the message is being produced. At the same time, the work captures the communication traits and characteristics of the First Republic cultural journalism and the position of the Czech avant-garde at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s. The thesis is divided into four chapters and a conclusion. The first one presents the media landscape of the First Republic cultural journalism, the second chapter informs about Devetsil movement, third part focuses on presentation of the goals of the Revue Devetsil, the fourth chapter presents examples of argumentative concepts on the genre of the manifesto, the polemics and the theoretical study. The conclusion discusses...
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Analysis of rhetorical and argumentational constructs in contemporary political party programmes
Ščerbak, Alexander ; Švantner, Martin (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
Diploma thesis is dealing with the political party programme as the basic building block of political rhetoric and related phenomena in the Czech and Slovak political discourse of reasoning, rhetoric and related statements and case studies that describe and approach these phenomena with examples from the current domestic political rhetoric. Author bases on contemporary critical analysis of argumentation and theory of pragma-dialectic which opposes fallacies or false arguments and then sees both methods in construction of arguments in cases of political rhetoric, mass media discourse and conotative values that they are gaining. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Argumentation in interaction: The sequential structure of accounts in television debates
Kopecký, Jakub ; Kaderka, Petr (advisor) ; Kraus J., (referee) ; Orgoňová, Olga (referee)
Argumentation in interaction: The sequential structure of accounts in television debates Abstract This dissertation concentrates on the sequential structure of argumentation in spoken interaction. The point of departure is the concept of argumentation as linguistic action based on accounting for a controversial position with the purpose of convincing listeners of its acceptability or in order to defend it when it is challenged. The dissertation's specific aim is to describe the interactional context of argumentation using material from TV debates. The study utilizes ethnomethodological conversation analysis combined with elements of argumentation theory. The objects of empirical analysis are the types of linguistic action in argumentation interaction (e.g. the call for argumentation or the challenge to a position or argument) and the means of signaling argumentation. The research focuses on the analysis of the sequential organization of the TV debate, including the system of turn-taking, and on describing the sequential contexts of the argumentation in this genre. Attention is devoted to so-called argumentative sequences, i.e. series of mutual argumentative responses (problematizations) by the debate participants. Also examined are other types of linguistic action which initiate argumentation by...
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Quid iuris? (Descriptive Theory of Legal Interpretation and Argumentation)
Žák Krzyžanková, Katarzyna ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Kühn, Zdeněk (referee) ; Večeřa, Miloš (referee)
The objective of the PhD-thesis is analytical and comparative description of the main theoretical and philosophical approaches to the issue of legal interpretation, focusing on practical application. Initially, attention is paid to explanation of the concept of legal interpretation itself, focusing also on the practical meaning of differentiation between each designatum of the concept of legal interpretation as well as the reflection thereof in the applicable law. Other parts of the thesis include an introduction to the general typology of the theories of legal interpretation followed by a more detailed analysis of the three basic contemporary theories (philosophies) of legal interpretation, namely analytical approach (both the so-called horse-shoe analysis and soft-shoe analysis), hermeneutic approach (attention is paid to the traditional as well as modern hermeneutics, both the phenomenological and methodological branch), and discursive approach (represented by the rhetorical-topical view of discourse as well as the procedural concept of discourse). The PhD-thesis results in the pronunciation of a syncretic opinion that the different theories of interpretation of law should be explained and taught in mutual context because this dialogic approach provides a guarantee that their conclusions and...
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Language correctness and incorrectness as an argument used in online discussions
Trojanová, Monika ; Švelch, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kraus, Jiří (referee)
The diploma thesis titled "Language Correctness and Incorrectness as an Argument Used in Online Discussions" deals with a language criticism which is used as an argument in online discussions. Firstly, the thesis frames language and speech, argumentation, rhetoric, and communication. Then it introduces online discussions and describes how they work, and how they contribute to communication. It is also focused on the users as creators of content in online discussions. The thesis analyzes the corpus of online discussions in which the argumentation based on language correctness and incorrectness is contained. According to communication situations, the thesis classifies by what language criticism is started, what arguments are used by the critics, how the critized react, and how the others perceive language criticism. The research also examines the consequence of language criticism in online discussions. The goal of the thesis is to determinate whether and how language incorrectness may affect information value of particular post, and how the arguments based on language correctness and incorrectness are used.
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Evident and Hidden Manipulation in Political Speeches of Socialistic Era
Švejda, Zdeněk ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor) ; Schneiderová, Soňa (referee)
This thesis is concerned with identifying and describing the linguistic elements of manipulative strategies of selected political speeches from 1948 till 1957. In the first part the work is focused on the principles of political communication, further persuasion and manipulation with respect to the relationship of these terms. In the next sections we find formal and functional description language means with regard to their pragmatic semantic components, mechanisms of propaganda and political line of reasoning. Knowledge of various aspects of language allows description of specific manipulative tendencies in political speeches and their burden in terms of evident and hidden action to the addressee.
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Origins of the doctrinal contradiction between the Catholic Church and Jehovah's Witnesses
Zoulová, Tereza ; Marcelli, Miroslav (advisor) ; Ivan, Michal (referee)
The aim of this paper is to describe the contradictions of Christian denominations, not dogmatically doctrinal, but generally doctrinal, in terms of how they arise and how they impact the thinking within the respective groups. Two churches were selected for this comparison, the Catholic Church and Jehovah's Witnesses, as representatives of the denominations with the most notable differences. The initial starting point is the history of the two churches, which highlights the cultural and historical conditions under which the two churches were formed. Further work on two cases of conflict, the concept of the Holy Trinity and access to apostolic succession, discusses the basic argumentative practices that apply to both churches. This passage shows that on this level the difference between the two communities is only minimal, the procedures applied by both are consistent. The argument is followed by the interpretative part, which deals with the search for the causes of discrepancies in the diversity of interpretations of the Bible, which was published as a joint authority of both communities from previous argumentation analysis. Finally, this work describes how the differences resulting from different interpretations are involved in the daily life and organization of the Church. A different discourse...
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Analysis of Crisis Communication in Retail Chains
Pralovszká, Sára ; Ivan, Michal (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on an analysis of crisis communication in food retail chains, using pragmatic linguistic methods. In the theoretical part I deal with speech acts theory from the viewpoint of John L. Austin and Emile Benveniste, Grice's Cooperative Principles and the Theory of Argumentation. I use all these methods in analyzing press releases published by retail chains in the case of a negative food affair. I am therefore interested in the way those linguistic tools are used by the authors in the press releases in order to communicate most effectively in a time of crisis, so as to prevent the loss of either costumers or the good name of the company. I will also focus on the most frequent mistakes made by the authors of press releases. The aim of my thesis is to find out whether it is possible to find some repetitive mechanisms used in the communication of different crisis topics. The main hypothesis is that although there are different crisis situations which need to be communicated, communication methods used in individual press releases are similar and they often recur. Key words: pragmatics, speech acts, cooperative principles, argumentation, crisis communication, food affair, press release.
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Aristotle's Conception of Logic
Zavřel, Karel ; Sousedík, Prokop (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee)
Bibliografická citace ZAVŘEL, Karel. Aristotelovo pojetí logiky. Bakalářská práce. Praha: Univerzita Karlova - Katolická teologická fakulta, 2014. Abstract Presented bachelor thesis Aristotle's conception of logic describes gradually Aristotle's life, the previous dialectical tradition and also concrete bases of his logical system. There are described in detail the various parts of Aristotle's Organon. The greatest emphasis is placed - and a large space is devoted - especially Aristotle's doctrine of judgments, syllogistics. Aristotle's view on this issue and his solutions are then supplemented by other views, that was brought by the rich historical tradition of Aristotelian logic: in particular the semantic view implemented by using a variety of diagrammatic methods. The last chapter briefly describes the Aristotelian logic, as it is reflected particularly by the scholastic tradition. Keywords: Aristotle, logic, Organon, syllogistics
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