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Theory and research of disinformation in contemporary media studies
Steinwald, Robert ; Podzimek, Jan (advisor) ; Miessler, Jan (referee)
Disinformation is an important topic, which is currently receiving considerable attention not only in academic circles, but also in the public sphere. The reason is their potentially strong and unpredictable influence. Despite the importance of this topic, we find that the very concept of "disinformation" is not entirely stable and its meaning may vary according to individual authors or approaches. However, it is not only the meaning in terms of definition, but also the properties and internal structure and the relationship to related concepts such as fake news, hoaxes, misinformation, etc. And it is the mapping of various concepts of disinformation that will be the research goal of this bachelor thesis. The material will be theoretically focused professional publications on the topic from various authors. However, the concept of misinformation will not only be examined on a semantic level, but also in relation to the social environment and events, including the relationship to media legislation, regulation and literacy, as well as to certain topics in connection with which a number of misinformations are spreading (eg covid- 19). This will be taken into account in several studies and reports focused on misinformation in today's society.
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Archetypal narrativisation and it's use in disinformations
Lebduška, Daniel ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis Archetypal narrativisation and it's use in disinformations is to verify the connection between archetypal narrativization and misinformation, to describe which archetypal narratives are most often used by misinformation, to systematize them and then to describe which emotions are targeted by archetypal narrativization in misinformation. This study therefore explores the use of archetypal narrativization as a persuasion technique in disinformation campaigns. Drawing on the concept of archetypes from Jungian psychology and narrativization theory, this research examines how archetypal elements are strategically used to shape and disseminate misinformation. Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis of specific misinformation messages, the study examines the underlying motivations and effects of the use of archetypes in misinformation narratives. By exploiting deeply embedded psychological patterns and collective cultural symbolism, these campaigns seek to manipulate emotions, promote cognitive biases, and exploit social contradictions. The use of archetypes such as hero, villain, and victim allows purveyors of disinformation messages to create compelling narratives that resonate with target audiences and elicit specific responses. The thesis proposing further...
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Misinformation Variation? Looking Through the Gendered Lens
Kochel, Alexis ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Solovyeva, Anzhelika (referee)
In recent years, the growth of the far-right has been spreading across borders, becoming a major international crisis. As the far-right is growing, modern technology has become a powerful platform for recruiting members and spreading misinformation; individuals from anywhere can join, regardless of gender. As a result, women's increased number, impact, and roles within these far-right groups are expanding and becoming familiar. This thesis conducted a qualitative content analysis to depict the difference between women and men when writing messages of political misinformation online, specifically the misinformation regarding the 2020 United States presidential election. By utilizing Deborah Tannen's The Difference Theory, separated language-coded categories were created that depicted an established numerically and qualitatively set of differences between the discourse of the genders. The analysis described some differences between the method and meaning behind the message, but also similarities. The top used categories were the same for both genders, few were similar, and eight were different. It revealed that females expressed similarly to the males; however, males did not use the female-oriented categories as much as the females did the males'.
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Misinformation & Pegasus Project: Case study of India
Khurana, Aditya ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Schottli, Jivanta (referee)
This thesis analyses the mainstream media's reporting around Pegasus spyware in India and the subsequent formation of revisionist networks showing solidarity with news circulated by mainstream media on social media. This research on news media coverage of misinformation spread around Project Pegasus in India classifies and clusters misinformation supplied by the mainstream media through their reporting. Next, the thesis explores the emergence of revisionist social media networks from such coverage as a response to the call to action in the mass media. The case study method allows the author to offer focused insights into the misinformed mass media's coverage of the issue. K means clustering is used to identify different narratives in the news report dataset, followed by text mining using Voyant Tools to summarise the narratives. Social Media Analysis is done to identify and bring forth the revisionist hashtags deployed by the mainstream media to further their narrative. The findings of the project highlight that considerable parts of the population are aware of notable misinformation around Pegasus spyware. However, this understanding did not translate into the call for action by the media houses across social media (Twitter). The weak correlation between Indian media reports and social media...
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The influence of personality and selected media on the perception of the Covid-19 pandemic
El Hadjoine, Muhamed Amin ; Vranka, Marek (advisor) ; Ježková, Tereza (referee)
The subject of this diploma thesis is the issue of spreading false reports about the disease COVID-19. The work aims to map the relationship between personality traits, political orientation, used sources of information, and susceptibility to conspiracy theories in the Slovak Republic with the help of quantitative research, specifically a questionnaire survey. The theoretical part of the thesis explains the key concepts, concepts related to false reports, their characteristics and dissemination practices. Following the set goals, it presents psychological factors that influence the spread of false information, justifies the tendency of a large part of the population to trust false reports, and presents the concepts of a five-factor model of personality and cognitive reflection testing. The practical part of the work is devoted to research, the aim of which was to present the factors influencing the tendency to consider false reports about the disease COVID-19 to be credible. Greater attention has been paid to the influence of individuals' personalities on their attitudes to pandemics. The data collected in the form of a questionnaire survey suggest that personality characteristics do not have a significant effect on the tendency to believe in false reports. However, research suggests that...
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Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on success and politics of the governing parties in countries of the Visegrád Group
Parušev, Jan ; Stauber, Jakub (advisor) ; Guasti, Petra (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the party systems and governing parties of the Visegrad Four in 2020 and 2021. Using comparative analysis, it examines this impact on opinion polls and elections, the level of digitalisation and the erosion of democracy. The paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, I explain the key concepts used for the analysis - good governance, quality of governance and adaptive or agile governance - and describe the methods and data used. In the second part, I describe the course of the pandemic through the lens of these concepts, and in the third part I answer the research questions established in the theoretical and methodological sections.
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Vaccination as a communication challenge: an analysis of the arguments and factors influencing its (non-)acceptance
Hájková, Karolína ; Klabíková Rábová, Tereza (advisor) ; Vranka, Marek (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the negative phenomenon of refusing vaccination,the declining vaccination coverage, and the return of infectiousdiseases which are preventable by vaccines. This is an international phenomenon which was identified by the World Health Organization in 2019 as one of the top ten threats to public health. The topic of rejection and hesitation in vaccination is a complex issue which is influenced by many factors. These include,for example, the media environment, geographical and financial barriers, historical influences, personal experience, health literacy, risk perception and many more. Failure to adopt immunization programs is a collective, not individual, public health problem. It is therefore necessary to map these factors and to analyze the arguments against vaccination which prevent its adoption. The thesis contains a brief mapping of the history of refusal of vaccination, elaboration of a comprehensive set of factors influencing the acceptance of vaccination, analysis of selected arguments against vaccination, and finally, a summary of knowledge for creating strategies for adopting immunization programs.
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Historical Argumentation in the Russian Information Warfare in Ukraine between 2014-2016
Vaidišová, Natálie ; Kolenovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines Russia's presentation of historical arguments in the information war in Ukraine between 2014-2016 and focuses on the methods and degree of Russia's manipulation of historical arguments. The work reviews the content of a pro-Russian website Russkaya Vesna, which targets Ukrainians. The thesis centres around two historical eras - World War II and the Soviet Union era. When describing events related to WW2, the website adopts a condemning narrative, labelling the UIA, OUN and Stepan Bandera as "fascist", which is examined in the first chapter of the thesis. In its evaluation of the Soviet era, the "soviet nostalgia" phenomenon is put under examination and the ways in which Russia encouraged this nostalgia are being focused on. Based on this research, the thesis proves that between the years 2014-2016, the informational sphere represented a substantial part of the Russian-Ukrainian war, and that the Russian government actively used misleading historical arguments to bolster pro-Russian attitudes in the people of Ukraine.
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