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Nutritional benefit of cricket flour
Šťastná, Martina ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
Edible insects have been part of the diet of many countries across the world for several decades. It is becoming increasingly popular in the europian developed countries, mainly because of the content of nutritionally important substances. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the characterization of edible insects in terms of nutritional benefits, explains the reasons and method of breeding edible insects. For the analysis of nutritionally active substances, flour of house cricket (Acheta domesticus) was used. A. domesticus belongs to the representatives of insects legalized from 1.1. 2018 on the EU market. Of the significantly nutritional substances, proteins, lipids, fatty acids, fiber and selected minerals were analyzed. In this study, optimalization of vertical electrophoresis SDS-PAGE was performed to determine protein fragment sizes. In the second part the influence of acricket flour addition protein bars was investigated by sensory analysis. In the experimental part that was found that cricket flour contains protein, lipids and fatty acids in significant amounts. It also contains important minerals for human health such as magnesium, potassium, iron or zinc. However, the sensory properties of protein bars for consumers were not very attractive.
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Isolation of pure aminoacids from wheat bran
Sloupová, Klára ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Pořízka, Jaromír (advisor)
Wheat bran is a promising material containing a wide range of useful components, including proteins. In addition, it is produced in significant volumes. Currently, wheat bran is used for the production of energy by combustion and for feed purposes. Gradually, new methods of valorization of this material are being sought. One of the possibilities of using wheat bran is the isolation of proteins, hydrolysis, and separation of selected amino acids. This diploma thesis deals with this issue, it is focused on the recovery of arginine and leucine from a protein isolate. Proteins were extracted from wheat bran by changing the pH. Thanks to the subsequent lyophilization a protein isolate was gained. Prior to hydrolysis of the resulting isolate, a stability test of arginine and leucine amino acid standards was first performed, to which various hydrolysis methods were applied. Acid hydrolysis using a mineralizer, which was applied to the protein isolate, was proved to be the most effective. This was followed by the derivatization of the hydrolysates with OPA and analysis of the resulting hydrolysates by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-VIS detection. Then, suitable adsorption and desorption conditions were optimized. It was found that the time dependence does not affect the amount of adsorbed material on the sorbent. Therefore, an application time of 15 minutes was chosen. While optimizing the amount of used standard, it was found that the optimal weight was 0.25 g of sorbent. The selected conditions were applied to the protein hydrolyzate. Two fractions were obtained by the separation of selected amino acids due to the change in the pH of the citrate buffer. After the application of this procedure, 0.26 g of arginine and 0.82 g of leucine were obtained from one kilogram after evaporation. From evaporation two, 1.01 g of arginine and 0.25 g of leucine were obtained after evaporation.
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Methods for prediction of secondary structure in proteins
Hoštáková, Nina ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
The examination of protein structure is crucial in determining protein function in organism. This work deals with the issue of 1D, 2D and 3D structures, into which are proteins organized in space. Emphasis is placed on secondary structure, which can be predicted directly from the amino acid sequences and then used for the estimation of spatial structure. On this procedure are focused computational methods, using algorithms that convert the order of amino acids into the order of preferences for secondary structures. To direct determination of the structure by creating structural models is devoted chapter Experimental Methods (NMR spectroscopy, RTG crystallography). The main aim of this work is practical realization of protein secondary structure prediction method. The created program is supplemented by graphical user interface. In the final part the results of the program based on Chou- Fasman method are compared to the outputs of freely available softwares from the Internet.
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Analysis of Protein Structure Visualisation Tools
Klemšová, Jarmila ; Jaša, Petr (referee) ; Burgetová, Ivana (advisor)
In this thesis we analyze several tools for protein structure visualisation. We describe the structure of the proteins, the databases for storing protein structures and their data formats. Next part of the thesis, provides detailed information about selected visualisation tools and some scripts for them. The thesis also include an example of visualisation of the selected protein.
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Detection of Homologous Enzymes
Gajdoš, Pavel ; Burgetová, Ivana (referee) ; Martínek, Tomáš (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá vyhledáváním homologních enzymů v proteinových databázích, jejímž cílem je navrhnout nástroj poskytující takové vyhledávání. Čtenář se seznámí se základní teorií týkající se proteinů, enzymů, homologie, ale také s existujícími nástroji pro vyhledávání homologních proteinů a enzymů. Dále je popsáno ohodnocení nalezených existujících nástrojů pro vyhledávání homologních enzymů. Pro potřeby vyhodnocení byla vytvořena datová sada spolu s algoritmem pro vyhodnocení vyýsledků jednotlivých nástrojů. Další částí práce je návrh a implementace nové metody pro vyhledávání homologních enzymů společně s jejím vyhodnocením. Jsou popsány dva algoritmy (One-by-One a MSA) pro vyhledávání homologních enzymů, jejichž porovnání ukazuje, že MSA algoritmus je zanedbatelně lepší z hlediska přesnosti než One-by-One algoritmus zatímco z hlediska rychlosti vítězí One-by-One algoritmus.
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Effect of the dry hopping of the stability of beer foam
Benda, David ; Štursa, Václav (referee) ; Pořízka, Jaromír (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the influence of dry hopping on the stability of the beer foam. It was observed how this effect affected general characteristics of beer, the content of hop bitter acids, proteins, phenolic compounds, selected micro- and macro elements, organic acids and the stability od the beer foam. Theoretical part characterises raw the materials for beer production, the substances affecting the stability of beer foam and the beer brewing process. Furthermore the beer foam is described froam a physical point of view together with the steps of its formation and drainage as well as other phenomena that lead to its disappearance. A detailed description of used analytical methods is included. The experimental part illustrates the preparation of the model beer and the implementation of dry hopping with the Czech hop variety called Kazbek. Dry hopping was carried out on day 3, day 5 and day 10 with a 3 g/l and a 6 g/l hop dose. The prepared beer was subsequently analysed for general characteristics, the beer foam stability, bitter hop acids, phenolic compounds, protein, selected micro- and macroelements and organic acids. Based on the measured data, there were found correlations between the observed beer parameter and the stablity of the beer foam. The results revealed that dry hopping in beer increases the content of the phenolic compounds and bitter substances, but its effect on the beer foam stability is negative.
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Utilization of micropreparative isoelectric focusing in the analysis of biological samples
Vlčková, Zuzana ; Flodrová, Dana (referee) ; Šalplachta, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of this Master Thesis is the optimization and verification of conditions of separation of proteins from biological materials. For the separation a developed technique called micropreparative isoelectric focusing is being used. The theoretical part describes analytical methods of biological materials with a focus on proteins which were used for the optimization of the developing system in general. This part of the Master Thesis also presents this method itself. Furthermore, basic characteristics of other techniques used to control the efficiency of the micropreparative isoelectric focusing are introduced. The experimental part depicts the individual steps of optimization of the micropreparative isoelectric focusing. The ideal separation procedure was firstly found out on the individual standard proteins, secondly on their mixture and lastly the optimised procedure was applied to a real biological sample. The efficiency of the micropreparative isoelectric focusing was verified by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
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Evaluation of selected dietary supplements - climacterium
Tobolková, Blanka ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
A dietary supplement is a product that contains nutrients (e.g. vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids or fatty acids) intended to supplement the diet. The aim of the diploma thesis was to suggest a prescription for preparation of three types of dietary supplements which are used to reduce of climacteric symptoms, their production and determination of energetic (nutrition) value on account of detected content of proteins, fats and saccharides in dietary supplements. A part of the diploma thesis was to suggest suitable wrapping and price of prepared dietary supplements. The three dietary supplements were used for analyses, namely capsules, herb syrup and herb drops. The content of proteins was determined by Kjeldahl´s method, total fats were determined by Soxhlet extraction and saccharides were determined by titration with potassium permanganate (Bertrand´s method). Dietary supplements in form of capsules were particular analysed on content of heavy metals (lead, cadmium and arsenal). In herbal drops was in addition determined alcohol content (ethanol). There was from the measured data found out, dietary supplement in form of capsules was chosen as the product with the lowest energetic (nutrition) value.
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Analysis of low-molecular proteins in barley by the SDS-PAGE method during malting
Myslivcová, Pavla ; Svoboda, Zdeněk (referee) ; Mikulíková, Renata (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of low molecular weight proteins in barley during malting by SDS-PAGE method. Attention was paid to PR proteins, specifically LTP proteins and thionins, considered to be connected with gushing effect. Barley samples, malt intermediates and malt samples taken in 10 consecutive days to cover the whole malting process were used for the experiment. In total, 5 samplings were used for the analysis. Proteins extracted from the samples were separated by SDS-PAGE using a Tris-tricine buffer system. The protein lines of LTP proteins and thionins were identified in the resulting gels. The relative optical density values of the selected protein bands were obtained to assess the effect of malting on these proteins. A similar pattern of change in the content of mentioned low molecular weight proteins during the malting process was observed. This was confirmed by finding a statistically significant positive correlation between the relative optical density values of LTP proteins and thionins. Furthermore, the relationship between the low molecular weight protein content and the gushing potential and the microbiological contamination of the samples was investigated, but was not confirmed.
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Non-traditional sources of proteins and their potential applications
Kubisová, Petra ; Fialová, Lenka (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on choosing the non-traditional sources of proteins, their characterization and subsequently its potential applications in diet of sportsmen. The theoretical part is focused on specification of importance of proteins in nutrition, description of different available protein supplements for sportsmen and essential characterization of chosen samples. The practical part of this bachelor thesis is focused on analysis of proteins, sacharides and lipids in samples. Nutritional components were analysed by different methods such as spectrophotometric methods, electrophoresis, gas chromatography etc.
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