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Predictive distribution modelling of selected bryophyte species in Bohemian Switzerland National Park
Procházková, Martina ; Man, Matěj (advisor) ; Moudrý, Vítězslav (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to create potential distribution models for Dicranum majus (Greater Fork Moss) and Polytrichum alpinum (Alpine Haircap) in Bohemian Switzerland National Park. In the Czech Republic these bryophyte species occur in cold climatic regions typically with higher altitudes. In Bohemian and Saxon Switzerland they can occur in really low altitudes thanks to unique microclimatic conditions of deep inversion ravines. These bryophyte species had low number of occurence records in studied area before the start of my research (4 occurence localities for Dicranum majus, 8 occurence localities for Polytrichum alpinum). Predictive habitat suitability models can be an effective tool for selecting potential new occurence localities, planning field research or management design. During field research I recorded 34 new occurence localities for Dicranum majus and 29 new occurence localities for Polytrichum alpinum in Bohemian Switzerland National Park. I used 8 topographic parameters derived from digital elevation model with 1 m resolution as environmental data. Using these data I created models of potential distribution of the most suitable habitats for both species with algorithms Artificial neural networks (ANN), Generalised linear model (GLM) and Random forest (RF). RF algorithm had the...
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Microclimate as a driver of species distribution and community composition of bryophytes compared with lichens
Růžičková, Anna ; Man, Matěj (advisor) ; Starosta, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of microclimate on species distribution and composition of bryophyte and lichen communities. It defines the term microclimate, characterizes the specific properties of bryophytes responsible for their sensitivity to microclimatic conditions and includes a comparison of the role of individual microclimatic factors in controlling the distribution of bryophytes and lichens. The key microclimatic factors for bryophytes are humidity and air temperature, but the significance of each varies between functional groups of species and depending on the type of biome. With the available portable measuring devices with large battery capacity and memory storage, it is now possible to measure in-situ microclimate for the long-term and also with high spatial and temporal resolution. Despite that, there are currently only 12 bryological studies that provide continuously measured field microclimatic data on small spatial scales. The main part of the thesis summarizes these studies and compares the methodologies used. The paper can serve as a starting material for designing bryological microclimatic studies.
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Overview of the fossil bryophytes of the Cretaceous and Tertiary of Bohemian Massif
Veselá, Veronika ; Kvaček, Zlatko (advisor) ; Kvaček, Jiří (referee)
The bachelor thesis summarizes the findings about previously described and published findings of bryophytes from the period of Cretaceous and Tertiary on the territory of the Bohemian Massif. It contains a chapter with current knowledge of taxonomy and life strategies of bryophytes, used to approach the studied groups. Part of the thesis is dedicate to the brief characteristics of the geological settings of locations with known findings of fossil bryophyte. Those locations are situated mainly in the České středohoří Mountains, the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin and the Českobudějovická Basin. For example and comparison are involved also two locations from Outer Western Carpathian. There are only two liverwort species (Notothylacites filiformis and Riccia cf. fluitans) and a few mosses (Hypnum heppii, Muscites sp.) described so far. Because of partial preservation of most of the findings any detailed systematical attribution remains ambiquous. The thesis has purely review character and is supposed to become a basis for further research and study. Key words: Bryophyta, Czech Cretaceous and Tertiary, review
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Bryophytes distribution modelling
Procházková, Martina ; Man, Matěj (advisor) ; Fialová, Lucie (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize recent knowledge about Species Distribution Modelling in botany, focusing on bryophytes. Species Distribution Modelling is used to explain the relationship between species occurrences and environmental conditions of their habitats. This method has unused potential in bryophytes compared to vascular plants. The distribution of bryophytes is influenced by their dispersal and ecological characteristics. The most important factor is a close association between bryophytes and microclimatic conditions of their habitats. This association is studied, but is not yet incorporated in the modelling process along with using data in an appropriate scale. Currently there is an increased interest in bryophytes distribution modelling. In Europe, there are some studies using this method for bryophytes mainly in Iberian Peninsula, Italy and northern Europe. There are approximately 25 articles focused on bryophytes distribution modelling worldwide. This method can be used for ecological niche modelling, in biogeography and for prediction of distribution in future climate. The use of bryophytes distribution modelling for their conservation is also significant. Bryophytes distribution models can successfully predict potential distribution of rare or endangered species and...
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Natural sources and sinks of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in the spruce forest ecosystem
Štangelová, Pavla ; Tesařová, Eva (advisor) ; Pavlík, Milan (referee)
Biogeochemical cycle of chlorine, particularly the formation of organically bound chlorine is still not well understood. In continental ecosystems chlorides act as source of chlorine, and also as a stress factor. Chlorides originate from precipitation of marine cloud masses. Organically bound chlorine in the environment is formed naturally by biotical and abiotical way. The biotical factors are microorganisms, plants, soil enzymes and animals. Volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons (VOCl) represent one group of organically bound chlorines. Several volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons reacts with atmospheric ozone, consequently causing depletion of the ozone layer. The most important known terrestrial source of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons is the spruce forest ecosystem. Chlorine in the soil can be transformed by microorganisms into organically bound chlorine or translocated by transpiration stream in plants, where they are also transformed enzymatically into organically bound chlorine, and both of them can be emitted into the atmosphere. Too large amounts of chloride can affect the physiological functions of plants. In this thesis experiments were designed for measuring the natural emissions of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons from plants and fungi, with various periods of incubation, and also to...
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Botanical Illustration - Bryophytes
Kolářová, Martina ; Novotný, Petr (advisor) ; Hrouda, Lubomír (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with Bryophyta studies as a part of curriculum at primary schools as well as at lower and upper grammar schools. It determines the field of studies and the expected outcomes in the Human and Nature subject matter, it searches for the link between bryophyta and cross-sectional topics. The relation of pupil's key competences to bryophyta is being reflected, too. It compares the subject range of Bryophyta in school books. Furthermore, the thesis sums up the history of botanical illustration in the world as well as in our country, it inquires into basic rules of botanical illustration and line drawing techniques. The contemporary field guides are completed by the means of the research of students' books, popular and specialist literature and internet portals. Based on the theoretical part, this diploma thesis determines the teaching methodology of bryophyta drawing. The list of bryophyta, which are suitable for line drawings and usable as a teaching aid, is based on the practical part of this diploma thesis. 43 author's drawings with uniform measuring scale are attached.
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Bryological Oriented Excursion in the Dolský mlýn Area
Davídková, Markéta ; Novotný, Petr (advisor) ; Skýbová, Jana (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to carry out an analysis of primary school textbooks considering bryophytes and bracken, as well as to plan a biological excursion in the area of Dolský Mlýn which would include mapping the terrain. The sixth chapter contains the analysis of nine textbooks from different publishing houses. I have compared them in terms of the number of pages dedicated to bryophytes and bracken and in terms of the number of stated bryophytes and bracken representatives. I have also compared whether the textbooks are provided by workbooks, methodological guides and other material, which could variegate biology and natural history teaching. The seventh chapter characterises the location. Mapping of the terrain for the planned excursion took place in September 2012. I chose fourteen suitable sites which are were easily accessible. The eight chapter includes methodical instructions of the excursion for teachers, worklists and the key to determining types of bryophytes. The practical verification of my thesis took place in April 2013 during an excursion of seventh grade pupils from the school ZŠ a MŠ Děčín IV. Laboratory training, which represents an integral part of the excursion took place in March due to unfavorable chmate conditions. Pupils determined mosses of genus Merike according to their...
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The difference in the content of Ca and Mg of moss Hypnum cupressiforme on two types of rock, serpentinite and granulite
Paštyka, David ; Kocourková, Jana (advisor) ; Chrastný, Vladislav (referee)
Most of plants are negatively affected by specific characteristics of serpentine. It is mainly due to the low ratio of Ca: Mg, drought and high content of heavy metals. Specific vegetation occurs on the serpentine thanks to these characteristics. Although many scientists looked into the topic of serpentine, mosses were not focused that much. This research is dedicated to the difference in the content of moss Hypnum cupressiforme on serpentine and granulite in south Bohemia.
This theses found out that bryophytes of serpentine contained significantly higher amounts of magnesium. Ca: Mg ratio was lower in plants at serpentine sites than at control sites. Calcium has been accumulated by mosses on the serpentine and granulite almost equally, on serpentine, magnesium was accumulated 13 times less and nickel 7 times less. Serpentine plants contained significantly higher amounts of nickel and chromium than granulite.
More accurate conclusions would probably bring chemical analyzes of individual parts of bryophytes and analysis of its subsoil. It would be interesting to include pleurocarp and acrocarp mosses and liverworts.
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Biology of epiphytic bryophytes: methods of study
Reitschmiedová, Erika ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Novozámská, Eva (referee)
This thesis is aimed to provide basic description and summary of methods used to study biology/ecology of bryophytes, especially epiphytes. Described methods include study of mosses and liverworts; hornworts are not included due to the fact that their epiphytic form is not known. There are five chapters in this thesis, all of them are primarily focused on description of basic or most useful methods for studying phenology, growth, bioindication and environmental conditions, e.g. light and water relationship measurement as well as bark pH measurement. The last one, "Forms and Strategies", is only terminological and it includes terms of life and growth forms and life strategy which are used in studying colonies of bryophytes.
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Aspects of reproduction biology of the moss \kur{Helodium blandowii}
BRADÁČOVÁ, Jitka
Regeneration from stem and branch fragments of the moss Helodium blandowii was examined in common garden and field experiments. The treatments included one cm long terminal stem fragments and branches of one cm and half cm length with and without the terminal and their regeneration was observed in course of 3 months in the common garden experiment and 15 months in the field. Dynamics of Helodium patches was observed in course of 2 years in permanent plots of the nature reserve Ruda. Genetic stucture of all recent Czech populations of Helodium blandowii was investigated and compared with a pilot survey of populations from Scandinavia and Lithuania using the microsatellite markes developed for this study.
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