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Conflict in Libya in the Theories of Media and Politics
Kmošena, Jakub ; Křeček, Jan (advisor) ; Nečas, Vlastimil (referee)
Diploma thesis is concerned with the topic of relations between modern media and foreign policy. In a general context of this relation, we focused on the theory of CNN effect, describing it causes and particular manifestations mutual media and policy interactions. We try to analyze CNN effect on single case of armed conflict in Libya and its media coverage by influential American daily papers. By combination of existing scientific methods, we created adapted research method for our case, which is based on quantitative content analyses of all published articles with main topics - armed conflict in Libya - in the period of 33 days till the adoption of Security Council resolution. Main variables of our research was the date of publishing, articles range, section in newspaper and especially "value direction" of article in favor or not in favor of armed intervention to Libya. Analyses of media coverage of this topic were then confronted with factual analyses of topic in same time period. Results of our research confirmed potential relation between media coverage and US state department decision to intervene in Libya conflict. For absolute causality confirmation between these two variables would be necessary much more extensive research. Additional output of this research was confirmation of partial...
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The Concept of Responsibility to Protect in the conflicts in Libya and Syria
Kotrčová, Barbora ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this work is to determine whether the concept of Responsibility to Protect is able to explain why in case of the Syrian civil conflict the international community did not intervene in a similar manner as it did in Libya. Primarily, the theoretical framework is defined using the concept of Responsibility to Protect. In order to answer the research question, all criteria applied in the analysis were operationalized in accordance with the Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty and the Outcome Document from 2005. At the same time, concept of state sovereignty and humanitarian intervention is designed. Although the conflicts in Libya and Syria started simultaneously in 2011 during the rule of authoritarian regimes, the intrastate situations were not identical. Based on the analysis of two case studies, I came to the conclusion that the concept of Responsibility to Protect is able to sufficiently explain the different reaction of the international community, which confirmed my hypothesis. Specifically, it is the principle of right authority, which was not fulfilled in Syria, while it is necessary to note the criterion of reasonable prospect becomes with the gradual development of the conflict more and more problematic. In contrast, the intervention in...
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Rusian approach to military intervention under the "Responsibility to Protect" principle
Prokopová, Barbora ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, the Russian Federation plays an important role in the debate over humanitarian interventions. These are defined by the Responsibility to Protect principle that allows international military intervention into internal political crisis of other countries in case the security of civilian population is in danger. Russia sent its army to Georgia in 2008 and Crimea in 2014 referring to this principle. However, it was Russia's reluctance to approve any intervention that governed the diplomatic negotiations during the Libyan civil war in 2011. The importance of the problem of various understanding of the R2P principle by different world powers is still crucial and is also clearly visible on the ongoing conflict in Syria. This thesis focuses on the approach of the Russian Federation to the Responsibility to Protect principle. It determines general factors that influence the issue of humanitarian intervention in the framework of Russian foreign policy, and puts Russian attitude to the overall context of the discussion about this principle. The thesis confirms the assumption that the R2P principle has become a Russian foreign policy instrument, which has been misused within the Russian sphere of interest and used to obstruct the interventions initiated by the...
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Peacekeeping Operations within the System of Collective Security
Popel, Martin ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Faix, Martin (referee)
of the Thesis: Peacekeeping Operations within the System of Collective Security The Thesis is developed on the basis of empirical-analytical approach is also used content analysis of documents and the comparative method. The Thesis is divided into three main parts. The first deals with the concept gradually collective security, the development of universal international organizations and is devoted to peacekeeping operations within the UN. I deal with here in particular the development of these missions from the beginning to the present. The first part is devoted to regional organizations and their contributions in the framework of collective security with regard to the guiding role of the UN. The intent of this section is to show the development of the concept of collective security and to highlight current issues related to security policy. The emphasis is on recent developments in the European area, especially on the development of common foreign and security policy. In the second part of the thesis I'm processing the case study, which concerns the conflict in Libya, which erupted in February 2011 and which created an interesting precedent. The third section describes the role of the Czech Republic in the system of collective security, legal and non-legal reasons for the deployment of Czech...
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Comparison of NATO and EU Decision Making Processes about Intervention in Libya
Černá, Marina ; Čížek, Martin (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the comparison of preparedness and the ability of NATO and EU organizations to decide whether to participate in the intervention on the example of the crisis in Libya. The aim is to investigate why the EU has failed to develop a joint plan for intervention in Libya, and what on the other hand has made NATO differently in order to take over the intervention later. Within these two organizations, the work focuses on their member states and how they have influenced the decision-making process. In the EU, I focused on France, Great Britain, and Germany. The first two countries are being explored as actors promoting intervention and I am focusing on their joint cooperation and different attitudes to NATO-led work. While UK officials welcomed the unification of the operation under the command of the Alliance, representatives of France were reluctant to do so. Germany is examined in the work as an actor with a different outcome of the decision-making process that led to the rejection and criticism of intervention. The German refusal is described as one of the factors why the EU did not participate and did not lead the intervention. Within NATO, I focus on the United States, their decision-making process and their influence on the takeover of alliance intervention. I analyze...
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Security Policy of the EU towards the Maghreb: Promoting Democracy or Stability?
Holík, Jiří ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
This graduate thesis analyses the EU security policy towards the Maghreb between 2005 and 2010. It does so in order to ascertain to what extent the level of practical policy corresponds with the level of declarations. Also, by using the promotion of democratic governance in the Maghreb countries under the ENP as s case study, the thesis means to challenge the proposition that European Union can be described as a 'Normative Power'. First chapter briefly presents the concept of 'Normative Power Europe'. Following section looks at the European Security Strategy and localizes the primary position of the goal of democracy promotion in the document. Third part gives an overview of the European policy towards the Mediterranean under which EU relations with the Maghreb have been framed. Most attention is paid to the European Neighbourhood Policy. Next chapter examines the level of practical EU policy. It consists of three separate case studies of European policy towards Tunisia, Morocco and Libya between 2005 and 2010. The fifth and final part qualitatively analyses the way four factors (trade, energy, migration and terrorism) contributed to the structuring of relations of Tunisia, Morocco and Libya with Spain, France and Italy. The thesis arrives at the conclusion that while at the declaratory level the EU strives...
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China's energy security and policy towards Africa
Harmašová, Natálie ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Karmazin, Aleš (referee)
The goal of the thesis was to shed light on the ways in which the People's Republic of China secures its energy security and identify the role of Chinese investments in Africa. The economic development results in increased demand for energy resources. In 1993 China became a net oil importer. Conceptualization of energy security in China consists in strengthening relations with oil-rich countries. In certain areas such as industry, transportation and military oil represents for now to that extent of use an irreplaceable source of energy. Therefore I will focus on activities of the People's Republic of China. More specifically, I will focus on investment activities of China in Sudan/South Sudan and Libya. Compared to the West, China seems to be a convenient business partner as it abides by the noninterference into another state's affairs rule. The rationale behind this principle is that every state has a right to choose its model of governance development while taking into consideration its unique conditions. Additionally, China puts emphasis on mutual benefits of South-South cooperation and does not condition investments with the request for changes in political system and banking sector of a recipient state. China chooses its partner countries based on political and stability and state of security...
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French policy in Libya after overthrowing Gaddafi: security consolidation or democratization?
Mistrík, Peter ; Najšlová, Lucia (advisor) ; Weiss, Tomáš (referee)
The English school of international relations claims that the national interests of states and their behaviour in international relations are not only driven by selfish motives, but the so- called enlightened self-interest as well. The functioning of the community of the states is governed by common rules, laws, values and interests. According to the Solidarist current of the English school it is even acceptable to limit the sovereignty of the state which seriously violates international standards such as the protection of human rights. A discrepancy between the protection of the states' sovereignty and the protection of the rights of individuals was bridged by the Responsibility to protect doctrine adopted at the UN World Summit in 2005. This doctrine has served France and other states intervening in Libya as a support of the legality of their cause. However, the doctrine does not address the conditions of the intervention solely. It also delegates a responsibility to rebuild the war-torn countries to the interventionists. Therefore, it is an appropriate tool for the evaluation of the interests and motivations that have shaped the policies and activities of France in Libya. The analysis suggests that the primary motivation of France has undergone a fundamental change during the course of...
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The role of the civil society in the transformation of Egypt, Libya and Tunisia
Jiránková, Adéla ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
Diploma thesis focuses on the role of the Civil Society in the processes of transition to democracy as a part of the possible democratization wave in the Middle East also know as the Arab Spring. For the purposes of the thesis the author examines three case studies of countries with successful revolutions - Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia. Using the method of process-tracing with focus on the path-dependency it traces the changes in the dynamics of the Civil Society in the pre-revolutionary period, concretely during Mubarak's regime in Tunisia, Qaddafi's rule in Libya, and Ben Ali's regime in Tunisia, through the revolutions to the post-revolutionary period. Moreover, the main assumption is that the initial non- democratic regimes have been significantly influencing the transformation process of all three countries and this also applies to the Civil Society as such. The Civil Society, in this thesis, is based on two paradigms. The first is based on the liberal modernization framework and the second is connected with stagnation and socio-economic deprivation. This unique combination contributed to the transformation of Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia. The dynamics of the Civil Society is then determined by several factors, which are: Civil Society organizations, social media and networks, youth education, economic...
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Uprising in Libya: "The Al-Jazeera Effect"
Hanzal, Jaromír ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Bednařík, Petr (referee)
The bachelor thesis Uprising in Libya: "The Al-Jazeera Effect" uses a quantitative analysis to examine the relationship the Czech printed media has towards the Arab news network Al Jazeera. The preliminary theoretical part is divided into three sections. In the first section, the author presents Al Jazeera as an important actor in the regional and global television news market. The second section summarizes the findings about two interesting phenomenons that aren't unanimously accepted by academic literature - the so called "CNN effect" and the "Al Jazeera effect". The third section then reflects on the current quantitative research that deals with Al Jazeera's news coverage. The core of this thesis rests solely on the quantitative research. The author focused on key events that could be expected to increase the references to the Al Jazeera network. Therefore, the thesis examined two twelve month periods in which international news outlets informed of the events related to the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11th 2001, and of the development of anti-regime uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa collectively labeled as the Arab Spring in 2011. The ten-year gap in between these two periods has given the author a chance to focus particularly on the change in the...
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