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Evaluation of a micromethod for isolation of DNA from plant leaf, fruit and fruit products
Balažovičová, Nikola ; Rittich, Bohuslav (referee) ; Kovařík, Aleš (advisor)
The thesis has been focused on testing of micromethod of DNA isolation from leaves, fruits and fruit products. Jams were selected for the analysis of plant DNA in technologically processed foods. Plant leaves, fruits, and jams were homogenized using plastic copist in a lysis buffer containing 2% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with 2.5M sodium chloride (NaCl). Microisolation of plant DNA was performed using poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate-co-glycidylmethacrylate) – P(HEMA-co-GMA)microparticles. Isolated the DNA concentration and purity were assessed by UV light aborbance using a spectrophotometer. After that, amplification of the DNA was tested in PCR. Primers specific for plant ribosomal DNA: 18S_for a 5,8S_rev (PCR product - 700bp), 26S_for a 26S_rev (PCR product - 220 bp), 18S_for a 18¬S_rev (PCR product - 263 bp) were used. The PCR conditions were optimized and the effect of the amplicon length on its detection was followed. PCR products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. It was shown that DNA isolated from almost all of leaves using magnetic particles was in PCR-ready quality in contrary to the fruits. DNA amplified in PCR with primers giving short PCR products was isolated from almost all tested jams. The method must be optimalised, yet.
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Fortification of selected cereal products
Hurtová, Jana ; RNDr.Renata Mikulíková, Ph.D. (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Present diploma thesis describes the study of bioactive compounds in the cereals. The work is focused on possible fortification of cereal products in order to increase nutritional value of final products which is reduced during the food processing and storage. Cereal grains are rich in several phenolic compounds, vitamins and minerals that reduce the risk of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was the preparation and analysis of model fortified cereals using lyophilized fruit originating from Czech Republic. A comparative analysis of content of bioactive substances in commercial and fortified products for children was performed too. The experimental part deals with a content of individual flavonoids by RP-HPLC/UV/VIS method, spectrophotometric determination of total and reducing saccharides and analysis of mono- and disaccharides by the HPLC/RI method as well. Differences in the content of individual flavonoids and saccharides after the application of acid hydrolysis of samples were investigated. The content of these compounds increased in most products because of their release from glycosidic forms. Presence of phenolics was confirmed in all analyzed cereals. Addition of 10% of lyophilized fruit/vegetable preparative (carrot, berries, apples) caused several fold increase of phenolics content in model mixtures. In commercially available cereal products there are relatively high differences in total phenolics content, proportionally to fruit component amount. The work included the spectrophotometric analysis of total polyphenols and flavonoids in a model physiological environment (artificial stomach juice) in which the hydrolysis of bound phenolic compounds occurred. The results of this study show that addition of lyophilized fruit seems to be a good way to increase the nutritional value and maintain the content of bioactive compounds in cereal products.
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Sušárny ovoce v přidružené lesní výrobě
Peterka, Lukáš
The aim of this final thesis is to emphasize the advantages of using classic drying ovens in order to find out what types of drying ovens exist, describe them, and propose an optimal solution. The work is focused on the construction of old dryers that do not need electricity or other fossil energetic sources, possible to be built on owned or leased land. Based on the gained knowledge, the alternative proposal was designed and can be adapted and can be adapted to the time, financial and also professional requirements of its implementation. The work contains a small analysis of the purchased products associated with forest industry. The economic aspect is also taken into account in order to get an awareness of costs and possible profits. The goal is therefore to provide the inspiration for an alternative or additional use for the owners of small or a larger forest lands. The main contribution of this work is the alternative design of the dryer, its budget and plan, which is possible to implement for a better farming management.
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Zhodnocení podnikatelského prostředí s návrhem na zkvalitnění a vyšší komercializaci produktů z oblasti Arba Minch v Etiopii
Stojanović, Jovana
The presented master thesis deals with the analysis of the business environment of the fruit market in southern Ethiopia. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the current status of the business environment of selected products and suggest its improvement in the Arba Minch district. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is focused on the business environment in general, and the basic characteristics of Ethiopia (economic, social, cultural, and political). It also deals with the importance of the agricultural sector of Ethiopia (structure, production, problems, etc.). Part of the thesis is devoted to the description of the Arba Minch district of interest and development projects. The practical part evaluates the overall quality of the business environment of Ethiopia. Furthermore, the practical part is based on the results of a self-administered questionnaire survey among Ethiopian businessmen and farmers involved in fruit sales or production in the study area.
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Metody nanášení hydrogelů na povrch ovoce a zeleniny
Hrabová, Martina
The aim of this thesis was to develop a methodology for applying biopolymer mixtures directly onto the surface of selected fresh foods, fruits and vegetables, and to evaluate the prospects of biopolymer mixtures based on egg white. The theoretical part of this thesis outlines the issue of the packaging industry and the causes of food spoilage. Furthermore, methods for the application of biopolymeric coatings and films on a laboratory scale are described and natural polymers are summarized. In the experimental part of the thesis, the most suitable coating mixture was selected regarding the evaluation of strawberry and cucumber samples’ coating made of different biopolymeric mixtures. For this coating mixture, the samples of fruit and vegetable were subjected to analysis by near infrared spectroscopy.
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Stanovení biologicky aktivních látek v čerstvých ovocných šťávách
Františová, Gabriela
Fruit is a valuable source of biologically active compounds. These compounds are often contained in minor amounts. A large proportion in fruit is made up of carbohydrates. In this work, the contents of vitamin C, polyphenols, flavonoids, glucose, fructose and sucrose in fresh fruit juices were determined. Aronia, strawberries, josta, raspberries, blackberries, white and blue grapes, white and red currants were obtained from a private garden, blueberries were collected in the wild. The vitamin C and carbohydrate concentrations were determined using HPLC. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were measured using spectrophotometry. Of the biologically active compounds, polyphenols were the most abundant in the fruit juices. The highest contents of polyphenols and flavonoids were detected in aronia (7905.81 ± 622.65 mg/l and 4714.82 ± 667.37 mg/l). Josta was the most significant source of vitamin C (721.90 ± 1.79 mg/l). Fructose in white grapes was the highest concentrated compound (93.81 ± 3.74 g/l). The highest glucose content was detected in aronia (83.95 ± 4.80 g/l) and white grapes (90.94 ± 3.48 g/l). Sucrose was detected in strawberries, gooseberries and raspberries.
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Food as Representation: Multimodal Analysis of Food Photos on Czech Instagram
Peschková, Jana ; Váša, Ondřej (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to investigate how food can function as a sign, how it can represent certain values and what connotations can be associated with it. Food is currently a widespread phenomenon that acquires other meanings in addition to its basic biological function. This thesis will focus on investigating how food works within culture and what connotations are associated with it. The analysis is focused on photos of Czech food bloggers. Photos shared on social networks contain more layers of meaning than is apparent at first glance. The thesis is based on visual analysis, it focuses on individual signs, but also on the contradictions that arise as a result of their use. The thesis examines representation, which is why a parallel with the tradition of depicting food in still life is also included here. Other attributes examined in terms of food are the connection with leisure time, social status and gender. The first part of the thesis is devoted to food as a symbol and its placement in the various areas of culture. The central part of the thesis is the analysis. The default method is multimodal analysis of Instagram accounts. The thesis focuses on the Czech environment. Despite the fact that the analysis is based on photos, the context is also taken into account, i.e. the author of the...
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The influence of storage time on authentication of plant-based foods
Trödlerová, Martina ; Šislerová, Lucie (referee) ; Fialová, Lenka (advisor)
Fruit baby foods and purees belong among adulterated food, due to the prices of materials for their production. More expensive ingredients are replaced by cheaper, lower quality ones. This bachelor thesis deals with influence of storage time on the determination of samples authenticity The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the chemical composition of fruit (especially apples and peaches), production technology and methods of determining authenticity. In the experimental part, model samples were prepared and DNA was isolated from them. Then, using two different primer pairs, this DNA was amplified by real-time PCR and a specific product was detected by analyzing melting curves. On gel electrophoresis, it was possible to confirm the presence of these specific products. The last method was HPLC, where phenolic substances were analyzed.
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The influence of polysaccharide contamination on molecular-biology analysis
Žylková, Kateřina ; Strečanská, Paulína (referee) ; Fialová, Lenka (advisor)
The presence of polysaccharides in DNA isolation and its subsequent analysis often leads to undesirable effects. Polysaccharides together with other metabolites (phenolics, proteins) can act as inhibitors of PCR. In this work, the effect of polysaccharide contamination on the analyzed DNA was investigated. In the experimental part, DNA samples were isolated from two exotic fruits (mango, banana), from which the concentration of polysaccharides was then determined. The analysis showed that by adding CaCl2, the polysaccharide content of the samples was significantly lower. After checking the amplification of the DNA samples with added CaCl2, it was found that CaCl2 itself inhibited PCR and therefore had to be removed from the samples. After purification, the amplification of the DNA was reverified and it was found that the DNA with CaCl2 after purification gave the best results. These results were further verified by agarose gel electrophoresis, which confirmed that a reduction in the polysaccharide content of the samples helped DNA amplification. It was also observed that it depends on the type of polysaccharides present in the source plant material. Banana DNA showed better amplification results than mango DNA. This is due to the different chemical composition of these fruits. Banana, unlike mango, does not contain polysaccharides that would significantly contaminate the isolated DNA.
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The use of HPLC technique in the analysis of phenolic compounds in plant material of fruit trees
Adamcová, Anežka ; Šatínský, Dalibor (advisor) ; Sklenářová, Hana (referee) ; Vávra, Radek (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Candidate: Mgr. Anežka Adamcová Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Dalibor Šatínský, Ph.D. Title of the Dissertation Thesis: The use of HPLC technique in the analysis of phenolic compounds in plant material of fruit trees Although fruits are well studied and known for their high content of antioxidants and positive health benefits, the main aim of the presented dissertation thesis consists in the characterization of biological active compounds in individual parts of fruit tree material (leaves, bark, buds, flowers, and wood chips). The theoretical part is focused on fruit trees and the characterization of phenolic compounds. Their properties and the effects based on current scientific studies are shown. A large part of thesis is dealing with the chromatographic methods for the separation of phenolic substances including the current trends. The extraction process is also included. The practical part deals with the validation and development of screening HPLC-DAD method for the analysis of monitored phenolic compounds (phloridzin, phloretin, chlorogenic acid, quercitrin, rutin, arbutin, 1,5-dicafeoylquinic acid, and 3,5-dicafeoylquinic acid) in individual parts of fruit trees. The main objective of this thesis is to...
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