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Late Antique Person in the Perspective of Authors Writing in Latin
Lepeška, Jan ; Pinc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Bouzek, Jan (referee) ; Doležalová, Lucie (referee)
PhD thesis abstract: Late Antique Person in the Perspective of Authors Writing in Latin author: PhDr. Jan L e p e š k a advisor: doc. PhDr. Zdeněk P i n c, CSc. This PhD thesis - "Late Antique Person in the Perspective of Authors Writing in Latin" - discusses the late antique society with an emphasis on the historical role of the Goths. The main goal is to try to gain a new understanding of the cultural life of the Goths through translation and commentary to the letters of the bishop Sidonius Apollinaris and his (almost) contemporaries. His texts provide the reader with insights on the behavior and conduct of the Gothic nobility, everyday life of the royal court, customs, dining and many other aspects of cultural life of the Goths. Sidonius' view, however, sometimes seems biased. That is why the thesis presents also the views of other selected late antique historians, whose works dealt with the Goths (Ammianus Marcellinus, Jordanes, Zosimos and Procopius of Caesarea), in order to create a deeper comparison of the views of the individual Roman authors. The thesis also attempts to offer a constructive view on the historical role of the Goths in shaping a new, medieval Europe, using the knowledge of both older and contemporary academics. The main outputs of the thesis are: an analysis and commentary on the...
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Surveillance and Ethics
Slavíček, Daniel ; Pinc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee) ; Fulka, Josef (referee)
The theme of the dissertation is surveillance. Its aim is to answer the following question: up to what extend do we live in a society, which may be described as a surveillance society. For this purpose it defines, what is meant by surveillance, how surveillance evolved through history, which theories relevantly describe this phenomenon and in which spheres surveillance is notable. The dissertation introduces the main theories of the multi-disciplinary field of surveillance studies, which has been developing over the last twenty years. Special attention is focused on CCTV systems. At the same time, the thesis focuses on ethical problems of surveillance, i.e. privacy, discrimination, social exclusion, transparency and responsibility.
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"Lost Ideas of Middle Age and Lify Cycle of Idea in Middle Age"
Koutský, Karel ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pinc, Zdeněk (referee) ; Janko, Jan (referee)
1 ABSTRACT This work consists of two parts. The first one, "Lost Ideas of Middle Age" has a character of an auxiliary study and does not hold any particular scientific ambitions. It serves as a reservoir for monitored case out of history of science in its widest meaning. Good deal of attention is dedicated to so called blind alleys of science, too (therefore "Lost Ideas"), as they are considered an important source. This wide scope was necessary due to the task of the second part of the work, i.e. tracking and identification of evolutionary processes of ideas/"memes" in medieval natural philosophy. Even those ideas, that do not directly share on "pedigree" of thesis claimed by modern science, were subject to evolution and in effect, even their death or degeneration should be of an interest. Another reason for chosen wide scope was a question of proper context. Medieval philosophers were interested in general questions and any particular problematic they were interested in was related to the "big picture". Medieval universe felt a bit like a living organism where every single part played its specific role in supporting harmony of the whole - in contrast to modern science which disintegrates into number of ever more specialised branches with increasing tendency to lose ability to communicate among themselves....
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Ethics of travel: Ethical aspects of the adventurous journeys of exceptional Czech travelers - explorers among the Indians of South America
Triantafyllakis, Spyridon ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Kandert, Josef (referee) ; Pinc, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis is a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of traveling from an ethical point of view. The analysis focuses mainly on the ethical aspects of individual travels of European travelers with regards to cultural contact with different people and also taking into consideration the European tradition of travel. Based on this analysis, an ethical framework is proposed as a tool of interpretation of selected texts that reflect the travel adventures of exceptional Czech travelers, such as A. V. Frič, J. Hanzelka and M. Zikmund, M. Zelený among the Indians of South America. The above mentioned Czech travelers described their travel experiences in the form of ethnographic travelogues and other texts. The aim of this study was, by analysing certain parts of selected ethnographic texts of these Czech travelers - explores, to reveal their individual ethical reflections of the experienced adventures and to interpret it. I have attempted to describe each studied Czech traveler's specific ethical approach to "otherness" in the extreme conditions of their adventures among the Indians of South America. Keywords: Ethics of travel, traveling - ethical aspects, traveling - intercultural contact, A. V. Frič, J. Hanzelka and M. Zikmund, M. Zelený, travel adventures among Indians.
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The role of spontaneous volunteers in the dynamic humanitarian system
Smejkal, Richard ; Pinc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Sokol, Jan (referee) ; Murgaš, Jaromír (referee)
Increasingly, we hear that the humanitarian system has exhausted its potential and is over the abyss. The volume of funds, the number of humanitarian organizations and the number of rescued people are growing year after year. Nevertheless, the gap between needs and real humanitarian assistance is steadily increasing. Traditional humanitarian actors have been unsuccessfully looking for ways to repair the system that once worked well. Attempts at financial and institutional reform fail, and the debate on humanitarian principles annoys the main actors. This work shows that the traditional humanitarian system is only a part of the larger ecosystem of humanitarian assistance, and analyzes the external influences it fails to cope with in the last decade, and why minor repairs and corrections are not enough and a new system architecture is needed. The author identifies new humanitarian actors with whom the traditional system does not count and points to spontaneous volunteers as a group with dynamic potential and ability to create a parallel system to professional disaster and emergency managers. Since it is an undervalued and overlooked actor, the author refines the definition of spontaneous volunteering. Using the case studies of the Cajun Navy in Louisiana (U.S.) and the confessions of medical rescuers...
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The Humanist Virtuoso : Beginnings, Idea and Illustration of Hume's experimental philosophical anthropology in Treatise of Human Nature
Kunca, Tomáš ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (advisor) ; Pinc, Zdeněk (referee) ; Zika, Richard (referee)
PhDr. Tomáš Kunca The Humanist Virtuoso: Beginnings, Idea and Illustration of Hume's experimental philosophical anthropology in Treatise of Human Nature UK FHS, Praha 2013 Thesis introduces a concept of "The Humanist Virtuoso" as distinctive feature reflecting Hume's effort to introduce an idea of experimental philosophical anthropology based on study of human nature and manifested in his A Treatise of Human Nature. Concept is justified by three steps, through analysis of the beginnings of Hume's philosophy, explication of his "science of man" idea in Treatise and illustration of this idea in action, as appears in analysis of passions (Book 2). The beginnings of Hume's way to experimental philosophical anthropology are explained thorough interpretation of historical facts connected with his early study at College of Edinburgh. First meetings with culture of science ( both British Christian tradition of experimental philosophy and Newtonian mathematical philosophy) are considered as particularly important. Detailed analysis of pre-Treatise letters (the Letter to Physician and to Michael Ramsey) is provided to make explicit the beginnings of his "science of man" idea, turn to study of human nature. Castration of Treatise is observed and discussed via analysis of his letter to Home (1737). The second...
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Authorship between ethics, law and technology
Kratochvílová, Marie ; Pinc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Sokol, Jan (referee) ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (referee)
AUTHORSHIP BETWEEN ETHICS, LAW AND TECHNOLOGY In the present thesis, I focus on the relation between the concept of authorship and the development of new technologies, linked to the transformation of the ethical paradigm. I focus on the author as a person, on the ethical aspect of authorship and its protection within society, on traditional rules of polite and honest behaviour which are intertwined with the codification of legal protection of the rights of the author. The discussion takes place on two levels which have co-existed since authorship came into existence: one of them is the protection of the rights of authors, including the introduction of copyright, the other is the attempt to infringe on these rights in order to allow for the free sharing of cultural property as well as of the results of scientific work. In the Introduction, I provide an overview of the transformation of the relation between the author and society, between authorship and its legal basis. I focus mainly on its philosophical aspects, reflecting the state of technological development and the situation in society. I follow the differentiation between divine inspiration (claim for the truth) and the concept of authorship (claim for a salary), which first came into prominence toward the end of the archaic period. I...
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Information and education of senior patients in the frame of helth care.
Povolná, Pavla ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Pinc, Zdeněk (referee) ; Vácha, Marek (referee)
Information and education of senior patients in the frame of health care. This thesis focuses on informations providing by health care professionals to the seniors age patients/clients. I describe the contemporary situation in this field in the Czech republic, and define main attributes and conditions according to the historical, social, cultural and moral context in the theoretical part of thesis. I introduce the transmission and the acceptation of the information during the dialogue between a layperson and an expert in two basic levels: level of rules, especially an Inform consent, and level of an ethical discourse. I compare an atmosphere created by law and rules with human reactions, either as medical professionals, or as a patient. For the empirical section of the thesis, I describe and evaluate experiences of patients with information-giving by health care professionals. I have chosen qualitative method for the main body of my empirical research, which consists of semi-structured interviews with 20 patients. The collected data were cathegorised, analysed and then quantified and prepared for interpretation. The thesis includes not only the results of my research, but also examples of encounters with patients during my day-to-day nursing practice. Because the main goal of my thesis was to find...
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Body, Surveillance and Ethics
Charvát, Martin ; Pinc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee) ; Strobachová, Ingrid (referee)
Body, Surveillance and Ethics PhD Thesis Mgr. Martin Charvát, Ph.D. Abstract The aim of my dissertation thesis is to analyze the dispositions of non-normative ethics as presented in works of M. Foucault, G. Deleuze and J. Derrida. My hypothesis is that non- normative ethics must be conceived as an interpretation and thematization of the meaning of the relationship between body, surveillance, event and experiment. What brings together Foucault, Deleuze and Derrida is the critique of externally constituted moral codes that are always creating a historically-economically-polico-socially determined subject, or certain norms of conduction and behaviour that are considered to be "good" or "right". However, the above-mentioned authors have based their conceptions on the belief that the human life should be characterized by freedom, or the potential of articulation of an individual (or his behaviour/action), regardless of external moral determinations. Foucault, Deleuze and Derrida distinguish the possibility of a constant crossing of given institutional and socially grounded constraints, with the goal of the constant shaping of ones live that would not be restricted by normative and prescriptive rules. The theme of freedom is given into context of the experimental self-formation that takes place at the moment of...
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The Application of Ethical Principles in the Development of the Health Care System
Válková, Monika ; Holmerová, Iva (advisor) ; Pinc, Zdeněk (referee) ; Jurašková, Božena (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Fakulta humanitních studií Název oboru Filozofie Disertační práce (obor Aplikovaná etika) Uplatňování etického principu při tvorbě zdravotnického systému The Application of Ethical Principles in the Development of the Health System Mgr. Monika Válková Vedoucí práce: Doc. prim. MUDr. Iva Holmerová, Ph.D. Praha 2013 2 Anotace Disertační práce na téma Uplatňování etického principu při tvorbě zdravotnického systému je zaměřena na etické principy, které se promítaly ve vývoji zdravotnického systému v České republice. Solidarita, spravedlnost , rovnost a právo na zdraví jsou základní etické principy uplatňované ve zdravotnických systémech Z historického hlediska je solidarita nejstarším etickým principem , která měla vliv na utváření jednotlivých typů sociálních států v Evropě. Solidarita je zkoumána z pohledu vývoje sociálního zabezpečení v době nemoci a chudoby. Zdravotnický systém v České republice je hodnocen z hlediska uplatňování etických principů v různých etapách společenského uspořádání země od Rakouska Uherska a ž do současnosti. V praktické části disertační práce byly srovnávány s Českou republikou zdravotnické systémy Švédska a Francie dle etických principů solidarita, spravedlnost, rovnost a právo na zdraví Hlavním cílem disertační práce bylo prokázat na základě vybraných...
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