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Global Changes in Income Distribution: Causes and Impacts
Jančovič, Pavel ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Břízová, Pavla (referee)
Téma bakalárskej práce: Global Changes in Income Distribution: Causes and Impacts Author: Pavel Jančovič Supervisor: doc. Ing. Tomáš Cahlík CSc. Abstract This thesis examines income inequality in the world. The main subject of investigation is the Gini coefficient, which determines the inequality. To measure the Gini coefficient are used different variables that could be empirically influencing. Econometric analysis consists of 34 countries of the world except Africa. Countries are divided into 5 groups. The measured period is between 1991 and 2011.We use the method of least squares, fixed effects and random effects. After performing regressions, results are commented, the best model is chosen, significant and non-significant variables are stated. We test models for heteroscedasticity, first order autocorrelation of the residuals and normality. Afterwards, we point out possible causes of the results. We refer to the countries in which income inequality is not a problem and reduce or stabilize Gini coefficient on low rate. Also we refer to countries, which has rate of the Gini coefficient, or income inequality increased in measured period.
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Education and Crime: A Panel Data Analysis of the Czech Republic
Lin, Hsin-I ; Břízová, Pavla (advisor) ; Hlaváček, Jiří (referee)
This thesis focuses on the relationship between crime and education, as well as macroeconomic and demographic factors such as police efficiency, GDP per capita, employment rate, population density, age and sexual composition of the society. We use the data of fourteen regions of the Czech Republic from 2000 to 2012. First, we apply the fixed-effect model in the data analysis, and further we use GMM for the estimation of new dynamic panel dataset. In addition, taking the possible time effects into account, we also add the time dummies in both regression models. Our finding finds the unexpectedly positive effects of secondary education with A-level exam, GDP per capita and the proportion of population aged 30-59 years old on most of criminal offences. On the other hand, the male ratio in population and the clearance rate are found to influence crimes negatively. Higher education and employment rate are also found to be related negatively with economic crimes. JEL Classification A14, E69, I21, I23, I25, I29, J19, R19 Keywords education, crime, employment, GDP, gender ratio, age, the Czech Republic, panel data, fixed-effect, GMM Author's e-mail cindy1114@livemail.tw Supervisor's e-mail brizova.ies@seznam.cz
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Why should the Czech Republic reform its current policy of financing higher education?
Kadlecová, Pavlína ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Břízová, Pavla (referee)
The Czech Republic has traditionally financed higher education out of general taxation and in the form of per capita funding. This system has led to inef- ficient allocation of funds, long-term underfunding and decreasing quality of education. We present three alternative financing schemes which rely on larger contribution from students: pure student loan, risk-sharing income-contingent loan and risk-pooling income-contingent loan. By using a theoretical model and calibrating it to the Czech reality, we show that financing schemes have significant impact on higher education participation and the quality of accepted students. While pure loan and risk-pooling induce optimal participation, in- ternational experience suggests that risk-sharing is the more feasible option. Keywords Financing schemes for higher education, tax-subsidy funding, income-contingent loans, higher education participation Author's e-mail kadlecova.paja@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail gebicka@fsv.cuni.cz Abstrakt Česká republika financuje vysoké školství tradičně ze státního rozpočtu a ve formě dotací na studenta. Tento systém způsobil, že zdroje nejsou alokovány efektivně, vzdělání je dlouhodobě podfinancováno a jeho kvalita se snižuje. Práce se věnuje třem alternativním způsobům financování: prosté...
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The Effect of Taxation on Education in Poor Countries
Vraná, Veronika ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Břízová, Pavla (referee)
Primary education raises not only the welfare of individuals, but society as a whole. Most of the primary education is financed by state, whose main source of revenues is taxes. Therefore, I aim to capture in this thesis the relationship between taxation and primary education outcomes. I expect that with higher taxes, education expenditure will increase, which should improve the outcomes of primary education. I study this relationship using panel data on low- income and middle-income countries. I try to find the best model and I analyse the changes of outcomes caused by different specification or different indicator for education or taxation. The research finds a moderate effect of taxation (especially income taxes) on education. However, the results are not robust to changes of indicator or specification.
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Determinants of foreign direct investment inflows to China: A Gravity Model Approach
Řezáč, Michal ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Břízová, Pavla (referee)
The main ambition of this thesis is the analysis of factors determining Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows with special focus on evaluating of the role of Chinese institutional framework in this process. Empirical part of the thesis employs random effects method as the main tool for estimation of FDI gravity model. The data set consists of observations of 189 source countries over the 1995-2011 period. The results suggest relatively low sensitivity of the source countries to the institutional factors. Besides the traditional FDI determinants such as gravity variables or cultural ties, the quality of property rights protection, tax burden imposed by government, and investment flow restrictions are found out to be important factors of Chinese FDI inflows. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Europe 2020 Strategy: Are National Goals Reasonable?
Břízová, Pavla ; Šmídková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Martišková, Monika (referee)
The current economic strategy of the European Union - the Europe 2020 Strategy - has defined five measurable Headline Targets to enhance economic growth and allowed the Member States to set their own national numerical values for these targets. This thesis analyses quality of this target setting process. First, it tries to figure out whether the targets have been set better than in the preceding Lisbon Strategy. Second, it examines whether the National Targets have been defined clearly and unequivocally. Third and the most important, based on original empirical analysis, the thesis evaluates whether the National Targets have been determined reasonably with respect to general capacities of individual European economies. The main results reveal that some learning from the Lisbon Strategy has been made, but the quality of the National Targets is insufficient and should be increased. JEL Classification E61, F55, O52 Keywords Europe 2020, strategy, European Union, national targets, empirical analysis, MULTIMOORA, Ratio System of MOORA, Reference point of MOORA, Full Multiplicative Form, Lisbon Strategy Author's e-mail PavlaBrizova@seznam.cz Supervisor's e-mail katerina.smidkova@cnb.cz
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Evaluation of patient satisfaction with perioperative anesthetic care
Břízová, Pavla ; Černý, Vladimír (advisor) ; Mrákava, Vlastimil (referee)
The topic of this thesis is "Evaluation of patient satisfaction with perioperative anaesthesia care." The work is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical section describes the definition of satisfaction from multiple points of view and analyses factors affected satisfaction of patients and psychosocial needs that have a significant impact on the experience of the hospital care. The practical part deals with the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire is focused on the evaluation of patient satisfaction with perioperative anaesthesia care. Questionnaire results are statistically analysed. The aim of this work is to determine the level of satisfaction of patients in the preoperative and postoperative period.
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Nursing Casuistry in Heart Surgery : Plastic Mitral Valve
Břízová, Pavla ; Schützner, Jan (referee) ; Chloubová, Helena (advisor)
Topic of this thesis is " Mitral Valvuloplasty". The thesis has been divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part begins with the classification of heart diseases. Main topic of this thesis is mitral insufficiency - its etiology and pathogenesis, clinical picture, therapy, the possibility of prosthetic valves and post surgery complications. Theoretical part also contains information about the preoperative and post-operative care at cardiac surgery department. The practical part is focused on the qualitative monitoring of the patient by nursing casuistry. The conclusion in form of compiled nursing diagnosis - aims, plans, and realizations - is based on the gathered information. The aims of this thesis are following - to describe the nursing process at the cardiac surgery with the focus on both surgical treatment of mitral valve and treatment of its postoperative complications. The second aim is to compare both preoperative and postoperative care with the cardiac surgery department standards.
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Jak pracovali čeští europoslanci v uplynulém období?
Kovář, Jan ; Břízová, Pavla ; Hofbauerová, Jitka ; Krajník, Jan
Tato studie se zabývá systematickým hodnocením práce českých europoslanců za období od posledních voleb. Konkrétně tedy od počátku sedmého funkčního období až do posledního plenárního zasedání před začátkem zpracování této studie (14. 07. 2009–14. 07. 2013). Navazuje na obdobné odborné práce z jiných států EU a snaží se přinést relevantní argumenty pro rozhodování ve volbách do Evropského parlamentu (EP) v květnu 2014. Nutnost podrobněji sledovat práci europoslanců je úzce svázána se zvyšujícími se pravomocemi EP. Studie pracuje s devíti kvantitativními indikátory činnosti poslanců EP. Jedná se o docházku na plenární zasedání a účast na jmenovitých hlasováních. Dále jsou to počty zpráv předložených zpravodajem, stanovisek (k legislativním návrhům) předložených navrhovatelem, pozměňovacích návrhů, parlamentních otázek (směřovaných na Radu a Komisi), písemných prohlášení, návrhů usnesení, o nichž se hlasuje na plenárním zasedání, a nakonec o počty vystoupení na plenárním zasedání. Tato data jsou následovně zpracována do tabulek a žebříčků, aby poslanci mohli být snadno porovnáni mezi sebou navzájem. Druhým srovnáním je vztažení výsledků českých europoslanců jako celku na kontrolní skupiny – například průměrné hodnoty daných indikátorů pro postkomunistické státy EU nebo původní EU – 15. Výsledky ukazují, že jednotliví čeští europoslanci se ve své pracovní aktivitě na půdě EP výrazně liší. Od velmi aktivních europoslanců, kteří snesou srovnání i s poslanci EU – 15, až po ty, kteří v oblastech vyžadujících větší osobní iniciativu zcela zaostávají a jejich práce se nejeví jako dostatečná. To představuje výrazný argument pro výběr nových kandidátů v příštím roce. Další významné zjištění je, že průměrné hodnoty pro české europoslance se zpravidla nacházejí pod průměry kontrolních skupin, což ještě podtrhává nutnost věnovat v nadcházející předvolební kampani pozornost i otázce pracovní aktivity českých europoslanců, zvláště u těch kandidátů, kteří usilují o znovuzvolení.
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