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Harold Wilson and the change in the attitude towards the EEC between the years 1964-1967
Pažitný, Tomáš ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Pečenka, Marek (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Harold Wilson and the change in the attitude towards the EEC between the years 1964-1967", examines the role and motivation of British prime minister in the fundamental transformation of the foreign policy of the United Kingdom. Compared to the original stance of Harold Wilson in 1964, when he became a prime minister, he shifted his country towards the European Economic Community unprecedented, during his premiership. The bachelor thesis examines importance of various factors in the decision-making process of Harold Wilson, using the interpretative research method. In the main part, this paper chronologically proceeds through domestic political and economic factors, which occurred between the years 1964-1967. Political factors are the turbulent atmosphere in the Labour party and in the Cabinet and economic factors are bad position of sterling and problem with the balance of payments. External factors, such as deterioration of relationships in the Commonwealth, changes in foreign trade and the question of British military commitments in the world, complete these domestic issues. At the end of the thesis, the paper analyzes the decisions made by Harold Wilson in the period of 1964-1967 and assesses their impact on the transformation of the British policy towards the European...
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Racial Segregation in Public Transportation in the United States of America in 1820-1914.
Soudková, Hana ; Nigrin, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pečenka, Marek (referee)
This bachelor thesis describes and explains the reasons for racial segregation in public transportation in the United States of America since 1820, when the first records of racial segregation in New Orleans can be found. Then it outlines the fight of African Americans against racial segregation on railway until the court case of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. Afterwards my thesis employs itself with this case, reasons and circumstances of this case and its process. Lastly my thesis goes into the changes of the tactics of the fight of African Americans against racial discrimination and their fight against the concept of "separate but equal" in public transportation. On the New Orleans example my thesis outlines the emergence of African American movements and their self-awareness. This thesis also shows the development of African American emancipation from the original fight against unequal accommodations till the struggle to end segregation itself. My thesis is trying to describe these changes on a chosen court cases and on certain laws to show a way, which the African Americans went in their struggle for equality. My thesis is trying to confirm or disconfirm hypothesis that white people had no problem with black passengers as long as the domination of white race over the black one was maintained.
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Causes that led Russia to sell Alaska in 1867
Andrš, Vojtěch ; Pečenka, Marek (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
In 1867 Russia sold its only overseas colony on Alaska to United States of America for 7.2 million dollars. This event had been preceded by negotiations with the Americans as well as by debate in Russian politics which have led to the decision to sell. Development of this internal discussion has been influenced by several factors including long-term problems of the colonies, but also current political situation in Russia or in international sphere. In recent years some of the prominent scholars have considered one of those factors or one group of factors as more important than other causes. Aim of this study is to determine if it is really possible to consider one of the causes as the most important. For this purpose this study analyses great amount of various causes and factors, including geographical and demographical problems of the colonies, economic situation in the colonies, political situation in Russia and others. Study also describes development of the internal debate. After the analysis, study ends with consideration that there is no clear evidence that one cause had higher importance than the others. The main conclusion of the text is that whole complex of causes have been essential for the decision to sale and no cause can be certainly determined as the most important.
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Augusto Pinochet's Quest for Power; Chilean Coup 1973
Kunická, Tereza ; Raška, Francis (advisor) ; Pečenka, Marek (referee)
This thesis examines Chilean events and development which led to the military coup and consequent establishment of authoritarian regime directed by Augusto Pinochet in September 1973. The regime used strong repressive policy and there were wide human rights abuse in the country; on the other hand, Pinochet was instrumental in economic stabilization of the state which is the base of contemporary economic situation: Chile is one of the most developed countries in Latin America. Taking into consideration the main aim of this thesis, which is defining the most essential factors leading to successful course of the coup and takeover by Pinochet, significant part of the thesis concentrates on development in Chile at the beginning of the 70's, domestic policy of Allende's regime and general political situation in the country, which is necessary to be aware of for understanding following course of events. Another part offers an overview of events that immediately influenced insurgent atmosphere in the army, an analysis of the coup, which led to the fall of Allende's regime and takeover by Pinochet, can be found in this part as well. Last but not least there are specified the factors which were significant for the positive course of the coup; a relevant part dedicates to the American influence over the...
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Spy activities of Berlin's CIA and its influence on the international status of the US between 1945 and 1961
Motyčková, Hana ; Nigrin, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pečenka, Marek (referee)
Cold War has escalated in the era of the nuclear weapons, which in case of use would mean a total war with an uncertain outcome for each side. Hence, the society saw the dawn of new kinds of weapons. At the time information became an important weapon, too. Therefore intelligence became a valuable resource, the competitors would spend millions of dollars on. As the need for information used for weakening the enemy grew, the number of secret services, spies and espionage operations grew as well. Secret services engaged in development of new spying technologies and kept on infiltrating strategic positions in order to facilitate the espionage. Berlin, situated in the very center of the Soviet occupation zone, became one of these strategic locations for gathering information. The city of Berlin was divided into four zones under the Protocol on Zones of Occupation and Administration of Germany and "Greater Berlin" in 1944, each of them under administration of one of the Allies. Moreover, the city as one whole experienced joint occupation regime. Therefore Berlin became an ideal environment in terms of secret services and the city turned out to be the undercover paradise. Especially American and Soviet secret services saw mutual clashes on the daily basis. Even though the United States mastered the...
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The British colonial government in Kenya and the Mau Mau uprising
Tauchmanová, Barbora ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Pečenka, Marek (referee)
This bachelor thesis British colonial government in Kenya and the Mau Mau uprising describes the most important measures taken by the British colonial government during the State of Emergency in Kenya (1952-1960), outlines the British point of view on Kenya and through several examples attempts to analyze the extent of autonomy of the British colonial administration in Kenya. The State of Emergency was declared in 1952 in order to protect the white settlers in Kenya and to quickly crush the uprising of the anti-colonial militant Mau Mau movement, which was formed mainly by the members of the Kikuyu tribe. Although the dispute used to be perceived as a racial struggle of Africans against Europeans, it was in fact an internal fight in the Kikuyu tribe incited by the measures taken by the British colonial government. This thesis looks into the events in Kenya during the 1950s in four main chapters. First chapter presents the colony's development up to 1952 and the historic introduction follows up with the second chapter. Second chapter should answer the question of which measures have been taken against Mau Mau and describes the most important operations and programmes that have influenced the course of the State of Emergency. Third chapter contains a short outline of the British point of view on the...
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Triangular Diplomacy - Mutual Influence of American-Chinese and American- Soviet Relations During the Nixon Administration
Pečeňa, Michal ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Pečenka, Marek (referee)
This paper examines the concept of triangular diplomacy, i.e. Nixon's and Kissinger's strategy, which deliberately works with the interconnectedness of Sino-American rapprochement and détente with the Soviet Union. We decided to collect information on the topic from many different sources and synthesise it into a clear and coherent picture. We analyse the international context which preceded triangular diplomacy, explaining the key aspects of the relationship between the players at hand - the USA, the USSR and communist China. The paper also pays attention to the creators of the concept - Henry Kissinger and Richard Nixon - and their relationship with one another. We analyse all the key aspects of triangular diplomacy, the principles it is founded on, its mechanism and its aims. We also explain ways in which it is in line with the previously adopted foreign policy strategies and, more importantly, we describe the ways in which it deviates from the former strategies. Finally, the paper provides a wide range of examples - backed by many citations and direct quotes - which illustrate the way in which the mechanism of the "triangle" played itself out. Through this process, we came to a conclusion that the basic principles of triangular diplomacy do work, i.e. that the rapprochement with China did alter...
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The Netherlands and the motives of the Surinamese independence
Šrámková, Simona ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Pečenka, Marek (referee)
The thesis "The Netherlands and the Motives of the Surinamese Independence" deals with the development of the Dutch policy towards Suriname in the period between the Second World War and the 1970s. The main aim of the thesis is to analyze the motives, which led to the Surinamese independence, and based on the theories of decolonization to describe the type of the Surinamese decolonization process. After 1949, when the Dutch lost their crucial colony in Southeast Asia, today's Indonesia, their attention turned to the Caribbean colonies. The important moment of the Dutch- Surinamese relations was the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1954, which made Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles equal partners of the Netherlands within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The thesis also deals with the political situation in the multiethnic Suriname because two main political parties, the Creole party NPS and the Hindustani party VHP, had different opinions on the independence of their country. However, in 1973 the elections were held, both in Suriname and the Netherlands, and the new prime ministers supported the Surinamese independence. Two years later, Suriname became an independent republic.
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Problems of Russian-Chinese cooperation in energy sphere 2000-2010. The issue of oil and natural gas
Imrich, Jakub ; Pečenka, Marek (advisor) ; Litera, Bohuslav (referee)
Thesis Problems of Russian-Chinese cooperation in energy sphere 2000-2010: The issue of oil and natural gas is a work which is discussing main problems of cooperation between biggest producer and biggest consumer of energy in the world. My aim is to analyze these problems and answer the question, why is the mutual energy relationship not developing as we could logically assume. One of the objectives will not be analyzing mutual political disputes between these two countries. Firs part of the work offers brief excursion into the relationship in the past which was not very friendly. Second chapter is about different meaning of energy for Russian Federation and People's Republic of China and contains facts about bilateral trade considering oil and natural gas. Third chapter is most comprehensive and is pivotal for thesis and it analyzes problems of cooperation. This part of work examines inner problems of Russia, inner problems if China and main external factors which affect the energetic convergence of these two countries as well. Conclusions from the analyzed problems are then summarized in the last chapter. In this part there are also given some future prospects how the oil and natural gas trade between Russia and China might evolve in the future. In conclusion part there are briefly summarized...
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British policy towards Malaysia and its decolonization, 1945-1971
Hladíková, Kristýna ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Pečenka, Marek (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the British policy towards Malaya and its decolonisation between 1945 and 1971. It aims to learn and describe how British cabinet approached to Malaya in the chosen time period, and to define goals of the monarchy for this country. The goals were being often changed or modified. The thesis follows also the circumstances (Malayan national demands, bad domestic economic situation, decreasing position in international politics, growing imperial commitments, the Cold War and special relationship with the US), which led to changes in British plans. It takes all the questions above impeach when appraising if Britain really attained her goals and which means she used to reach them. On these grouns it tries to assess if Britain was successful and if decolonisation in Malaya was an achievement, or not.
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