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Perspectives of an Art Institution
Lojdová, Šárka ; Dadejík, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kulka, Tomáš (referee)
This master thesis "Perspectives of an Art Institution" focuses on the George Dickie's institutional theory of art (thereafter IT). This theory defines "work of art" as a result of the position of an artefact in the institutional framework of the artworld. The author of the thesis pays attention to the historical development of the IT- firstly published in 1969 in the article "Defining Art" and radically revisited in the book The Art Circle in 1984- as well as to the critical discussion based on Dickie's theory. In the first chapter she compares both the earlier and the later version of the theory; in following chapters she concerns with objections formulated against Dickie's IT. IT seems to be problematic in several aspects: the term "institution" is considered to be ambiguous; Dickie fails to give a full description of roles and rules which determine the operations of the artworld; the notion of appreciation seems to be contradictory with Dickie's opinions presented earlier; circularity; and Dickie's unsatisfactory attention to the historical dimension of the artworld. All of these objections are compared with Dickie's theory to prove their legitimacy or to refuse them as illegitimate. Not only aims the thesis to sum up the critical discussion but it aims to answer the question if the theory...
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Definitions of Art
Mikešová, Marcela ; Kulka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kubalík, Štěpán (referee)
The thesis deals with George Dickie's institutional theory (IT) of art. Dickie provides a definition of art which relates art to cultural, social and historical conditions. His definition is based on realizing the contextual framework of so-called Artworld. The thesis maps the intellectual background of Dickie's theory, analyzes its form, and provides a critical reflection of its shortcomings. In the first part we introduce several authors, whose work forms the theoretical background for the Dickie's theory, including anti-essencialism. We will outline the basic principles of the IT and, finally, we will point out the major problematic issues of his relational theory of art. Keywords artworld, institutional analysis, conferring status, candidate for appreciation
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Metaphor as a Tool for Communication and Creative Thought
Policar, Antonín ; Kulka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Stejskal, Jakub (referee)
This work is concerned with the role of metaphor in language, discourse and thought. The first section presents a brief historical survey of the origins and development of theorizing about the metaphor as a legitimate cognitive tool and not just a rhetorically or poetically effective but otherwise uninformative sort of expression. The aim of the second section is to outline several different accounts of metaphor given by contemporary researchers in the fields of the philosophy of language, congnitive psychology and linguistics as well as to hint at some possible ways they could be interconnected. Especially those theories are concerned which in some way diverge from the traditional view on metaphor as a fringe phenomenon of language and discourse and which on the contrary stress its central role in the meaning- making activity of the human mind. Although the work does not focus primarly on the metaphor in art, its relevance for aesthetics lies nevertheless in its highlighting certain aesthetic or poetic aspects of human reasoning and everyday communication. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Art, avant-garde and kitsch in works of Clement Greenberg and Matei Călinescu
Taltynová, Marie ; Kulka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Dadejík, Ondřej (referee)
Bachelor thesis Art, avant-garde and kitsch in works of Clement Greenberg and Matei Călinescu deals with kitsch in relation to avant-garde and to contemporary art, and to the visual arts in general. It is primarily based on the essay Avant-Garde and Kitsch by American critic Clement Greenberg and the essay Kitsch by Romanian literary scholar Matei Călinescu. The first part is devoted to outlining the concept of kitsch according to these two theorists, with an emphasis on the thinking about the origin and nature of kitsch. The second part deals with revising Greenberg's beliefs that condemn popular culture, official culture and academism for kitsch and highlights avant-garde as the only worthy manifestation of art of his time. On this basis, the work examines why avant-garde seemed like the pure opposite of kitsch in the thirties, and why to the contrary today we find that contemporary art is often influenced by kitsch.
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Cognitive Sciences and the Paradox of Fiction
Staniševská, Aneta ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Kulka, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis being presented concerns an issue of the paradox of fiction viewed as a theme of anglo- american aesthetics of a second half of the twentieth century in a reflection of Colin Radford's thoughts and considerations of his critics. It also tries to regard emotional responses to fiction, disputable and paradoxical from Radford's point of view, within a "foreign" context of cognitive sciences, fragments of Antonio Damasio's theories especially, which could be able to provide a new perspective for the problem in question. Thesis definitely does not present itself as ambitiously reaching for a goal neither of grasping these theories in their complexity nor of solving the paradox but wants to elucidate the basis of it and put them in motion. For doing so, it uses selected and particular thoughts of a scientist who concerns with a phenomenon of emotions and their fundamental role in a human cognition and thinking. First chapter thus deals with Radford's formulation which is fundamental for whole problem as we assume. Second chapter provides insight to the complex of the criticism surrounding Radford's formulation in question. Some considerations appear significant for later synchronization with fragments of Damasio's theories in a way shown in the third chapter. Key words emotion, quasi-emotion,...
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The neo-avantgarde and controversy about the aesthetic nature of art
Švábová, Michaela ; Dadejík, Ondřej (referee) ; Kulka, Tomáš (advisor)
V této práci jsem se pokusila nastínit spor o estetickou podstatu umění, který se v angloamerické estetice odehrával ve druhé polovině dvacátého století. Nejprve jsme se setkali s těmi, kteří estetickou podstatu umění obhajovali. Umění nových avantgard, jelikož postrádalo vlastnosti typické pro klasická umění, nepovažovali tito estetici za umění a z různých důvodů a různými způsoby se snažili dokázat, že nové avantgardy do rodiny umění nepatří. Dále jsme viděli ty, kteří se snažili nové avantgardy do této rodiny zahrnout. První možnou strategií tohoto přijetí bylo znegovat estetický status umění a de facto popřít celou estetiku a definovat umění na jiném základě tak, aby nové avantgardy byly jeho součástí. Setkali jsme se s kognitivistickými přístupy a s přístupem sociologickým. Tyto definice se však neukázaly jako uspokojivé a především celý spor díky nim neuhasnul, spíše naopak. Jiní estetici se začali bránit tím, že se pokusili nové avantgardy pod rámec umění i estetična přijmout a estetiku rozšířit.
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"Art" and its definition. Between function and procedure
Ciporanov, Denis ; Kulka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Haman, Aleš (referee) ; Zuska, Vlastimil (referee)
The thesis explores the problem of definition of "art" as it has been systematically discussed since the second half of the 20th century - mainly in the Anglo-American analytical aesthetic tradition. Despite the complexity and diversity of this discussion, it is possible to indicate two opposite definitional approaches. The first is the so called proceduralism which is established on the conviction, that the art status is connected with certain performative procedures (social, theoretical or historical in character), and that its attribution to an artifact essentially affects its artistic/aesthetic function. The second is a functional strategy, traditional in character, which presupposes on the contrary, that ascription of art status comes always after the indication of functional efficiency of the artifact in question. In four parts of this thesis we want to argue for the superiority of functional view of the concept of art. To do that, we made one exceptional step out of the borders of analytical tradition in order to see how this traditional problem is solved in the theoretical context of Prague Structuralistic School, domain of European functional thinking. The comparison of Jan Mukařovský, the main representative of functional approach to art, with Nelson Goodman, one of the most prominent American...
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Cognitive aesthetics: where esthetics meets science
Hadravová, Tereza ; Kulka, Tomáš (referee) ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor)
Cílem mé práce je vyjádřit se k otázce možnosti setkání estetiky a vědy. V éře kognitivní vědy, jejímž zaklínadlem je interdisciplinarita, se otázka tohoto typu již neklade. Tiše se předpokládá kladná odpověď - která je ostatně, zdá se, dokázaná řadou existujících spisů, konferencí a výzkumných pracovišť, jež se deklarativně zabývají estetickými otázkami vědeckými prostředky. Nebudu zapírat, že také mou intencí bylo zodpovědět otázku kladně; tím, že jsem si ji však explicitně položila, že jsem začala přemýšlet o možnostech setkání vědy a estetiky, jsem si vytvořila prostor pro kritičtější náhled na samy skutečnosti tohoto střetu, tedy na texty, které vznikly pod hlavičkou vědecké estetiky.
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