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Aspects of implicit and explicit racial attitudes (On the example of the attitudes of the Czechs toward the Romanies)
Radová, Lia ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Pavelková, Isabella (referee)
This text is concerned with racial attitudes and their studies. The theoretical part points at variety in understanding of the term of "attitude" and its elements. Above all it is focused on distinction of categories of implicit and explicit attitudes. The issue of implicit attitudes is elaborated more in details, including the background theory. In connection with that the thesis presents some methods of measurement of attitudes, mainly the implicit technique of unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes based on priming procedures. This method successfully eliminates the possibility to modify the respondents' attitudes in accordance with the social desirability. Techniques of implicit measures provide estimates of individuals' attitudes without necessity to ask them directly for such information. They assess attitudes unaffected by conscious control. The underlying mechanism is that the respondent has in memory evaluative (positive or negative) connotation towards attitude object. This evaluative connotation is an implicit attitude. It is automatically activated by the encounter of this attitude object. Evaluative connotation does not have to be conscious. In terms of testing procedure this connotation facilitates or inhibits the answer. Implicit attitudes, their findings and coherency with explicit...
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Intimacy as one of the basic components of partnership
Haubertová, Daniela ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Poláčková Šolcová, Iva (referee) ; Štětovská, Iva (referee)
The dissertation thesis focuses on the prototypical analysis of interactions between partners. The theoretical part builds on a number of findings described predominantly in foreign sources. It offers an overview of many important topics related to intimacy. In the empirical part, prototypical analysis reveals specific interactions that are perceived by the general public as critical for the development and maintenance of intimacy in heterosexual relationships. The research study is divided into two consecutive parts. A total of 283 respondents participated in the first part and 663 respondents in the second part. They were aged 25 to 45 years. It turns out that the quality of partner intimacy is based on mutual interactions of a certain form and a certain intensity. Their most typical representatives are identified. The results of the analysis further confirm the existence of several subtypes of intimacy, namely emotional, physical and intellectual. Sexual intimacy has a specific role. Differences in experiencing and viewing intimate interactions between men and women are monitored in many aspects. Based on the statistical analysis of the data, it was found that both sexes are significantly similar in terms of preferences. However, there is a mild inclination towards interactions that are...
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Influence of racist attitudes on moral reasoning
Drahovzalová, Dominika ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with the theme of morality and racist attitudes towards Roms. The theoretical part is focused on describing the development of studying the phenomenon of morality, especially on intuitionistic theory (eg.:. J. Haidt). Next on moral emotions, namely disgust, and their influence on individual judgment in a social situation. And on attitudes to other racial groups. The intention is to refer to theories that assume influence of emotions on moral judgment, as well as the activation of attitudes. In the practical part was examined moral dilemma situations rating among 142 respondents, while their disposition to the perception of disgust and their racist attitudes. By the research was proved that people evaluate the situation as more immoral if there is participant with different ethnicity, depending on their perception of disgust. Direct relationship between evaluation and racist attitudes was not proven. The conclusions are in detail discussed in the thesis.
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The motive of justice and its social psychological correlates
Homolová, Pavla ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Blatný, Marek (referee)
The thesis aims at social psychological aspects of the justice motive. Its purpose is to outline the links between justice motivation and social context, primarily to socioeconomic status, social identity and culture. Major differences between implicit and explicit justice motives are presented, the focus is mainly on the belief in a just world as an important indicator of the justice motive. Distributive and procedural norms of justice are described considering their social dependences. The justice motive and evaluation are viewed from the perspectives of theory of social exchange and equity, social identity theory and theory of system justification. In the empirical part the relation between SES and BJW in Czech society is tested in two studies. The analysis results of the quota public opinion survey (Aktér 2015, N = 926) indicate that people of high SES believe explicitly in a just world more than people of low SES. The estimated contradictions to the results of studies carried out in American context are discussed. The findings from the Czech survey may be relevant especially in the context of less socially differentiated societies. The analysis of data stemming from online quasiexperimental study (N = 82) of people aged 18 - 33 does not confirm these results, possible methodological...
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Moral Dimension of Marriage in Young Adults
Pikhartová, Alena ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Vágnerová, Marie (referee) ; Hnilica, Karel (referee)
TITLE: The Moral Dimension of Marriage in Young Adults AUTHOR: Alena Pikhartová DEPARTMENT: Department of Psychology SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Miroslav Klusák, CSc. ABSTRACT: The presented thesis is based on a study of moral psychology and its methodological tradition, particularly on Gilligan's morality of care. The marriage has become a subject of this research. The main source of the empirical data are interviews about the Wedding dilemma and following interviews about this topic. The aim of the research is to mediate an insight into young adults' reasoning about moral dilemmatic situations, that deal with a wedding and setting up the family, and to uncover a moral dimension of the marriage. This study is a contribution to the theories of morality, to the discussion about the acceptance and the rejection of the marriage, and to the discussion about moral dimmension of the marriage. According to my findings (and by using my methodological procedures) it is possible to find a difference in reasoning between married and unmarried respondents. The moral dimension of the marriage is consisted in the possibility of hurting the others in the case, that partners don't concur in the question of the marriage. One or the other is pressed (in this case into the marriage), or must renounce his or her needs. An...
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Long-term effects of self-therapeutic workbook "A Workbook To Increase Your Meaningful And Purposeful Goals"
Kadlec, Filip ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Smetáčková, Irena (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is focusing on verification of effectiveness of self-therapeutic manual "A Workbook To Increase Your Meaningful And Purposeful Goals" (in Czech "SUC Manuál"). Theoretical part presents nowadays theories in fields connected with philosophy of Manual - hedonic and eudaimonic theories of well-being by Diener and Ryff, Schwartz's value theory, model of self-concordant goals by Sheldon, and concept of self-help and writing in psychotherapy. Manual was translated into Czech language and afterwards administered to three experimental groups, while each of group had a "shadow" control group. All groups were tested at the beginning and at the end of experiment with battery of tests including SPANE, SWLS and MLM. Main hypothesis assumed that experimental groups will show increase in eudaimonic well-being even over ten weeks after finishing Manual. Following analysis of data shown increase of eudaimonic well-being and stagnancy of hedonic well-being in experimental groups, while control groups shown any changes neither eudaimonic, nor hedonic well-being. KEY WORDS meaning, purpose, values, goal, self-therapy, logotherapy, long-term effect, effectiveness
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Quality of Life and Materialistic Value Orientation
Rendlová, Markéta ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Šolcová, Iva (referee) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee)
Empirical evidence consistently shows that an emphasis on materialistic values negatively correlates with quality of life, both at an individual and societal level. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of this interrelationship. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part presents concepts both of quality of life and materialism as well as contemporary approaches to their research and measurement. Special attention is paid to the concept of eudaimonic well-being as a core concept of optimal human functioning, and to the concept of post-materialism as a value orientation that emphasizes self-expression and quality of life. The thesis is based on two propositions referring to the relation between quality of life and materialistic value orientation. On the one hand, materialism facilitates an economic development and market economy of a given society. At a certain level of economic development there is a tendency to shift to post-materialistic values associated with autonomy, self-realization and personal growth. This value shift is not effortless, as the other proposition claims. The consumer-driven culture produced by the modern economy promotes material values. It claims that the route to happiness and well-being is through...
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Altered States of Consciousness
Křečanová, Alena ; Hnilica, Karel (referee) ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee)
This theoretical study contains a systematic analysis of altered states of consciousness. The study is based on a reflection of the qualitative altered states of consciousness, that offers some potential and attempts to describe altered states of consciousness in their complexity as well as to map all their aspects in a structured. It utilises the notion of consciousness to define the altered states of consciousness. The chosen method is to work with literary sources where an emphasis is placed on an interdisciplinary approach. The structure of the thesis is divided into three chapters. The key topic of the first chapter is an examination of the phenomenon of consciousness and interdisciplinary theories of consciousness. The second chapter is focused on the description and analysis of altered states of consciousness, concentrates on the history and methods of research of altered states of consciousness and delineates their basic characteristic and their functions. The last chapter divides the altered states of consciousness into categories and gives them a detailed description. The thesis ends with a final conclusion which brings an integration of the findings above mentioned with the focused on the second chapter. Keywords: consciousness, altered states of consciousness, sleep and dreaming, near...
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Eating disorders
Antelmanová, Kateřina ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
The bachelor thesis introduces the issue of eating disorders. Interdisciplinary approach makes the effort to form a coherent view on the issue in the context of medical, psychological and sociocultural primarily. The first part focuses on the classification of eating disorders to the system of the classification of diseases in order to explain their concept in medicine. Further independently analyzes diseases during childhood. Biological and psychological context of work briefly describes the risk factors. The second part focuses on the sociocultural factors influencing the emergence of eating disorders and explains some of the terms associated with them. It also deals with their history, which reviews from antiquity to the 20th century. An evolutionary perspective is also used, which depicts the possibility that contributes to the preferences of the slenderness based on environment. Bachelor thesis in this section essentially illustrates the influence of Western culture, which is still expanding. Almost the whole world is influenced by Western values, as well as areas where it is not expected. The work shows these facts in several studies. In conclusion, the study points, not least the social impact of eating disorders on the individual. Keywords: Eating disorders , anorexia nervosa , bulimia...
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