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Psychological Mimesis, the Sacred and Power: A Study in the Sociology of Power in the Context of René Girard's, Gabriel Tarde's and Émile Durkheim's Thought
Kišš, Marián ; Halík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Váně, Jan (referee) ; Lužný, Dušan (referee)
The main subject of the presented work is the question of power within the context of sociological theory, and in relation to the mechanism of psychological mimesis and the phenomenon of the sacred. Our starting point is René Girard's mimetic theory, which systematizes the relationship between the mechanism of psychological mimesis and the sacred - in the light of the phenomenon of violence. We, firstly, present Girard's mimetic theory, explicate its main concepts, and situate all into a broader context. Further, we critically examine Girard's theoretical scheme and come to the conclusion that his theoretical and conceptual framework calls for a revision, if it is to be utilized within the context of sociology and social theory. Consequently, we try to "sociologize" Girard's thinking. First, we position his line of thought into the wider sociological context, and then examine his theory in the light of thinking of two classical sociologists, Gabriel Tarde and Émile Durkheim. We then project this examination into a theoretical and conceptual synthesis on the basis of which we formulate our own conceptual scheme, which is based on the assumption of psychological mimesis as an anthropological constant, and which overcomes the main shortcomings of Girard's theoretical framework. On the basis of this...
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Formation of new identity and symbols of the Czech society in 1989-1993 (Analysis in terms of the concept of civil religion)
Novotný, Josef ; Halík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lupták Burzová, Petra (referee)
The thesis tries to prove applicability of the concept "civil religion" to the Czech society. After presentation of the concept of civil religion originating from R. Bellah, civil society and legitimization (grounded in the ideas of J. Přibáň) the addresses of president V. Havel and the articles from the selected newspapers of that period are analysed. In 1989-1993 as the transformative and crisis period one can observe the debate about the necessity of creating a civil society, finding a way of legitimizing the new condition and creating a new collective identity. Focusing on the individual and the citizenship following from the analysed articles constitutes the societal fundaments; and in these fundaments, thanks to "civil religion", there are recognized the transcendent component and the universality that both convey unifying potential and can be presented in a particular form through myths.
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Satmar Hasidim in Brooklyn
Jančíková, Kateřina ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Halík, Tomáš (referee)
Hnutí chasidismu1 vzniklo ve východrú Evropě poloviny osmnáctého století. Přes odpor oficiálrúch rabínských kruhů se rychle rozšířilo, takže o století později zde byl chasidismus běžným způsobem života. O další století později byla většina chasidů zavražděna nacisty. Ti, kteří přežili, se rozhodli najít nový domov, kde by mohli žít způsobem, na jaký byli zvyklí. Mezi nimi byla i dynastie satmarských chasidů, která se usadila ve městě New York, USA. Tato práce se snaží odpovědět na otázku, do jaké míry byli úspěšrú. Jak žijí Satmaři v Brooklynu? Jak se jim podařilo zachovat si svou specifickou identitu navzdory každodenní interakci s okolím? Vytvářejí si totiž bariéry mezi sebou a vnějším světem, za účelem zachovám své kultury. Těmito bariérami mohou být sociálrú instituce jako např. škola, synagoga nebo rodina, ale i předpisy týkající se stravovárú nebo oděvu. I přes tyto bariéry dochází k interakci mezi komunitou a okolím. Budu se tedy zabývat popisem těchto bariér, stejně jako vztahy uvnitř komunity i interakci s okolím. Vycházet budu nejen ze sekundárrú literatury, ale také z osobrú zkušenosti s touto komunitou. Satmaři byli úspěšrú. Nejen, že našli nový domov, stali se dokonce největší chasidskou komunitou na světě. Pokud si cestu Satmarů představíme jako osu, pak na jejím počátku stojí Maďarsko a...
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Religiostiy after Religion. Contemporary Reinterpretations of Christianity
Chudý, Tomáš ; Halík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hošek, Pavel (referee) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with contemporary possibilities of reinterpretation of religion in the Western society after what some authors call its "end". Along this line, it examines the concepts of religion and religiosity as two categories that point to the explicit and implicit presence of religious meanings in the discourse. The thesis is divided into four main sections: discourse theory, social recontextualisation, metaphors and symbols, and disturbing margins of symbolic discourse. First, an outline of discourse theory with regard to religious experience tackles the "us-them" mindset and thus highlights the issue of credibility with a concluding example of "anamnetical" discourse concept by Johann Baptist Metz. Next, as a social phenomenon, religion is prone to social recontextualisation. Two distinct are presented at large: in the first place, Taylor's of post-durkheimian set-up where varieties of religious experience follow an orbital-like model with different valences to the core. On the other hand, the dispersion hypothesis elaborates on some implicit quasi-religious features of the modern world phenomena which are to be taken into account in drawing the criteria of reinterpretation. They can be perceived as basic guidelines for what should not be understood as belief in God in the judeo-christian...
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Forms of Islam in 21st-century Turkey among university students
Vlková, Karolina ; Chlup, Radek (advisor) ; Halík, Tomáš (referee)
Due to the efforts of the first president Kemal Atatürk Turkey has changed its face and that also had an impact on Islam. Today Islam is not the state religion in Turkey, nor is the sharia the state's legislative. The forms of Islam have also changed. It is easily visible on the women's clothing. That, which used to be (or in other countries still is) considered absolute, has become relative in Turkey. My task is to explore how much are these notions about the state of Islam in Turkey accurate. It is too broad t theme to consider the whole of Turkey, so I limit my research to the university students. For it is there, where we can see the direction the development of Islam in Turkey will take in the next generation. The globalization and other influences just as much as nationalist and traditional influences are most visible in this area. I want to determine how the students view not only Islam and the Muslim responsibilities, but the western world as well. I use fieldwork to achieve that. The method is interviews with students from different schools. Besides that I also observe the daily habits of students. And of course the students' own comments concerning their religious activity/passivity.I found out that there is a "Turkish Islam" with influences of nationalistic ideology. With modernization by Atatürk...
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Urban posttraditional religiosity
Fassatiová, Paula ; Halík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hubáček, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis is based on the conception of the postoptimistic society (the concept that comes from the Czech scholar Tomáš Halík) which is enrooted in two presuppositions. The first one is that man can no longer rely on modem science and technology - processes which have started to determine the sense and purpose of life from the moment of their appearance. The secular optimism based on this presupposition is now discredited by the ominous (for ex. ecological) consequences of current technocratical civilisation.
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St. Augustine's conversions
Dobrodenková, Monika ; Halík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
The primary focus of this dissertation is on plural of St. Augustine's conversion. It deal with his intellectual conversion to Platonism and Neoplatonism, his conversion of the will and his conversion to Christianity. The dissertation seek to explore the topic of St. Augustine's conversions in philosophical and psychological perspective.
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Teresa of Jesus: Interior Castle
Kutarňová, Kateřina ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Halík, Tomáš (referee)
Teresa of Jesus: Interior Castle Kateřina Kutarňová Diploma thesis Abstract This thesis seeks to understand the most important text of Teresa of Jesus -'Interior Castle' which is considered one of the most important books of Spanish mysticism. This understanding should be achieved by using both theological and phenomenologico- hermenutical commentaries. The main topics of this thesis are religious and mystical experience, mystical transformation and intersubjectivity. Motivated by the possibility of gaining the understanding of the text as a whole, I firstly try to present the meaning of particular chapters. The Interior Castle leads from incorrect/false understanding (of one's self, reality and God) to the right or true one. This true understanding is made possible by reaching the mystical marriage between God and man based on full and conscious living of their mutual, intersubjective relationship. The reaching of mystical intersubjectivity provides the possibility of transgressing from knowing the reality as it appears to be to knowing the reality as it is. Keywords Teresa of Jesus; Teresa of Avila; Interior Castle; Christianity; Religious Experience; Mystical Experience; Mysticism; Mystical Transformation; Intersubjectivity; Frohlich Mary; Lonergan Bernard; Ahlgren Gillian; Steinbock Anthony
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Buddhism in Jewish Religious Texts 18th - 21st Century
Weiss, Aleš ; Halík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hošek, Pavel (referee) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
This dissertation analyzes Jewish religious views of Buddhism in a broad historical perspective, from the end of 18th century down to the present. Through an analysis of Jewish religious texts, it shows the ways Buddhism has been contextualized and tries to uncover Buddhism's role in modern Judaism. From these texts Buddhism emerges as 1) a tool of polemics and self-definition, 2) a form of spirituality fully compatible with Judaism, and 3) a competitor of Judaism, endangering its social and ideological integrity. While Jewish religious views of Christianity and Islam have been dealt with extensively in the academic literature, the role of Buddhism in various forms of modern Judaism has been either completely overlooked or at best reduced to the JUBU phenomenon. This dissertation aims to help fill this gap.
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Construction-technological project of the residential building Rezidence na Plachtě
Halík, Tomáš ; Venkrbec, Václav (referee) ; Vlčková, Jitka Laura (advisor)
This master thesis deals with construction technology project of the residential building Rezidence na Plachtě. This building is in Hradec Králové. A technical report is prepared for the construction project, time and financial plan of the construction, a feasibility study of the main technological phases, proposal of the main building machines and mechanisms, schedule of the main object, technological regulations for the implementation of monolithic ceilings by means of a control and test plan. The budget of the main building was prepared as part of the other assignment, calculation according to THU and an economic balance sheet for RC ceiling above the 1st floor. Finally, an assessment of critical surface temperatures was performed.
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