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Economic aspects of screening for thyroid disease in pregnancy and in women with fertility disorders
Bartáková, Jana ; Jiskra, Jan (advisor) ; Zamrazil, Václav (referee) ; Smutek, Daniel (referee)
The incidence of thyroid diseases in pregnancy in the Czech Republic reaches 10- 15%. Emphasis on early diagnosis and treatment is laid not only during pregnancy but also in the time preceding conception due to the impact of thyroid diseases on fertility, the course of pregnancy, birth and fetal development. The aim of the dissertation was to assess the effectiveness and economical aspects of screening for thyroid disease in pregnancy and in women with fertility disorders in the conditions of the Czech Republic. The dissertation consists of four published studies. The first study is a prospective cross-sectional study of 200 positively screened pregnant women. In the study we come to conclusion that pregnant women who are at high- and low-risk for thyroid disease have similar clinical and laboratory characteristics and screening, currently focused only on risk groups, is ineffective. The second study of 5 223 pregnant women is a case-control study. We find that the age of women over 30 cannot be regarded as a risk factor for thyroid disease in pregnancy, although addition this age criterion to the case-finding screening strategy improve its efficiency and ATA (American Thyroid Association) include it in their guideline 2011. The third publication is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 188...
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Prevention and awareness of the harmful effects of alcohol use in Prague
Symonová, Petra ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Doležalová, Pavla (referee)
OF THE THESIS Name: Bc. Petra Symonová Specialization: Adiktologie Head of the thesis: Mgr. Lenka Šťastná, PhD. Pages: 77 The name of thesis: Alcohol use during pregnancy. Prevalence and awareness of the harmful effects of alcohol use in pregnant women - clients of the Institute for Mother and Child in Prague. Abstract: Background: With the increasing trend of alcohol use in a population, but also increases the number of women who are dependent on alcohol in pregnancy. Since your problem but ashamed and fears of condemnation of the behavior of companies admit the problem and continued to try to hide it, and therefore it is not possible to quickly capture and begin to solve. Alcohol consumed during pregnancy the mother may hurt not only her but also her fetus. Since we do not know the exact amount that is 'safe' should be gynecologists recommended total abstinence. This fact, however, in many cases, unfortunately, beyond reality. Goals: The main objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of alcohol use among pregnant women. Other objectives were to determine what are the knowledge of pregnant women about alcohol use in pregnancy, where and whether they are informed of pregnant women about the harmful effects of alcohol use during pregnancy and to determine whether the health of the fetus...
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Experiencing psychical and physiological transitions during primipara pregnancy
Hlávková, Hayarpi ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Pírková, Vendula (referee)
Background: Pregnancy is one of the life-changing periods of life for the first-time mothers. Every woman is experiencing psychical and physiological transitions in a different individual way. First-time mothers are learning how to accept and identify themselves with a role of mother. Social support is an important factor for pregnant women's assistance. First-time mothers are using books, internet, pregnancy counselling and prenatal courses as a way how to get needful information. Perception of their body image is changing during pregnancy and after delivery Objectives: The aim od this study is to capture individual experiences of woman with psychological and physiological transitions during their first pregnancy and to find out which factors are important in experiencing them. Secondary aims were discovering these areas: if women are identifying themselves with a role of mother, how are women getting information about pregnancy, how are women percieving physical changes of their bodies, how important is the role of social support in managing pregnancy, what kind of expectations did women have about pregnancy. Methods: The thesis is designed as a qualitative research carried out with six respondents from different parts of Czech Republic. The sample was selected by intentional sampling and a...
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Study of effects of prolonged administration of emtricitabine on expression of ABC efflux transporters in maternal and fetal organs
Havlová, Ivana ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Ivana Havlová Supervisor: PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Study of effects of prolonged administration of emtricitabine on expression of ABC efflux transporters in maternal and fetal organs The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of chronic administration of antiretroviral substance emtricitabine (FTC) on expression of drug efflux ABC-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the placenta, maternal and fetal organs (brain, liver, kidney, small intestine) of pregnant rats. We focused on two most important representatives of drug efflux ABC transporters, P-glycoprotein (MDR1) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP). Knowledge of FTC effects on gene expression of these transporters is crucial especially when using FTC in combination therapy, known as Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). Changes in MDR1/BCRP expression may lead to significantly altered pharmacokinetics of concomitantly administered drugs. First, bioavailability was analyzed. AUC of FTC (3,5 mg/kg) following i.m. administration was comparable to that one after i.v. administration allowing us to use i.m. application as a route of FTC administration to rats. Subsequently,...
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Curative and Pernicious Aspects of Food in Traditional Korea
Smetanová, Elizabeth ; Löwensteinová, Miriam (advisor) ; Zemánek, Marek (referee)
This Bachelor thesis deals with the advancement of the medical tradition on the Korean peninsula from ancient times to the present with regard to the curative and negative aspects of nutrition. The theoretical part is followed by examples of specific plants and foods used for healing purposes. The next part is about male fertility and pregnancy where again nutrition plays an important part. Mentioned are also cures related to poisoning and various types of illnesses brought upon by wrongly prepared food. The section about fermentation and fermented produce is then followed by a final thematic circle of book references and proverbs that authentically reflect the times and the role of food within society.
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Factors influencing weight gain in pregnncy
Vodrážková, Nicole ; Kaňková, Šárka (advisor) ; Horníková, Daniela (referee)
In this bachelor thesis I described different factors influencing weight gain in each trimester of pregnancy. There are factors influenced by a lifestyle, such as diet, physical activity, smoking, and BMI before pregnancy. There are also factors which are given individual dispositions, changes in metabolism and hormonal status of the organism. On this basis, this thesis deals with the consequences, that has excessive or insufficient weight gain in pregnancy for the mother and her fetus.
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Progesterone influence on the maternal immune system in pregnancy
Škvorová, Anna ; Koucký, Michal (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Pregnancy represents a major challenge to the maternal immune system. From an immunological point of view, a fetus is a semi-allograft. The mechanisms providing immunological paradox of fetal tolerance are still not well known and require further research. A complex network of immuno-endocrine interactions ensures fetal growth and development within the maternal uterus. The hormone playing an indispensable role in pregnancy is progesterone. The aim of this thesis is to summarize current knowledge of the effects of progesterone on the immune system in pregnancy and its mechanisms. Progesterone can affect target cells via the classical nuclear progesterone receptors, which act as transcription factors, or it can act using a variety of other ways, including non-genomic rapid signaling. Progesterone optimizes conditions for successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, changes the amount, localization and characteristics of immune cells and production of cytokines. It reduces the antigen-presenting capacity of dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages, suppresses NK cell cytotoxicity, supports the proliferation of uterine NK and dendritic cells, affects B cells and induces the formation of T regulatory cells and their recruitment into the fetal-maternal interface. The wide range of...
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Quality of life of healthy pregnant women during their physiological pregnancy
Tomsová, Pavlína ; Vachková, Eva (advisor) ; Hvězdová, Alexandra (referee)
Autor: Pavlína Tomsová Institution: Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Hradec Králové, Department of Nursing Thesis title: Quality of Life of Healthy Pregnant Women during Their Physiological Pregnancy Thesis supervisor:Mgr. Vachková Eva, PhD. Number of pages:126 Number of annexes:3 Year of defense:2015 Key words:pregnancy, quality of life, WHOQOL-BREF, QOL-GRAV This bachelor thesis detects and compares quality of life of healthy pregnant women during II. and III. trimester of pregnancy. It studies effect of demographic factors (age, education, gravidity) on quality of their life during pregnancy. It detects frequency of somatic and psychic changes as well as their coping strategies during II. and III. trimester of pregnancy. Theoretical part of the thesis summarizes theoretical findings from the area of pregnancy and quality of life. Empirical part of the thesis includes quantitative research implemented by means of WHOQOL-BREF generic questionnaire and QOL-GRAV specific unidimensional questionnaire filled by pregnant women in Hradec Králové and Central Bohemia Region. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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