|
|
Development of the Electronic Test of Memory for the Elderly
Krejčová, Marie ; Krámská, Lenka (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee)
Self-administered electronic tests for memory are a modern approach. They can help the elderly gain insight into their memory status and recommend an examination by a specialist. The topic of the master thesis is the development of an electronic memory test for the elderly. The existing electronic tests of memory are described in the theoretical part. The research project consists of two parts. In the first phase of the project, an electronic test of memory was created. The psychometric properties of this test were determined in the second phase of the project on 108 people over the age of 55. A total of 74 persons were examined by selected neuropsychological tests to determine the correlation between the scores of the created electronic test and the scores of neuropsychological tests. From this group, 45 people with normal cognitive function were selected to match the socio-demographic characteristics of a group of 34 patients with mild disability of cognitive function. The reason was to be able to compare the results of the electronic test between these two groups. The overall score of the created electronic test, which is the sum of scores from its individual parts, differs significantly between healthy people and patients. The overall score of the electronic test is statistically significantly...
|
|
|
Association between depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction
Běhavá, Magdalena ; Krámská, Lenka (advisor) ; Maulisová, Alice (referee)
This diploma thesis examines the relationship between satisfaction in a relationship and depressive symptoms. The literature review part deals with the definition of depression, its causes, treatment, and diagnosis. Furthermore, satisfaction in the relationship and psychosocial models of depression. All with a focus on the psychological connotations of the issue. The research part consists of a quantitative questionnaire survey, which was attended by a total of 98 respondents. It relies in part on Coyn's interaction theory. The results suggest that there is a strong link between satisfaction (both global and in partnership) and depression. Consistent with Coyn's model, people with depressive symptoms seem to use reassurance more often and their partners have higher rates of depressive symptoms. These results could help to better understand the mechanisms that take place in the partner dyad in people with depression. At the same time revealing specific social aspects of depression. Keywords Depression; Relationship; Etiopathogenesis of depression; Treatment of depression; Psychotherapy
|
|
|
The Rey-Osterrieth complex figure: a specificity of performance in schizophrenic patients
Kortusová, Pavlína ; Loneková, Katarína (advisor) ; Krámská, Lenka (referee)
This Master thesis focuses on the neuropsychological test called Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test and its diagnostic value in the clinical assesment of schizophrenic patients. Deficiency of cognitive functioning is a dominating feature in the clinical picture of schizophrenic patients. Attention is brought especially to the specific aspects of the ROCF performance in the clinical group of schizophrenic patients. Theoretical part is based on the realized investigative studies focused on the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test and its value in cognitive assesment in psychodiagnostic praxis. The diagnostic method ROCF is presented in its complexity, the way of administration, assesment and interpretation are described and attention is also brought to the specific features of ROCF performance in healthy, neurological and psychiatric patients with focus on schizophrenic individuals. Empirical part of the thesis in the first section compares the ROCF performance of Czech healthy individuals and schizophrenic patients. The influence of demografic and other factors on the ROCF performance was analyzed and isolated elements of the figure and their difficultness was evaluated in both surveyed groups. Outcomes of this master thesis could contribute to the present knowledge of the diagnostic possibilities of...
|
|
|
Smell tests in Alzheimer's disease diagnostics and their cognitive correlates
Vaškovicová, Michaela ; Lukavský, Jiří (advisor) ; Krámská, Lenka (referee)
This thesis is focused on the use of olfactory tests in neuropsychological diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease and on the cognitive correlates of these tests. The literature review briefly summarizes current knowledge of the diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease and its dynamically developing criteria. Attention is also paid to the olfactory impairment that occurs during the course of this disease, as well as to specific psychophysical olfactory tests. The research part summarizes the results of research within the grant GACR 17-05292S, 01. 01. 2017 - 31. 12. 2019 - New blood biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis and course of Alzheimer's disease held at the Psychiatric Clinic of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital. The exploratory analysis examines possible cognitive correlates of the olfactory Sniffin' Sticks test. Practical experience with olfactory test is evaluated in the discussion. Keywords Alzheimer's disease, olfactory deficit, smell tests, Sniffin'-Sticks, neuropsychological diagnostics
|
|
|
Empathy and emotion recognition in epilepsy
Vargová, Helena ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Krámská, Lenka (referee)
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterised by epileptic seizures. It may be accompanied by cognitive deficits and unappropriate affective changes. This theses addresses an as yet not well investigated - emotion recognition and empathy in epilepsy. Firstly, the theoretical part describes emotion recognition that uses information from facial expression, posture, gestures and utterances. Then, it discusses empathy as the capacity to comprehend other persons' feelings and incentives from their own perspective, which increases individuals' prosocial behaviour. Neurobiological correlates of both are described thereafter. As a part of social cognition, these can also be impaired in epilepsy disorder - which is depicted in two most extensive thesis subchapters. The theoretical part is followed by the empirical one. It introduces own research which have explorative character, and is focused on 28 patients with idiopathic generalised epilepsy and their 21 asymptomatic biological siblings in comparision to healthy control groups. It uses translated testing methods and verifies in a basic manner their appropriatness of usage. In consequence, it reports the outputs which do not confirm any significant differences among participant groups. However, they show mild deviation of the patients' and...
|
|
|
The Ecological Validity of the Tests of Executive Functioning in Patients with Schizofrenia
Drozdová, Kristýna ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Krámská, Lenka (referee) ; Bahbouh, Radvan (referee)
Aim: The current study investigated a pattern of associations between executive functions and everyday functioning in a sample of schizophrenia patients with the aim to specify the ecological validity. The ecological validity as a specific form of external validity refers to the extent of the relation of the test outcome measures and patients' behaviour in everyday situations. Sample and methods: A sample of 77 patients (22 women and 55 men) with the diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, who met study inclusion criteria, was assessed with several executive function tests: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test B (TMT B), Phonemic Verbal Fluency Test and Semantic Verbal Fluency Test (VF), Similarities from Wechsler Adult Inteligence Scale (WAIS III), Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test in Boston Qualitative Scoring System (BQSS), and with rating scales for patients' behavior in everyday situations - Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSPs), newly developed clinical scale (CliSca), Interview for Assessment of Insight (SAI) and patients' self rating in Social Functioning Scale (SFS). Relationships between demografic measures and test outcomes were examined. Results: Verbal fluency tests did correlate significantly with the newly developed clinical scale that seems...
|
|
| |
|
|
Psychopathy and the possibilities of its diagnosis
Kuncová, Tereza ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Krámská, Lenka (referee)
The bachelor thesis called Psychopathy and the possibilities of its diagnosis is dedicated to the construct of psychopathy and the selected diagnostic possibilities in the current forensic field. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on presenting the construct of psychopathy, current important models of this construct, the emotional side of the characteristics of psychopathy and, last but not least, will provide an overview of the diagnostic tools for psychopathy. The main significance is placed on the Psychopathy Checklist Revised and the analysis of late ERP components. The research part of the bachelor thesis contains a research proposal that deals with the possible verification of specific brain activity in individuals with psychopathic personality structure. The presumption of a differing brain activity lies in the reduced value of a component called Late Positive Potential (LPP).
|
|
|
Alterations of self-experience in depression and schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Shtalman, Polina ; Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia (advisor) ; Krámská, Lenka (referee)
Alterations in self-experience is a relatively omitted topic in czech literature. For that reason, the following diploma thesis deals with this issue, in relation to unipolar depression and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical part of the research. Each chapter of the theoretical part summarizes the crucial information about schizophrenia and other disorders from schizophrenia spectrum that later appears in the research sample - as well as depression. The chapter describes symptomatology, diagnostics, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis and the treatment of the abovementioned disorders. Hereafter, the subject of alterations in self-experience is introduced and the two main phenomenologically oriented approaches to this phenomena. After that, the concrete manifestations of alterations in self-experience in schizophrenic disorders and depression are outlined. The concluding chapter of the theoretical part provides a brief account of the most famous methods in the research that focuses on alterations in self-experience. The research part of the thesis includes two sections. The first one aims to compare the changes in the experience of self in schizophrenic disorders and depression. For this purpose, the newly developed Self-disturbances Scale....
|
|
|
The possibilities of assessment of cognitive functions in neurological patients. Adaptation and validation of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB)
Dvořáková, Zuzana ; Krámská, Lenka (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee) ; Ptáček, Radek (referee)
This dissertation focuses on available means of the assessment of cognitive functions in neurological patients in the Czech environment. The main goal was to verify the psychometric qualities and usability of the Czech version of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB). NAB is a test battery that assesses attention, language, memory, and spatial and executive functions. The theoretical part of the dissertation introduces the basic cognitive functions and diagnostic tools for their assessment; the next chapter focuses on NAB and especially its psychometric characteristics. Third chapter describes specific diseases (epilepsy and psychogenic seizures), their manifestations and impact on cognition. Empirical part included participation in the adaptation of NAB to the Czech language. During the research, a group of healthy volunteers (n = 116) and patients from the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (n = 60) were tested by the NAB Screening Module. To verify the convergent validity of NAB-SM we administered Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (including an Effort Index) to a part of the sample. Based on the results, we can conclude that NAB-SM appears to be a suitable method for the assessment of cognitive functions in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. The...
|
guest ::
