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Anaerobic digestion of sludge from pulp and fodder yeast production
Řezáč, Jaroslav ; Beňo, Zdeněk (referee) ; Pěček, Jan (advisor)
The thesis aims to identify suitable and in the locality available raw materials to a commnon fermentation with sludge from pulp and fodder yeast production in company Biocel Paskov a.s.. Introductory chapter briefly describes the mechanisms of penetration of the sludge itself. The following section deals with origin, chemical composition and properties of biogas. The factors affecting the production of biogas are described. A key part of this thesis is a performance of sludge fermentation test and selected mixed substrate. Acquired knowledge is evaluated and the optimum composition of input raw materials with regard to maximum, but also economic recovery of biogas selected. Further, on the basis of obtained data a rough draft of biogas station is done, icluding its energeic and economic balance.
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Cultural change in High Himalaya. The transformation of Sherpa and Thakali culture from the traditional to the modern context
Thoma, Michal ; Rychlík, Jan (referee) ; Soukup, Václav (advisor)
This diploma work is concerned with the cultural change in the societies of Sherpas and Thakalis of High Himalaya. Focus is on the crucial period - turn of fifties and sixties of the last century - when the Tibetan frontier was closed for the traditional long-distance trade. This trade was crucial for the living of the studied societies. This work at first brings brief geographical and historical overview of the situation in Himalaya and in general terms describes the transhimalayan trade system. The processes of building ethnic identities in Nepal Himalaya are explained thoroughly to facilitate understanding of various relations of the studied communities. In two chapters concerned with Sherpas and Thakalis the work deals with the traditional way of living of the studied societies, especially focusing on their adaptation to the harsh highland climate. Further it explains swift changes to which both ethnics was exposed and concentrates on the adaptive strategies and mechanisms employed to succeed in the new context. In the conclusion the work brings evaluation and comparison of the adaptive strategies of the studied groups.
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Influence of the T-stress on Plastic zone shape and size for different form of specimens
Seitl, Stanislav
In framework of two-parameter fracture mechanics the shape and size of the plastic zone at the tip of a crack were studied. Analytical estimate of the size and shape of the plastic zone was made by substituting Mises yield criterion. For three different specimens (namely CCT-center cracked plate tension specimen, CT-compact tension specimen and 3PB-single edge cracked three point bending specimen) the numerical solution is calculated by using ANSYS. Numerical results are presented to show the influences of the T-stress on the plastic zone. Both solutions are compared and the effect of constraint on the plastic zone was discussed
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The role of mountain ethnic groups in the social development of Laos
Nožina, Miroslav ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Pargač, Jan (referee) ; Hubinger, Václav (referee)
The study deals with the problem of relations between ethnic minorities and central governments in Laos. It analyses mechanisms of the mountaineers' social and military mobilisation in historical perspective from the beginnings of the French colonial administration until the present. The main discussed topics are: the ethnic situation in Laos, ethnic relations, and the Lao government's ethnic policy. The Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR) is an ethnically complicated and weakly researched territory. Ethnic minorities comprise approximately 70 % of the total population of the country. This makes Laos one of the most ethnically diverse countries in Asia. Although the Lao government claims 49 ethnic groups, recent anthropological surveys revealed 236 ethnic groups belonging to four ethno-linguistic families: Tai-Kadai, Austro-Asiatic (Mon-Khmer), Hmong-Mien (Miao-Yao) and Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto- Burman). Many of the minorities inhabit rural areas, which are amongst the most poverty stricken areas in the country. The high degree of ethnic diversity, coupled with the high percentage of the total population belonging to national minorities, has an important impact on the social and political situation in Laos. Minorities have been playing specific (frequently decisive) roles in the life of the country. In the...
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Analysis of biologically active substances by capillary electromigration methods
Jáč, Pavel ; Polášek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Tesařová, Eva (referee) ; Jokl, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis deals with the utilization of capillary electromigration methods for the analysis of biologically active substances. In the Theoretical part historical progress, instrumentation and separation mechanisms of different electromigration methods are discussed. In addition brief overviews mapping chiral separation by means of CE and complex-formation for the separation selectivity enhancement are also included. Two final sections of Theoretical part are focused on specific features of method optimization and method validation in CE. Practical part is presented by comments on published papers, which were attached in full text version to Addendum. The results presented in this thesis cover two areas. First area is focused on the utilization of electromigration methods for the analysis of polyphenols in plant materials while second area is dealing with the development, optimization and validation of CE methods for quality control of pharmaceuticals and/or nutraceuticals. The first area of the practical part overviews new trends (papers published between 1999- 2005) in the analysis of polyphenols by CE. The second paper focused on the analysis of polyphenols is an original investigation of new kind of BGE based on complex-forming reagent - sodium tungstate - that was applied in the assay of...
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Optimation of heavy steel castings
Pernica, Vítězslav ; Veselý, Pavel (referee) ; Šenberger, Jaroslav (advisor)
Diploma thesis deal with definnig the casuses of stell castings defects in the DSB EURO s.r.o Foundry. The main target is to optimise technological parameters for avoiding the surface casting defects. The first stage is the identification of the defects, describing of the main reasons and mechanic. Defect quantification is make from measuring of area and volume of the mended defects. In association with surface defects, the number of the crackings was observed. Finally there are suggested correction actions based on the previous investigation.
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Microbiota of the digestive tract of bees and related insect and the influencing facftors
Hroncová, Zuzana ; Havlík, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kalous, Lukáš (referee)
This thesis consists of six research chapters, out of which, five have already been published in research journals, 1 is in the process of submission and the last chapter presents original unpublished confidential data in the process of manuscript preparation.
The research presented in this thesis concerns the complex mechanisms of bees and wasps immune system focused on microbiota as component of immunity. As shown in the introduction, highly social and managed species of bees like honey bees and bumble bees, play key roles in natural and agricultural ecosystems worldwide. Recent losses of bees have been attributed to pesticide exposure, poor nutrition, increased parasite loads and habitat degradation. Over the past several years, governments, beekeepers, and the general public worldwide have become concerned by increased losses of honey bee colonies, calling for more research on how to keep colonies healthy. Our main aim was to explore the complex mechanisms of bees and related species gut bacterial populations, their links to insect immunity and investigate the opportunities for an intervention. Part of our aim was to characterise the bumble bee and wasp gut microbiota using 16S RNA sequencing in a search for potentially novel bacterial species.
We have tried to explain how microbiome interacts with the host and showed that major members of these communities appear to benefit the host. The simple gut communities of social bees present ideal model systems to investigate the underlying evolutionary and genetic processes of such interactions. Information based on our results may help in the design of proper probiotic supplementation strategies with respect to physiological conditions in the honey bee gut.
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Total contents and speciation of arsenic and selenium in plants growing in soils with different physico-chemical properties
Tremlová, Jana ; Száková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Vymazal, Jan (referee)
This dissertation thesis deals with uptake, accumulation and transformation of arsenic and selenium in plants growing on soils with different chemico-physical soil properties. The contents of arsenic were investigated in 99 wild plant species, coming from 27 different families and 6 different vegetables growing in arsenic contaminated soils. The results suggest that there are species-specific mechanisms which protects certain plants from the excessive uptake of arsenic from the soil. On the other hand, there are plants using a strategy of accumulation, which theoretically may increase the risk of arsenic entry into the food chain, whether through grazing cattle and wildlife or through consumption of vegetables growing on arsenic contaminated soils. The most prevalent arsenic compounds are AsV and AsIII. Other arsenic compounds occure as minor species. An important finding was detection of arsenobetaine in Plantago lanceolata L. and Carex praecox Schreb ..
The contents of selenium were examined in 73 species of wild plants, coming from 29 different families. The results suggest that naturally low levels of selenium in the soil of selected locations along with a low capability of selenium uptake via collected plant species lead to the low content of selenium in plant biomass which may contribute to selenium deficient throughout the food chain. Foliar application of selenate on wild plant communities and on some types of vegetables in our case Brassica oleracea var. italica can have a positive impact on increasing the selenium content in the aboveground biomass of these plants and by extension, increase the selenium content in the human diet. Dominant selenium compounds in the aboveground biomass of the analyzed plants were SeVI and selenomethionine, with variable proportion of other commonly occurring organic selenium compounds, which is mainly affected by plant species.
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