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Analytical centrifugation as a tool for characterization of microbial cells
Beránková, Barbora ; Müllerová, Lucie (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the study of centrifugation potential of microorganisms depending on the cultivation conditions The experimental part focuses on the sedimentation velocity and the instability index of the studied microorganisms during growth, under temperature and salt stress, the influence of the medium composition on centrifugation and the effect of osmotic strength on halophilic microbe Haloferax mediterranei. The sedimentation velocity and the instability index are increasing with increasing amount of water present in the bacterial culture of Haloferax mediterranei. The presence and type of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) play a role in the monitoring of growth of bacteria Cupriavidus necator H16, Cupriavidus necator PHB-4, Haloferax mediterranei, Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia sacchari at the rate of sedimentation and instability index. Bacteria Cupriavis necator H16 with the highest content of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) present was the fastest sedimentating and most unstable of the bacteria studied. Bacteria Cupriavidus necator H16 and Cupriavidus necator PHB-4, exposed to temperature and salt stress, exhibited only a slight influence on the rate of sedimentation and instability under temperature stress. The sedimentation velocity and instability index decreased with saline stress with increasing concentration of NaCl solution in culture. When comparing the media composition to polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) producing bacteria, Cupriavidus necator H16 cultivated in the mineral medium demonstrated the lowest sedimentation velocity and instability index rates, but Cupriavidus necator PHB-4 reached the lowest sedimentation velocity and instability index when grown in Nutrient Broth medium. For yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the choice of medium had only a slight effect on sedimentation velocity and instability index.
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Term of evolution and its understanding by students of secondary schools and high schools.
Müllerová, Lucie ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
The term of evolution and its understanding by students of secondary schools and high schools This Master's thesis deals with the conception of evolutionary topic in schools and textbooks. It introduces education systems and curricular documents of England, Scotland and the Czech Republic. Based on this information an analysis of biology textbooks was made, which was focused on the theme of evolution. The research included 62 textbooks distributed by 27 different publishers. Comparative SWOT analysis of these textbooks has shown that the concept of biology in general is presented differently, what is also reflected in the interpretation of the studies of evolution. The questionnaire research based on those findings was done in the Czech Republic. It is focused on secondary school and high school pupil's knowledge and their personal opinions about this topic. 586 pupils took part in this research. It was found that in the context of evolutionary processes the pupils have problems to use commonly known biological, or evolutionary terms (e.g. adaptation, evolution of the organisms). On the other hand some pupils can easily define some more complicated evolutionary topics such as Neo-Darwinism. Pupils have quite various personal opinions on the issue of the evolution. Some of them are not interested in...
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The forms of parents appraisal and their influence on self-efficacy of preschool child
Müllerová, Lucie ; Mertin, Václav (referee) ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (advisor)
The theoretical part of the thesis deals at first with the theoretical principles of self-efficacy. The subsequent part treats of the developmental characteristics of preschool stage with a view to connection with the parents appraisal. The final part aims at appraisal, in term of general approach to the child, in term of rewards and punishments and in term of the appraisal as a formalizing agent in the formation of the basics of self-efficacy. The empirical part presents a research on forms of mothers appraisal on children accomplishments and failures while performing a specific task. The quantitative analysis traces appearance of forms of appraisal and their influence on child selfefficacy. The qualitative part is focusing especially on mothers non-appraising reactions on children while performing a specific task.
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Analysis of bacrerial cells employing flow cytometry and flurescence microscopy
Müllerová, Lucie ; Mravec, Filip (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This thesis focuses on fluorescent analysis of viability and PHA content in bacterial cultures, the main methods of investigation were flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. In order to determine viability of C. necator H16, several viability probes were tested, nevertheless, only BacLightTM kit and propidium iodide can be used to estimate portion of viable and live bacterial cell in samples. Further, Acridine orange was used to monitor physiological state of bacterial culture and two hydrophobic probes, Nile Red and BODIPY 493/503, were used to investigate PHA content in bacterial cells. Application of BODIPY 493/503 seems to be promising since this probe does not require permeabilization of bacteria cells and it can be used along with propidium iodide. Furthermore, several fluorophores were tested in the microscopic part. In was found that concentrations used in cytometric analyses were too high for microscopic use. Emission from the SYTO9 fluorophore is seen mainly in the green channel but because of the high concentration some emission was visible in the red channel. Cells stained with BODIPY 493/503 had very high fluorescence intensities when the stain concentration was 10 . At the same time, negative amplitudes of fluorescence were measured in both strains of C. necator, but in case of C. necator H16 that amplitude was much more pronounced. In this strain surprising high concentration of BODIPY stain was observed on the surface of PHB granules. Anisotropy of the fluorophore was nearing 0 which is very surprising.
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Microbial production of extracellular polymers and their involvement in stress response
Müllerová, Lucie ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
Bachelor’s thesis is focused on the production of extracellular polysaccharide pullulan by microorganism Aureobasidium pullulans, purification of pullulan and its possible use as a cryoprotectant. As a part of this work a description of A. pullulans, pullulan and an overview of involvement in its stress response were provided. In the experimental part growth characteristics of A. pullulans (the strain CCM 8182 was used) and pullulan production during growth in optimal conditions was analyzed. Biomass production was the highest with fructose as a carbon source (3,580 g/l CCM 8182), the highest pullulan production occurred when using sucrose as a carbon source (10,300 g/l F 148). Among three organic solvents used for pullulan precipitation – ethanol, acetone, isopropylalcohol, ethanol was selected as the best for further experiments in ratio 1:2 (fermentation broth:ethanol). Pullulan purity was characterized by HPLC. As a further part of this work, cryoprotectant properties of pullulan at temperatures – 72° C, -18° C, 4° C and 60°C were studied. The presence of pullulan at temperatures – 72° C and 60° C was found to be detrimental to cell viability. At temperatures – 18° C and 4° C the cryoptotectant activity of the polysaccharide was confirmed.
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Analysis of breakfast cereals market in Czech retail
Klofát, Vít ; Vávra, Oldřich (advisor) ; Müllerová, Lucie (referee)
The main goal of this diploma thesis is to make a complex analysis of breakfast cereals market in the Czech Republic in retail. The goal is accomplished by using combination of retail audit data and primary data from own research in retail. Theoretical part provides information about retail market and helps with understanding of its significant area and research methods. Research part starts with evaluation of the situation on the Czech retail market. Then the analysis is focused on breakfast cereals market where it starts on the macro level with analysing main specifics of the market such as its evolution in last years, its seasonality, evaluating the main segments, competitors and private labels. Then the analysis is aimed at the most important attributes of the market.
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Fish excretion of ammonia under different oxygen environmental conditions
MÜLLEROVÁ, Lucie
The aim of this work was to find out and compare amount of ammonia nitrogen excreted by fish in different oxygen saturation of water. Experiments (preliminary, main and additional) were made with ornamental form of common carp (Cyprinus carpio f. Koi) at Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Ichtyopathology RIFCH in Vodňany. The preliminary (orientation) experiment was made in three different dissolved oxygen concentrations (I. 0,65 - 2,66; II. 2,43 - 5,70; III. 6,40 - 6,50 mg.l-1 O2) and fish production of ammonia nitrogen after 2 hours was I. 24,61; II. 85,29; III. 70,19 mg N-NH4+ per 1 kg of fish weight. The fish were also exposed to different oxygen conditions (hypoxia0,76 - 1,46; normoxia 9,8 - 9,46 mg.l-1 O2) in the main experiment which was repeated six times. Detected production of ammonia nitrogen in recalculated to 1 kg fish weight was 25,01 +- 3,14 mg N-NH4+ by the fish in hypoxia and 32,56 +- 4,08 mg N-NH4+ by the fish in normoxia after two hours of experiment duration. Detected difference was statistically significant (P < 0,05). Haematology and biochemical blood examination of fish which were exposed to hypoxia proved statistically significant increasing number of leukocytes, value of haematocrit, concentration of ammonia and glucose was made in the end of experiment. The additional experiment was repeated five times, the fish were exposed to hypoxia there (0,99 - 1,21 mg.l-1 O2) and the control fish were kept in water with concentration of dissolved oxygen between 7,67 - 9,11 mg.l-1. Statistically significant differences in ammonia nitrogen production were already found out in these groups of fish after two hours of experiment duration and difference increased markedly after 4,5 hours (fish production of ammonia exposed to hypoxia 47,92 +- 4,91 mg.kg-1 and in the control fish 101,53 +- 8,31 mg.kg-1). Production of ammonia by the fish originally exposed to hypoxia almost aligned to production of control fish during 2,5 hours after an aeration had been added to the fish in hypoxia. Production of ammonia nitrogen was 93,38 +- 17,82 mg.kg-1 by the fish originally exposed to hypoxia and 110,13 +- 18,21 mg.kg-1 by the control fish. This difference was not statistically significant yet. The results of experiment proved that fish ability to excrete ammonia from body is closely connected with oxygen conditions in water environment.
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Efektivita nástrojů podpory prodeje v sektoru FMCG
Müllerová, Lucie ; Karlíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Stříteský, Václav (referee)
The overall goal of this thesis is to draw relevant conclusions about the nature, impact and characteristics of sales promotions within the category of ready-to-eat cereals, based on thorough analysis of their effects. It is studied, whether sales promotions are beneficial or not for the long-term sales and how the shopper behaviour is influenced by the sales promotion activities. The effects of sales promotion on the overall consumption in the category are analyzed and other factors influencing the consumption are observed.
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Czech-Bulgarian Trade Relations
Müllerová, Lucie ; Gullová, Soňa (advisor) ; Laschoberová, Libuše (referee)
This thesis analyses the Czech-Bulgarian trade relations, evaluates them critically, and considers their possible further development. The thesis is also intended to be a handbook for Czech investors and businessmen considering the entry to the Bulgarian market. It outlines the information about the Bulgarian business environment and its legal framework, investment incentives, and it also recommends the most perspective economic segments for doing business.
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