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Analysis of Ginger root extract. II.
Zárubová, Kateřina ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
Zárubová, K.: Analysis of Ginger root extract. II. [Thesis] Hradec Králové 2010, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy. The main goal of this work was verification of the declared quality of commercially available dry ginger extract. Having a standard sample is a necessary requirement for its testing in planned preclinical trials. Ethanol extract of the plant Zingiber officinale Rosc. was analyzed. For qualitative evaluation was used TLC method. Elution system was a mixture of ether and n-hexane in the ratio 6 : 4, an adsorbent was silicagel, detection was performed by spraying with solution of 1% vanillin in perchloric acid and sulfuric acid 6N. 6-gingerol was used as a standard. It was confirmed that the analyzed sample contains gingerols. Liquid chromatography for the quantitative evaluation of the extract was performed. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and water (acidified with 1 ml of phosphoric acid in 1000 ml of water) and methanol in the ratio 55:44:1, column was Merck Purospher RP-18 endcapped, 5 µm, 250×4 mm. Flow rate of mobile phase was 1.0 ml/min, inject volume 20 ml, UV / VIS detection at 282 nm. As a standard was used 6-gingerol in a concentration of 1 mg / 1 ml.There was determined 5,47 % of gingerols.
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Study of retention behaviour of neopterine in HILIC chromatographic system with different stationary phases
Matula, Aleš ; Nováková, Lucie (advisor) ; Šatínský, Dalibor (referee)
TITLE: The study of neopterin retention characteristics in HILIC chromatography system with different types of stacionary phases SUMMARY: This graduation thesis was dealing with the development of an analytical method for the identification and quantification of biologically active substances biopterin, neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin by hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography (HILIC) connected to fluorescence detection. Neopterin represents an important and useful parameter for monitoring of the immune system activation, that accompanies different infectious and autoimmune diseases. Increased level of neopterin concentration can be observed in several types of malignant tumors. Recently the coherency between neopterin, 7,8-dihydroneopterin and intracelular oxidative stress and apoptosis of the cells has been demonstrated. Totally reduced form of biopterin serves as a cofactor of some enzymes in human organism. HILIC is an option of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Three chromatographic columns (LUNA HILIC, OBELISK R, OBELISK N) were tested at different chromatografic conditions. Mobile phase consisted of mixture of aqueous component (ammonium acetate buffer, acetic acid, water) and water miscible organic component (acetonitrile). The mixture of acetonitrile and 100mM ammonium acetate...
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Prognosis and diagnostics in acute myeloid leukemia
Jiráková Trnková, Zuzana ; Jíra, Milan (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee) ; Špíšek, Radek (referee)
The main aim of the dissertation was in patients with acute myeloid leukemia to investigate the impact of favorable prognostic chromosomal aberrations and increased expression of a family of multiple drug resistance genes to achieve a complete remission and overall survival, and identify the potential prognostic factors. Experiments were focused on the introduction of routine diagnostics of two prognostically favorable fusion genes, AML1/ETO and CBFbeta/MYH11 and multiple drug resistance gene MDR1. This testing was performed by reverse transcription, PCR and subsequent electrophoretic analysis of its products.
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Azaphthalocyanines as new structural group of fluorescence quencher.
Kopecký, Kamil ; Doležal, Martin (advisor) ; Lang, Kamil (referee) ; Pour, Milan (referee)
1 SUMMARY This dissertation thesis deals with searching of structurally new non-fluorescent quenchers of fluorescence, which may be used for preparation of molecular probes. These potential quenchers are derived from asymmetrically substituted alkylaminoderivatives of tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines - azaphthalocyanines. As the part of this work is preparation of precursors - 5,6-disubstituted pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitriles. They are starting material for the preparation of final substances - tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines bearing different functional moieties. In total were prepared: 14 intermediates (3 of them have been described in our department) 13 final tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines (1 of them has been described in our department) 1 modified solid phase suitable for synthesis of marked oligonucleotides 2 by-products 23 undescribed compounds were prepared. Synthesis of 4 substances was not successful. Final products were tested for their singlet oxygen quantum yields, stability in solutions used for synthesis of oligonucleotides and subsequently ability of quenching of commercially available fluorofor Cy5® . This ability was compared with commercially available quencher Black Hole Quencher-2® . As a part of this work is confirmation of distribution of congeners arising during the statistical tetramerization of...
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Preparation and testing of capillary packed column sephadex G-10
Tolasz, Jakub ; Sobotníková, Jana (referee) ; Coufal, Pavel (advisor)
Sephadex is a common sorbent in biochemistry for separation of molecules of a wide range of molecular masses. Sephadex is also used for purification or desalination of isolated proteins. Up to now, the gel chromatography has been performed in wide separation columns. Therefore, the isolation techniques for proteins had to be very effective to isolate enough proteins as a sufficient amount of the sample. The preparation and application of a capillary separation column packed with sephadex could decrease the needed sample amount and enable work with hardly isolable proteins obtained only in small quantities. In this bachelor project, the capillary column was packed with sephadex using the slurry packing procedure. The principle of monolithic columns was used to create a gel in the column. The column was packed in organic solvent firs, and then hydrated when flushing with water to generate the gel.
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Výpočetní aspekty metody maximálního polyedru pro rozhodování při neurčitosti
Rada, Miroslav ; Ivánek, Jiří (advisor) ; Dlouhý, Martin (referee)
Metoda maximálního polyedru je metoda výběru nejlepší varianty pro rozhodování při neurčitosti. Její hlavní myšlenkou je vybrat tu variantu, která bude nejčastěji mít nejvyšší střední hodnotu, pokud zvolíme náhodně vektor pravděpodobností, s nimiž nastanou jednotlivé stavy světa. Stručně je tedy v práci popsána rozhodovací situace za neurčitosti, s důrazem na zmíněnou metodu. Cílem práce je popsat a implementovat algoritmus, jakým metoda maximálního polyedru vybírá nejlepší variantu, a posoudit jeho výpočetní aspekty. Každé rozhodovací variantě přísluší mnohostěn n-tic (vektorů) pravděpodobností, ve kterých je daná varianta nejlepší. Součástí práce je proto popis několika známých algoritmů pro exaktní výpočet objemu mnohostěnu. Protože některé algoritmy vyžadují na vstupu mnohostěn zadaný více způsoby, jsou zahrnuty též některé algoritmy pro přepočet reprezentace mnohostěnu. Jako nejvhodnější metoda výpočtu objemu pro mnohostěny vznikající v metodě maximálního polyedru je zvolena metoda HOT, doplněná pro případy jednoduchých mnohostěnů Lawrenceovou metodou. Jako nejvhodnější metoda přepočtu reprezentace je zvolena metoda LRS. V práci je dále sestaven rozhodovací program, který využívá dostupných implementací zvolených metod. Program je testován na náhodně vygenerovaných rozhodovacích úlohách. Na základě testování jsou odhadnuty meze jeho praktické použitelnosti ? velikost úlohy bez potíží výpočetně zvládnutelné (doba výpočtu cca 30 min) danou implementací je cca 15 variant x 14 stavů světa, přičemž výpočetní náročnost se zvyšuje rychleji s počtem stavů světa než s počtem variant. Konkrétní hodnoty mezní velikosti úlohy samozřejmě závisejí na požadované době odezvy a použitém hardware. V práci je dále provedeno srovnání výsledků rozhodování podle různých kritérií a jsou navrženy některé směry zdokonalení implementace metody maximálního polyedru.
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The Effect of Exercise Activity in Post-traumatic Conditions of Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord.
Nozarová, Eva ; Potměšil, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Bartůňková, Staša (referee)
Názcv: Vliv pohybové činnosti u poúrazových stavů páteře a míchy. The effect of the exercise activity up on the cases ofinjury of the vertebral column and the spinal cord. Cíl práce: Cíl práce je posoudit, do jaké míry lze na podkladě pohybových aktivit ovlivnit svalový a nervový aparát u pacientťt v ranné fázi po úraze. Zhodnotit výsledky. Metoda: Testování bylo provedeno na 6ti pacientech. Soubor tvoří 4 paraplegici a 2 tetraplegici. Vyšetřovaní jedinci podstoupili testování na začátku terapie, po týdnu a po měsíci. U pacientky číslo 1 byla hospitalizace delší než u ostatních pacientů, proto uvedu výsledky testování získané za období 3 měsícťt. K získání dat bylo využito testování pomocí funkčního svalového testu dle Jandy. Výsledky: U všech pacientů došlo ke zlepšení svalové síly. Pět pacientťt ze souboru mělo přidružené diagnózy, dva ze souboru komplikace, které zpomalily nebo komplikovaly pruběh terapie. Jen u jedné pacientky nedošlo ke zlepšení čití. Klíčová slova: Pohyb, páteř, mícha, transverzální léze, úraz, pacient.
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LLVM IR Optimizations for Decompilation
Kollár, Jaroslav ; Chaloupka, Jan (referee) ; Matula, Peter (advisor)
This master's thesis describes the design and implementation of optimizations in the middle-end part of a retargetable decompiler developed by AVG Technologies. The purpose of these optimizations is to improve readability of the produced source code and improve existing optimizations in the back-end part. In the introduction, basic information about reverse engineering and decompilation is provided. Then, a description of state of the retargetable decompiler before this work is given. After that, the main part of this work is presented, which describes the design and implementation of the proposed optimizations. Then, the techniques that were used for testing are described. This description is followed by a summary of the achieved results. The present work is concluded by a discussion of possible future development.
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Portable and Miniaturized Separation Techniques Applicable for Food and Biotechnology Analysis
Dvořák, Miloš ; Pospíchal, Jan (referee) ; Bednář,, Petr (referee) ; Rittich, Bohuslav (advisor)
Capillary electrophoresis was used for determination of 6 fractions of caseins. Those fractions were measured in 144 samples of cow’s milk originated from the feeding experiment focused on explanation the influence of the feeding onto casein productions. In this work were separated 6 fraction of caseins first time with total resolution of the peaks. Capillary electrophoresis was applied for determination of short-chain organic acids during fermentation of wine must. It was compared the fermentation of must fermented by different yeast. The difference of profile short-chain organic acids during fermentation were not statistically significant. The once difference was in the utilisation of the malic acid and production of the lactic acid. A portable miniaturized system for medium pressure liquid chromatography was developed. The components were tested and system was used for the isocratic and gradient elution of various analytes (food dyes, parabens). New line of electroluminescent diodes (LEDs) for deep-UV areas of wavelength based on a different materials substrate was characterised. The new line was compared with old line LEDs. The new line LEDs was incorporated in deep-UV absorbance detectors. Detectors were characterised and tested for a detection various analytes in modes flow injection analysis and chromatography separation. First time was characterised this new line of the LEDs and the origin of the parasitic emission band produced by deep-UV LEDs light sources was explained. This origin is given by disturbances of a materials substrates. This work is a contribution for an advance of low-cost and portable systems and detection devices in the field of analytical chemistry.
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