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Project-based Teaching in Science Subjects in the Second Stage of Czech and Slovak Basic Schools
Pouchová, Milena ; Hanel, Lubomír (advisor) ; Lukavská, Eva (referee) ; Čížková, Věra (referee)
The new curriculum reforms of Czech and Slovak educational systems provide schools enough room for new effective methods developing pupil's key competence. The dissertation deals with one of them - the project-based teaching, especially in science subjects in the second stage of basic school. It presents results of a comparative study which was conducted 2008/2009 school year. The most important aim was to establish and compare common characteristics of realized projects. The sample consisted of 180 Czech and 71 Slovak basic schools. The projects data and views of teachers were collected via a questionnaire. The results of the survey indicated that project-based teachings in science subjects was used in more than 80 % of Czech schools and more than 60 % of Slovak schools. Schools in both countries preferred projects realized only in one class, by one teacher and within the frame of one science subject. Czech schools preferred short projects that lasted no more than one week, Slovak schools organized mostly long projects lasting more than one week. Most projects in Czech schools were short-term, lasting on average no more than one week. Projects in Slovak schools on the other hand lasted on average more than one week. The majority of projects were planned and prepared by a teacher. Teachers were...
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Fast-track proceedings of administrative infractions (the development and recent legal regulation)
Herudková, Jana ; Kopecký, Martin (referee) ; Prášková, Helena (advisor)
MISDEMEANOUR PROCEDURE (DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT REGULATION) Misdemeanour procedure is a highly frequent kind of administrative activity which intervenes in legal relations of expressly determined physical entities. The object of this procedure is to decide the issue of guilt and possible penalty for committed deed, in which the misdemeanour is found as a kind of administrative offence. Misdemeanour procedure is envisaged as a part of discharge of public administration bound for rectification of obligors' behaviour and protection of public interest. This institute, being common in administrative practice, affects a considerable number of individuals. In accordance with the legal order, a great amount of administrative bodies is entitled to solve and sanction misdemeanours within the framework of various fields of human activities. Misdemeanour procedure is designed as a specific sort of administrative proceedings built-up on the subsidiarity principle of the Act No. 500/2004 Sb. (Code of Administrative Procedure), which constitutes general rules about administrative proceedings. Devitations from the general provisions for administrative proceedings reasoned by the specificity of the object of the procedure are arranged in the Act No. 200/1990 Sb. (Misdemeanours Act) and in some other special acts....
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Relationship between the general regulation of the protection of personal rights and its regulation in media law
Nováková, Eva ; Salač, Josef (referee) ; Švestka, Jiří (advisor)
Relationship between the general regulation of the protection of personal rights and its regulation in media law Summary in English: The purpose of my thesis is to analyse regulation of the protection of personal rights. I think this topic is these days very important legal issue, because I suppose everybody was at least once exposed to nuisance of privacy. So, I think, it is important to know, how can people defend themselves in legal way against invasion of privacy. I also think that the knowledge of legal ways of protection against invasion of privacy can be useful for a lot of people. This is one of main reasons, why I have chosen this topic. Every individual (natural person) has the right to protection of his personhood (personality). The section 11 of the Civil code represents enumeration of protected rights. This section includes protection of life and health, civic honour and human dignity, as well as privacy, name and expressions of a personal nature. The expressions of a personal nature are enumerated in the section 12 of Civil Code. Personhood is protected not only under the Civil Code, but also under the provisions of other Acts (Criminal Code, Labour Code, and some special statutes). An individual has a particular right to demand that there be no unjustified interference in his right of...
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International regulation of the ban on trafficking in women
Suská, Veronika ; Honusková, Věra (referee) ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (advisor)
Resumé The theme of my diploma thesis is The International Regulations of Trafficking in Women. Trafficking in people, especially with women is very old and unfortunately still actual phenomenon. Nowadays it is a fastest-growing form of criminal industry in the world. People are in the position of commodity that is trafficked. Universal human rights of victims and fundamental principles of democratic societies are breached, particularly the principle of protection of life, human integrity and dignity, personal freedom or the prohibition of slavery or forced labour. Trafficking in people is a complex process involving recruitment of victims, usually their transport (across the border or within the country) and finally exploitation (for the purpose of prostitution, forced labour, debt bondage, involuntary servitude, children adoption and so on). In the state of origin trafficking in people is caused by poverty, lack of political, social or economic stability, lack of reasonable prospects, situations of armed conflict, gender discrimination, lack of access to education and information, and in the state/region of destination it is caused by increasing demand for the cheap labourers or demand for sex workers. Traffickers focus on the most vulnerable group of people, that means in a most cases on women and...
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The Aplication of DNR orders in clinical practise focused on the issue Non providing aid.
Peterková, Helena ; Císařová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Sovová, Olga (referee)
The Application of DNR orders in clinical practise focused on the issue Non providing aid Do Not Resuscitate orders, as a special type of advanced directives, constitutes an impressive framework full of dilemmas, both between the patient's right to autonomy, self-determination and the physician's duty to provide proper medical care and between the patient's right to autonomy and physician's tendency to apply his/her professional medical opinion. As well this issue has not only the medical and the legal aspect but it possess ethical, sociological and even economical ones, indeed. Despite the fact there are some provisions on the regulation of advance directives at the moment available, neither the position of the patient nor the position of the doctor is actually solved. Furthermore, the legal state of advance directives forces the doctors in order to protect themselves to ignore on purpose the knowledge that there are some advance directives being made by the full competent patient. The consequences of not providing aid are rush ones, with a great possibility of imposing criminal liability for commission of one of the offences against person. On the other hand, the legal protection offered by the means of tort law of the autonomy and selfdetermination of the patient is quite weak, especially in comparison...
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Moral and material satisfaction in civil law
Čuříková, Pavla ; Salač, Josef (referee) ; Švestka, Jiří (advisor)
Moral and material satisfaction in civil law The purpose of my thesis is to analyze the moral and material satisfaction in Czech civil law. I wanted to provide a deep interpretation of these institutes which represent an important phenomenon in our time. The importance of protection of personality increased in the 20th century in connection with development of human and personal rights. In last years also according to mass media and global society. My aim was not only to give the interpretation of basic institutes and instruments of protection of personality but also to show more extensive circumstances of this topic, set into relevant judicial cases and European aspects. Chapter one attempts to provide an introduction to moral and material satisfaction. Chapter two and three are denoted to the basic institutions relating to the protection of personality, moral and material satisfaction. They show the meaning of the institutions and also give readers the introduction to this problems. Chapter four provides a brief introduction to the history of protection of personality. It is necessary to understand following interpretation. Deeply is focused on the period of time before 1989. Chapter five is subdivided into four parts and provides the main informations of my thesis. Part one focuses on constitutional law...
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Community property of spouses
Trachtová, Pavla ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee)
62 Při výkladu všech shora uvedených ustanovení o manželském majetkovém právu však musíme přihlížet k obecným ustanovením o povinnostech a právech manželů obsaženým v dílu 4, oddílu 1 návrhu. Ta vedle vymezení pojmu obvyklé vybavení domácnosti, upravují též výživné mezi manžely, jejich vzájemné zastupování. Důležitá jsou též ustanovení o uspokojování potřeb rodiny rozlišující dle toho, zda manželé žijí v rodinné domácnosti nebo odděleně. Obstarávání záležitostí rodiny a rozhodování o záležitostech rodiny stanovují závazná pravidla, kdo a jakým způsobem je v rodinných záležitostech oprávněn jednat. 8. Závěr Úprava společného jmění manželů, jak o ní bylo pojednáno na začátku mé práce, platí již více jak deset let. Lze říci, že je to doba dostatečná k zjištění jejích předností i naopak nedostatků. I samotná skutečnost, že rekodifikace občanského práva s novým uspořádáním majetkových vztahů manželů je na světě, nás nutí ohlédnout se a zhodnotit tuto stále ještě platnou úpravu. Kladně na stávající úpravě hodnotím především její snahu sjednotit manžele i ekonomicky, dle mého názoru, je pro manžele, jejichž prostředky jsou společné snazší finančně zajistit celou rodinu. A protože rodina je institucí, k jejímuž založení zpravidla dochází uzavřením manželství, s nímž je spojen vznik společného jmění, spatřuji toto...
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Property relations between spouses
Kettnerová, Karin ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee)
81 Summary Common property of the spouses The common property of the spouses is an essential institution marital property law since August the 1st 1998. Until then, there was no mutual co-spouses. The common property of spouses is the unity and indivisibility of the legal property of spouses, without their interests were expressed in common property. Common property may arise only between spouses, not between companions. Common property of spouses may arise in two wals, on the basis of law - by the emergence of a marriage, even invalid; or by contract form of a notarial deed, which is a joint property of spouses postponed to the date of dissolution of marriage, in addition to the usual things forming equipment household. After the conclusion of this contract, each spouse acquires property only for himself. If the spouses acquire property together then it becomes the subject of their co - mutual. The subject of common property of spouses acquired certain assets and commitments of the spouses or both together for the duration of the marriage. From the joint property of spouses under the act is excluded property acquired by inheritance or gift, the property acquired by one spouse for property belonging to his exclusive property and affairs, which serves the personal use of only one spouse and the case issued...
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Companies in private international law
Daňková, Zuzana ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Kučera, Zdeněk (referee)
Private International Law - Companies Abstract: Comparative company law is about taking in the experience of others in a competitive way, and finding a joint solution to the cross-border issues appearing for and from companies that are confronted by global competition. All over the world company law is undergoing fundamental change, particularly in Europe. European countries have committed themselves to and begun extensive reform of their company legislation. In this paper I argue the reasons for such a movement. The harmonization of national company laws was long the main concern of the European Union. An increasing EU harmonization was taking place through the Company Law Directives, designed mostly to protect stakeholders such as minority shareholders, creditors and employees, and was motivated by the desire to establish a situation in which every competing business from different Member States has a fair and equal chance of succeeding and to prevent Member States from participating in a 'race to the bottom' as a means to attract investment. Therefore, mobility of companies was not a priority for the EC at that time. However, this became different with the adoption of the European Company Statute. This regulation is the first European law which enables a cross-border merger as well as the transfer of the...
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Rights and duties of a forest owner
Poláčková, Tereza ; Drobník, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee)
74 10. RESUME a NÁZEV PRÁCE V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE " RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF FOREST OWNERS" SUMMARY - ENGLISH Forests cover about a third of the territory of the Czech Republic and they are an important component of our environment, landscape elements and - considering their production and non-production functions - part of the life of every one of us. This study attempts to describe and explain the rights and duties of an owner of this special subject of ownership. Since it is necessary to protect forests for the above mentioned reasons, our law contains a number of legal regulations governing the rights and duties of forest owners which must be followed by every forest owner. It is one of the aims of this study to discuss the provisions of these regulations which apply to forest owners. At the beginning, this study discusses the basic data on the forests in the Czech Republic, then it proceeds to explain the term 'ownership', and describe the main differences and particularities between forest ownership and 'regular' ownership. A forest owner is significantly limited in the exercise of his/her ownership rights, particularly by special acts such as Act No. 289/1995 Coll. (Forest Act), Act No. 114/1992 Coll. (Nature and Landscape Protection Act), Act No. 326/2004 Coll. (Act on Plant Health Care), and other. This...
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