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Regulation of Cathepsin D Activity and Activation
Máša, Martin ; Mareš, Michael (advisor) ; Jonáková, Věra (referee) ; Holada, Karel (referee)
PhD Thesis ABSTRACT REGULATION OF CATHEPSIN D ACTIVITY AND ACTIVATION Martin Máša supervisor: Michael Mareš Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic PRAGUE 2009 Introduction Cathepsin D (CD) is an aspartic peptidase located in the lysosomes of all mammalian cells, its main role is catabolic degradation of proteins. More over CD is known to participate in a range of physiological processes such as apoptosis and tissue homeostasis, as well as in the regulation of angiogenesis and the production of peptidic antigens. The role of CD in pathophysiology is associated with several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, which is generally considered to be the most common form of dementia. Progression of this disease is accompanied with the deposition of amyloid plaques (AP) in the brain, which leads to neurodegeneration. The AP is a fragment released from amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaved by secretases1 . High levels of CD were found in cerebrospinal fluid of the Alzheimer's patients2 . It was demonstrated that CD is able to cleave APP and produce the pathogenic AP. A genetic polymorphism in the CD gene was reported, which changes...
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Molecular- genetic analysis of the Thyroid carcinomas
Sýkorová, Vlasta ; Bendlová, Běla (advisor) ; Zamrazil, Václav (referee) ; Peterka, Miroslav (referee)
Introduction: Thyroid cancer represents more than 90% of endocrine tumors and its incidence, predominantly of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), is still increasing in the Czech Republic. Several genetic changes are known, but thein impact to phenotype is still controversial. Aims: To study of the genetic causes (RET/PTC, BRAF and RAS alterations) and the role of RET polymorphisms in thyroid cancer (predominantly PTC), and to correlate genotype with phenotype. Subjects and Methods: Overall 234 PTC tissues, 8 poorly differentiated carcinomas, 3 anaplastic carcinomas, 23 medullary carcinomas, 6 follicular carcinomas and one follicular adenoma were analyzed. Samples of fresh frozen thyroid tissues, fine-needle aspiration biopsies and paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tissue sections of patients with thyroid cancer and blood samples of healthy controls were used for analysis. The expression of RET/PTC rearrangements was detected on agarose gel. Five RET polymorphisms were analyzed using specific TaqMan probes. Detection of mutations in the BRAF gene and three RAS genes was performed by direct sequencing. Presence of alteration was correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Results: We found out that some RET polymophisms are associated with development of RET/PTC rearrangements in PTC and proved,...
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New biological markers in lymphoproliferative diseases
Špaček, Martin ; Mandys, Václav (advisor) ; Smolej, Lukáš (referee) ; Lysák, Daniel (referee)
New biological markers in lymphoproliferative diseases Summary The prognosis of patients with lymphoid neoplasms is extremely variable. Reliable prognostic markers could allow the identification of patient subsets that may benefit from alternate approaches. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with approximately one third of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cases. EBV-DNA is often present in the plasma and whole blood of EBV-associated HL patients. However, the significance of EBV-DNA monitoring is debated. In a cohort of 165 adult HL patients EBV-DNA viral load was prospectively monitored. Our results suggest that assessment of plasma EBV-DNA viral load might be of value for estimation of prognosis and follow-up of patients with EBV-positive HL. The role of the TP53 gene's R72P polymorphism in NHL has been analyzed in several studies but it has not been studied in HL. We have evaluated the role of R72P in 340 NHL and 298 HL patients. Our results support the evidence that R72P is not a prognostic factor in Caucasian NHL patients, and they indicate its irrelevance for HL development or prognosis. In a study of 73 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia we have assessed IgVH mutational status, presence of mutation in TP53 gene and expression of CD38 and ZAP-70. Overall concordance between ZAP-70 expression and IgVH...
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The role of NGOs in tackling unemployment
Fišar, Milan ; Khendriche Trhlínová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kouřilová, Jana (referee)
The thesis topic is the role of the non-profit sector in the field of unemployment solutions. The first part relates the consequences of unemployment and non-profit activities and highlights their importance in mitigating the effects of unemployment. This part also points out impact of non-profit organizations to increase employment and employability. In the next chapter, using examples from practice outlines the possibilities of cooperation between the NGOs and public administration. The third part focuses on statistical data on unemployment in the Czech Republic and then in more detail in the Vysočina Region. The final section describes in detail activities of NGO Fokus Vysočina and also several other examples of activities of social enterprises in the Vysočina Region. The conclusion summarizes the results and gives recommendations for further improvement.
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Epididymal maturation – a crucial step in the post-testicular sperm development
Postlerová, Pavla ; Pohlová, Alžběta ; Zigo, Michal ; Jonáková, Věra
Mammalian spermatozoa after their development in testis undergo the post-testicular maturation in epididymis where acquire their fertilization ability and competence of movement. The epididymis is tissue with very active fluid-absorbing and fluid-secreting activity. Epididymal fluid contains ions and small molecules, proteins, glycoproteins and enzymes. The surface of spermatozoa is exposed directly to the epididymal fluid, and the sperm plasma membrane is significantly changed. Some testicular proteins are altered, masked, or replaced by new proteins/glycoproteins of epididymal origin. Several proteins produced by epididymis have been described in various mammalian species and shown to be associated with spermatozoa suggesting a role in the sperm maturation and/or sperm-egg binding and fusion. We isolated proteins from fluid, tissue and sperm of boar epididymis, and separated them by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. We searched for known proteins using panel of antibodies and tested proteins of epididymal fluid for binding abilities. In the epididymis, we found proteins described as proteins of seminal plasma and associated with the sperm surface, such as spermadhesins, beta-microseminoprotein and acrosin inhibitor. These proteins were detected in epididymal sperm, fluid and tissue. We showed that some epididymal proteins may bind the spermatozoa and change the binding sites on the sperm surface. We determined and identified some proteins from boar epididymal fluid with affinity to heparin, hyaluronan and zona pellucida glycoproteins. These phenomena indicate that epididymal fluid proteins bind to the sperm surface during epididymal maturation and might subsequently play role in the sperm capacitation or sperm-zona pellucida binding.
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Slizniční imunita, střevní mikroflora a nespecifické střevní záněty
Tlaskalová, Helena ; Štěpánková, Renata ; Sokol, Dan ; Rossmann, Pavel ; Cukrowska, Božena ; Hudcovic, Tomáš ; Tučková, Ludmila ; Kozáková, Hana ; Řeháková, Zuzana ; Hrnčíř, Tomáš ; Drastich, Pavel ; Frolová, Lenka ; Powrie, F. ; Uhlig, H. ; Bland, P. W.
Etiological role of intestinal microflora and abberant function of mucosal immunity in development of inflammatory bowel disease is discussed. Animal models of human IBD are described and characterized
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The content of the advertising message and its impact on the addressee
Schilla, Ondřej ; Surynek, Alois (advisor) ; Fischerová, Martina (referee)
The present Bachelor thesis tries to outline and assess the content of an advertising message and its impact on the addressee. In the theoretical part, the role of psychology in copywriting as well as the use of various underlying psychological concepts and approaches are characterized in great detail. The first section of the practical part of the present Bachelor thesis explores the impact of the twelve most frequently used methods of presenting an advertising message. For this purpose, an original author's questionnaire proved to be quite useful. The answers from the field were assessed and thoroughly analysed by the author of the thesis. The second section brings the author's analysis of the most succesfull advertisements from the official scale EFFIE 2012. The know-how derived from the theoretical part of the thesis could be applied here.
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The role of management in stimulation, development and controlling human resources in hospital
Votavová, Karolína ; Mudd, Dana (advisor) ; Trunda, Jiří (referee)
This thesis entitled -The role of management in human resources management and stimulation human resources in the hospital- is considering primarily in general management role and functions of the hospital and secondly by examining the empirical (questionnaire survey, of senior management in hospital Vinohrady). In the first part I will focus on explaining the specifics of human resource management in hospital and the hospital as a different type of organization. Here we find the basic organizational scheme of the hospital, it is structure and management. The second part deals with the survey will focus on the management of the Vinohrady hospital, staff satisfaction with the hospital management. The result of the first and second part would be to compare with the theoretical concepts applied in the Vinohrady hospital staff and a realistic view on the issue by the staff.
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