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Towards the Sound of Literature. Examining the Inherent Voice of Literary Works
Navrátilová, Eva ; Bílek, Petr (advisor) ; Kaplický, Martin (referee) ; Kroča, David (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Arts Department of Czech and Comparative Literature Philology (P7310) - General and Comparative Literature (P0232D090050) Abstract (EN) Towards the Sound of Literature Examining the Inherent Voice of Literary Works Za zvukem literatury Zkoumání inherentního hlasu literárních děl Mgr. & MgA. Eva Navrátilová Prague, 2024 Supervisor: Prof. PhDr. Petr A. Bílek, CSc. The dissertation strives for a comprehensive and at the same time universal con- cept of the topic of sound and literature. It is done so in various ways and in diverse contexts. The text relies on the inseparability of the auditory perception from the reading process itself (with certain exceptions, of course), both in the sense of un- derstanding the content through its sound, and in perceiving the sound structure of the text as the reader's individual implicit and immediate interpretation of the work. The concept of sound is in the vast majority of cases specified to the phenomenon of voice and speech, i.e. sounds that are eminently human. For the sake of systematic argumentation, the dissertation is divided into three parts. The first one in a form of a "cycle" deals with basic literary-theoretical concepts such as narrator and speech of the characters, to which actual speech is added as well as the concept of...
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Behavioral Genetics of Mate Preferences
Fischer, Martin ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Bosman, Dita (referee)
Mate preferences are a multidimensional set of mental representations about the characteristics of a potential partner. The aim of this theoretical work is to present the current state of knowledge in the field of inheritance of mate preferences. While there have been several studies that have attempted to estimate the contribution of genetic components and (shared and non-shared) environment to mate preferences and mate choice, the current research suggests the key role of gene-environment interactions. This thesis provides a brief introduction to behavioral genetics and introduces the basic principles of heritability of mate preferences. All studies previously conducted on humans are dealt with in greater detail. However, the environment appears to play a more significant role than direct genetic influences. Consequently, other mechanisms of ontogeny of mate preferences, of which this environment may be composed (i.e. imprinting-like effect, associative learning, social learning, active parental influence on mate choice), are presented. The thesis is concluded with a synthesis of findings on individual mechanisms of the emergence and development of mate preferences and their potential interactions. Each mechanism may explain a relatively small part of the emergence of mate preferences, yet they...
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The Reception of Egon Erwin Kisch in the GDR and Czechoslovakia in the 1950s and 1960s
Wybitulová, Berenika ; Zbytovský, Štěpán (advisor) ; Zelená, Alena (referee)
Egon Erwin Kisch was not only a well-known journalist and writer, but he also profiled himself as a communist. This bachelor thesis explores what the reception of his works looked like in Czechoslovakia and the GDR in the 1950s and 1960s, and how the reception in these two socialist states differed from each other. With regard to the cultural and political historical developments in the 1950s and 1960s, paratexts such as prefaces and afterwords of editions of Kisch's works, newspaper articles and newspaper references of Kisch, as well as research on Kisch and his texts are thus analyzed. Through this analysis, this thesis shows that the political situation in Czechoslovakia and the GDR significantly influenced Kisch's reception. While Kisch was celebrated in both countries in the 1950s as the ideal socialist author, in the 1960s in Czechoslovakia such perceptions changed and the previous reception of Kisch was criticized. In comparison, interest in Kisch declined in the GDR in the 1960s. This thesis thus highlights the nuances in the cultural politics of the two socialist states and demonstrates how political situations are reflected in the reception of individual authors and their works.
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Collocations of days of the week in CNC
Tiukov, Pavel ; Starý Kořánová, Ilona (advisor) ; Hnátková, Milena (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe idioms and collocations related to the days of the week and their derivatives in the Czech National Corpus. Due to the thematic specificity of the given topic, the thesis focuses on examples of established connections, thus on verbal collocations, which have not yet been discussed in detail. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the theoretical part, the terms idiom, collocational idiom, idiom, proverbial saying and others are defined. Next, concepts such as metaphor and metonymy are described, i.e. two meaning transfer mechanisms applied in naming. In the practical part, it is outlined in detail how these concepts are applied in idioms and various collocations that are associated with the days of the week. The practical part is divided into individual days of the week and their derivatives. Each day of the week name includes idioms and collocations. In each idiom, the degree of lexicalization of the naming, which arose on the basis of metaphor and metonymy, is indicated. In the conclusion, findings are summarized in terms of frequency as well as semantic and thematic distribution of the obtained material. In addition, established connections that have not yet been described in dictionaries and their use are mentioned here. Key words: days, a week, ČNK,...
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The effect of GP46 on function of HU protein of Francisella tularensis
Sokolová, Eliška ; Szotáková, Barbora (advisor) ; Skálová, Lenka (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Science Candidate: Bc. Eliška Sokolová Supervisor: prof. Ing. Barbora Szotáková, Ph.D. Supervisor - consultant: RNDr. Petra Špidlová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The effect of Gp46 on function of HU protein of Francisella tularensis Francisella tularensis is a highly virulent bacteria and the DNA binding HU protein is one of its important virulence factors. Recently, it was reported that the Gp46 protein inhibits the function of the Bacillus subtilis HU protein (Zhang et al., 2022). The main goal of the presented diploma thesis was to find out if the Gp46 protein of the B. subtilis bacteriophage SPO1 also works as an inhibitor of the F. tularensis HU protein. Given the high conservation of HU proteins, Gp46 might function as a universal inhibitor of all HU proteins. At the Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology (Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defense) neither bacteriophage SPO1 nor its DNA were available, thus, it was initially necessary to acquire the gp46 gene, which encodes the Gp46 protein, using the overlap PCR method. Subsequently, the Gp46 protein was purified from the E. coli expression system using affinity chromatography. In both in vivo and in vitro conditions, we studied...
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Automation of production lines: an ethical point of view
Ježek, Jan ; Sousedík, Prokop (advisor) ; Šolcová, Kateřina (referee)
Through automation and robotization, factories are trying to eliminate the participation of human labour in their production, with goal to have efficient production and higher profits. The thesis focuses mainly on the consequences of automation. The first part of the thesis characterizes the process of automation itself and its historical development. It shows the advantages and problems of automation. The second part focuses on the process from a sociological point of view, i.e., the implications for the lives of workers. The main part is an examination of the process from an ethical point of view. I focus primarily on the dignity of work, the meaning of work, business ethics, corporate codes of ethics and ethical values.
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An Annotated translation of chapter 4 entitled "Laurence Sterne" from the book "The English novel: an introduction" by Terry Eagleton. (Eagleton, T. (2013). The English novel: an introduction. Wiley-Blackwell. Chapter 4. Wiley E-books.)
Schwarz, Šimon ; Brotánková, Šárka (advisor) ; Šťastná, Zuzana (referee)
The practical portion of this bachelor's thesis is a translation of the chapter "Laurence Sterne" form Terry Eagleton's book The English Novel: An Introduction from English to Czech. The theoretical part is concerned with analyzing the original text stylistically and with the categorization of the translation shifts that occurred in the translation. In terms of stylistic analysis, the text is an example of English essayistic style, relying on the authority of the author rather than scientific sources, utilizing humor, creative and expressive language and having a tendency to make authoritative statements. In terms of lexis, the text utilizes expressive language, but also, as the text is still scientific to a degree, it makes use of scientific terms, particularly from the area of literary theory. The syntactic structure of the text is largely simple. All the aforementioned aspects of the text needed to be present in the translation as well. At the same time, the translation has to work with the reality that Czech readers will likely be less aware of Laurence Sterne and his work. As such I had to localize certain aspects of the original text to make the translation more reader-friendly. Nevertheless, this tendency had to be minimized, due to the scientific and didactic nature of the text changing the...
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Communication in Children with an Cochlear Implant: A Case Study
Boušková, Adéla ; Homolková, Kamila (advisor) ; Hudáková, Andrea (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to describe the communication of two children aged 5 and 6 who were implanted with cochlear implants before the age of 3. According to the children's preference for the type of communication, an analysis was carried out focusing on the production and comprehension of spoken language. For the implementation of the research, meetings were conducted in which activities focused on language levels and comprehension were performed. The meetings were recorded and later analysed in detail. A sub-objective of the analysis was to determine in which linguistic level these cochlear implanted children would face the greatest problems, which proved to be the phonetic-phonological level (more precisely, phonetic-pronunciation). In relation to this, it was found that children have the biggest problem in pronunciation in soft syllables, i.e. "c", "č", "ř", "ž" and in double syllables, i.e. "s" and "z". Finally, it was found that a child who was implanted at a younger age showed significantly better results in speech production and comprehension than a child who was implanted later. Key words: communication, preschool age, cochlear implant, speech production, linguistic levels
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Variants of pejorative addresses in Brazilian Portuguese
Zikmundová, Michaela ; Svobodová, Petra (advisor) ; Válová, Karolina (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with variants of pejorative addresses in Brazilian Portuguese. The work is divided into two parts, a theoretical part and a practical one. The theoretical part is focused on explaining and clarifying both Czech terms, i.e. non-standart language, literary language, professional language, slang, argot, swearing and vulgarisms, as well as the Portuguese ones, i.e. gíria, calão, insulto, palavrão and palavras taboos. The practical part consists of three parts. The first part is focused on the use of swear words in specific everyday situations, which are analyzed from a formal and semantic point of view. The second part is concentrates on swear words that we use to relieve ourselves in a given situation and the last part on expressions that we consider the most and least offensive in terms of rudeness.
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The Role of a Psychologist During an Inpatient Admission to a Psychiatric Hospita
Číková, Anna ; Červinková, Monika (advisor) ; Vítek, Petr (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to map the system of admission of patients to inpatient psychiatric wards and to describe possible ways of forming a therapeutic relationship with the patient at the first contact. In the current situation in the Czech Republic, psychologist is not present in the admission ward, so the initial contact of the patient with the institution is mediated by the medical staff. I would like to show the possible benefits of including a psychologist in the admission process. The literature review part includes a description of the formation of the patient's relationship with the institution in the context of admission to acute care hospitals. I will discuss techniques for creating a positive first contact, i.e., bonding of the client to the institution. More specifically, the thesis will also address the management of aggressive patients and crisis intervention, as the dignity of acute admission patients already affects the relationship and trust with the institution and trust. The research design will be tailored to the as yet unexplored area of a psychologist's presence at admission to hospital. The main research question I will address will be the causality between a psychologist's presence at admission to hospital and the amount of patients refusing treatment. As a result of the...
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