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How precede to civilisation diseases (complex education and motivation text about health life style)
Drahošová, Šárka ; Bartůňková, Staša (advisor) ; Vránová, Jana (referee)
Název: Jak předejít civilizačním chorobám How to prevent civilization diseases Cíle práce: Mým cílem bylo posoudit názorovou orientaci a informovanost studentů gymnázií a odborných učilišť v oblasti prevence civilizačních chorob. Toto šetření mělo být východiskem pro přípravu informačního výukového materiálu. Metodika: Metodou výzkumu bylo dotazníkové šetření, mapující jak názorovou orientaci a postoje respondentů v problematice životního stylu, tak i informovanost v oblastech: pohyb, strava, škodliviny a psychohygiena. Dotazník vyplnily 2 skupiny 17-18 letých respondentů, kterými bylo123 gymnazistů (60 dívek a 63 chlapců) a 122 učňů (60 dívek a 62 chlapců) z Prahy a okolí. Výsledky: Výsledky výzkumu ukázaly nedostatečný stupeň informovanosti v obou skupinách respondentů, i když studenti gymnázií projevili dle předpokladů lepší znalosti než studenti z odborných učilišť. Nebyla však potvrzena hypotéza, že dívky mají ve srovnání s chlapci lepší znalosti o zdravé výživě. Na základě informací o neuspokojivých znalostech studentů byl připraven komplexní . informační text, který může být použit ve výuce na středních školách nebo může být návodem pro zdravé a odpovědné chování každému dospívajícímu a dospělému zdravému člověku Klíčová slova Zdravý životní styl, civilizační choroby, sport, kondice, správná...
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Sexual life in Parkinson's disease
Kotková, Petra ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee) ; Weiss, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis deal with the topic of sexual life of people suffering from the Parkinson's disease (PD). The theoretical part contains basic information about PD and the results of researches on sexuality of people with this illness, focusing on the agents that infl uence PD. The empirical part comprises of a research project implemented on a set of 103 people with PD. In order to describe the specifi cs of the patients' sexual lives, two sets of questions were designed (separate for men and women), containing a questionnaire on sociodemographic features, psychological (BDI-II, STAI) and sexuological questionnaires. The acquired data was statistically elaborated by means of the programme SPSS. Results of the sexuological questionnaires (GRISS, FSFI, SFŽ3, SFM, IIEF) show a decrease in sexual functions and a presence of sexual dysfunctions connected with PD. With the help of regressive models, it was elicited that in case of men with this illness, the most infl uential agent on their sexual life is depression and subjectively scoring the illness, in case of women the agent of depression and anxiety.
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Study of single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for Crohn's disease
Dušátková, Petra
Mgr. Petra Dušátková, Studium jednonukleotidových polymorfizmů v kandidátních genech pro Crohnovu chorobu Abstract Crohn's disease (CD) is ranked among inflammatory bowel diseases. The etiology of the disease is not completely understood yet. However, it is assumed that genetic predispositions may play important role in the etiology of CD. This work is a part of a project studying causality of single nucleotide polymorhisms within candidate genes for CD in the Czech population. We tested in total 333 patients with CD and 499 healthy subjects for SNPs: c.3020insC, p.Gly908Arg, p.Arg702Trp within the gene CARD15, g.-308G>A within the gene TNFA, p.Arg381Gln within the gene IL23R a p.Ala197Thr within the gene ATG16L1. For determination of the genotypes we used alellic discrimination in TaqMan sonds format. Variants c.3020insC, p.908Arg within the gene CARD15 were significantly associated with CD (OR = 4,4; 95%CI 3,0 - 6,4, OR = 2,7; 95%CI 1,4 - 5,0, respectively). SNP p.702Trp was associated with CD after adjustation for other two polymorphisms within the gene CARD15 (OR = 1,7; 95%CI 1,0 - 2,7). We found the protective effect of the p.381Gln in the gene IL23R (OR = 0,6; 95%CI 0,3 - 1,0). Variant p.197Ala within the gene ATG16L1 increased the risk of CD (OR = 1,3; 95%CI 1,0 - 1,9). We did not detect association...
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Ultrasonographic evaluation of cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with Fabry disease
Paleček, Tomáš ; Bultas, Jan (advisor) ; Pudil, Radek (referee) ; Kittnar, Otomar (referee)
Fabry disease is an X-linked glycosphingolipid storage disorder caused by deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A. This leads to progressive intracellular accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids, mainly globotriaosylceramide. Besides various extracardiac disease-related abnormalities, cardiovascular involvement represents a typical manifestation of Fabry disease. The primary underlying mechanism relies on pathological substrate accumulation in cardiomyocytes, conduction system cells, valvular fibroblasts, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. The development of cardiac and vascular hypertrophy represents a characteristic cardiovascular feature of Fabry disease. The aim of our studies was to describe in detail cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with Fabry disease using ultrasonography, which currently represents basic noninvasive imaging modality in cardiology. We focused on structural and functional abnormalities of ventricles, valvular apparatus and their relationship to vascular involvement expressed on common carotid arteries. We also compared the diagnostic accuracy of the two novel echocardiographic methods used for the left ventricular diastolic function assessment. The possible existence of circulating proliferative factor, which might be associated with...
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Molecular factors of artherogenesis in chronic kidney disease with experimental model of chronic inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthesis and its Effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitoin
Lecian, Dalibor ; Matouš, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Tesař, Vladimír (referee) ; Zadražil, Josef (referee)
The experimental part of the thesis covered the markers involved in nitric oxide deficiency model in rats. The analogue of arginine N-nitro- L -arginine-methyl ester ( L -NAME) was used. L -NAME administration resulted in sustained elevation of BP, decreased GFR, and in higher albuminuria compared to control animals. The administration of hypolipidemic drug - atorvastatin to Wistar rats was studied. The statin used caused lower albuminuria and prevented decreases in GFR in L -NAME rats without having an impact on hypertension. CAV1 protein expression was similar in all groups of rats. In contrast, VEGF expression and RhoA activity was increased in L -NAME-treated animals, and normalized with coadministration of atorvastatin. Clinical part of the thesis focused on the analysis of markers of oxidative stress in obese and non-obese patients with CKD and after kidney transplantation. The patients with CKD had elevated serum concentrations of AGEs, sRAGE and ADMA with the maximal concentrations of AGEs in the patients on hemodialysis. The successful kidney transplantation decreases the AGEs, sRAGE and ADMA concentrations but not to normal value according to general population. Patients with obesity exhibited lower concentrations of sRAGE in CKD as a protective factor for cardiovascular disease. Concentrations of...
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Effect of piracetam on advanced dementia with predominated cardiovascular symptoms
Kovtun, Vladimír ; Ďoubal, Stanislav (advisor) ; Zadák, Zdeněk (referee) ; Mrňa, Boris (referee)
From 2001 to 2004 a retrospective non-invasive clinical trial on the effects off Piracetam was carried out in the nursing home in Česká Kamenice. The effect of Piracetam was observed on 150 patients aged 84,29 ( +- 3,5 years ) who suffered from an advanced form of vascular dementia. The patients were diagnosed in accordance with all currently valid criteria. At the time of the clinical trial the patients had been suffering from the disease for more than 6 months. A placebo was administered to the reference group composed of patients suffering from the same disease. The clinical trial lasted for a period of 12 months . The treatment with Piracetam did not demonstrate any positive effects which would be statistically substantial. This is probably due to an increased number of advanced forms of dementia syndrome with an irreversible loss of the brain's ability to compensate. For the above mentioned reasons an early diagnosis of demetia is of high importance because of a possibility to positively influence the disease. We assume that it is a task of an immense significance which goes beyond the boarders of the Czech Republic. Also, it raises the importance of geriatrics and gerontopharmacy on the societal ladder. Obviously, it is necessary to conduct further and much more extensive studies, which would...
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Possibilities of physical therapy in patients with chronic form of respiratory diseases at the pulmonary disease sanatorium
Švehlová, Eliška ; Smolíková, Libuše (advisor) ; Babková, Lenka (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to prove that active techniques of respiratory physiotherapy together with aerosol inhalations contribute effectively to treatment of acute and chronic respiratory problems and also to prove that this therapy increases patient's motivation to realize the importance and effectiveness of respiratory exercises . Benefits of above-mentioned therapy influence patient's professional life. Quality of life has also impact on family and social relationships of respective patient. The aim is to prove the importance of pulmonary rehabilitation as a complex and multidisciplinary program of care for patients with chronic respiratory disease. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Comparison of nursing care about patients with peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis
JANOUŠKOVÁ, Jaroslava
The number of patients with kidney disease is increasing worldwide. Such diseases include chronic kidney failure that needs dialysis treatment. Problems associated with providing nursing care to patients in a dialysis program are extensive and specific. Starting the treatment with a peritoneal dialysis or a haemodialysis causes a great psychological burden to patients. It noticeably affects not only patients' lives but also lives of their family and friends. Patients in the regular dialysis program are facing many health and social problems. Mutual trust between a nurse and a patient on dialysis to a certain extent influences the course of the treatment. Balanced and satisfied patient can live a better and more valuable life. The goals of the thesis: 1) To determine whether a comparably high quality nursing care is provided to patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis 2) To determine whether the approach to the provision of nursing care to the patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis is comparable. 3) To determine whether comparable forms of education and communication are used in providing nursing care for the patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Research questions: 1) Is the nursing care provided to the patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis of comparable quality? 2) A the approach to the provision of nursing care for patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis comparable? 3) Are comparable forms of education and communication used in providing nursing care for the patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis? Methods used: In the empirical part of the thesis a qualitative research was used to process data. The research was conducted through a non-standardized interview. Three sets of questions were created for the three groups of respondents, i.e. the respondents with peritoneal dialysis, respondents with haemodialysis and nurses who take care of patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The criterion for the selection of respondents was their willingness to cooperate. The nature and purpose of the research was explained to the addressed respondents. From the interviews with patients it was determined how they perceive the provided nursing care, the nurses' approach, and the way of interaction during haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Interviews with nurses were focused on comparability and demands of nursing care for patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, as well as on the used forms of communication and the way how to approach these patients. Results: The results of the research show that the care provided to patients with peritoneal dialysis as well as with haemodialysis is perceived by the responding patients with peritoneal dialysis, with haemodialysis and nurses as of the same quality. Peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis each have their specificities and a different way of execution. Both are provided in differing environments. Peritoneal dialysis is done by the patient himself in their own social environment. During haemodialysis, nursing care is provided to the patient by nurses in a haemodialysis centre. As comparable is perceived by all respondents the nurses' approach to the patients, i.e. to each patient individually. In conclusion, the results imply that nurses during the contact with the patients with peritoneal dialysis and with haemodialysis use comparable forms of communication and education. Conclusion: At the present time there is an attempt to perform dialysis treatment to benefit the patient as much as possible. Peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis are considered as equivalent substitute for renal function. They differ only in the principle and the method of executing. Nursing care provided to patients with peritoneal dialysis and with haemodialysis is perceived by the respondents as of comparable quality. The results of this thesis can be the basis for further research.
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Domestic violence on the senior patients suffering from mental disease.
KŮROVÁ, Hana
Home violence on senior patients suffering from mental disorder is often problematic in nowadays-modern society and its line of incidence is on increase. Home violence occurs in many forms {--} economical, physical, psychical violence, but also neglecting of seniors. This violence is difficult to reveal from more reasons. Seniors take this reality as their personal life{\crq}s failure, as the mistake in upbringing and so they quietly bear the violence from their children. Another reason of the increasing latency is their age, present medical condition, limited social contacts. The research was made on the gerontological ward of the psychiatric clinic and in the senior house. Seniors suffering from mental disorder created the searching sample. Acquired information was refilled by semi-operated dialogues with medical staff and by no-operated dialogues with other clients of these institutions. After the research we can say that the most often form of violence committed on seniors is the financial blackmailing. It was also found out that seniors on whom the violence was committed react strongly on the presence of family members by worse mood, by expression of face or by completely change of body position. The home violence can attach everybody, each age, each education, each social status, each religion, both sex. It is important to pay attention to this problem and to try to help to victims of home violence. A lot of seniors suffering from mental disease don{\crq}t stay at home with their family care but they are often moved to a special institution against their will. People who work there in these institutions have positive relation to seniors with mental disorder. They must be empathetic and very patient. This work is very exacting and just these people working in helping professions often suffer from burnout syndrome. It is important to behave to seniors with respect and to people who work with them too.
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