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The role of NADPH oxidase and ros in invadopodia formation
Hanušová, Kristýna ; Vrbacký, Marek (referee) ; Brábek, Jan (advisor)
Invadopodia as specific organelles enabling tumour cells movement, spreading over the organism and ultimately formation of metastasis are possible and promising targets of tumour therapy. Recently, many interesting facts about assembly and mechanism of function of invadopodia were discovered. Invadopodia are centres of ECM degradation by extra-cellular proteases facilitating an invasion of tumour cells. For creation of invadopodia a precisely localized increased production of ROS is necessary. ROS work as crucial signalling molecules and participate in many processes resulting in invadopodia formation. ROS in tumour cells are produced by specific extra-mitochondrial NADPH oxidases (Nox). Several regulatory molecules participating in activation and localization of Nox to invadopodia have been discovered recently (Tks organizer proteins). Furthermore, a regulatory role of Src kinase in ROS production and subsequent invadopodia formation was confirmed. Key words: ECM degradation, invadopodia, invasion, proteases, Nox, ROS, Src kinase, Tks proteins
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The essential processes of FeS cluster assembly and mitochondrial protein import in parasitic protists
Šmíd, Ondřej ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Hampl, Vladimír (referee) ; DYALL, Sabrina D. (referee)
CONCLUSIONS Mitochondria appear to be vital organelles for all eukaryotic organisms known to date. A large body of evidence strongly indicates that hydrogenosomes and mitosomes, the organelles of anaerobic or intracellular parasitic protists lacking the "typical" mitochondria, are only a variation on the mitochondrial theme. However, even though the three organelles are evolutionarily the same entity, remarkable differences exist between them that reflect the adaptation of the organisms to their specific niches. In the thesis I tried to unravel some aspects of the essential mitochondrial processes of FeS cluster assembly and mitochondrial protein import in parasitic protists T. brucei and G. intestinalis. We investigated the function of the T. brucei cysteine desulfurase IscS and the scaffold protein IscU. We demonstrated that the two proteins are essential for FeS cluster formation and consequently the viability of the procyclic stage of T. brucei. Even though both IscS and IscU were specifically localized to the mitochondrion, their deficient expression affected the maturation of FeS proteins operating not only in the mitochondrion, but also in the cytosol. This indicates that a crucial part of FeS cluster assembly is localized to the mitochondrion of T. brucei. One of the major differences between the T....
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Leisure activity of pupils and students in the youth home
Maternová, Dagmar ; Vodáková, Jitka (advisor) ; Pávková, Jiřina (referee)
TITULE: Leisure aktivity of pupils and students in the youth home AUTHOR: Dagmar Maternová DEPARTMENT: Department of schoul education and social pedagogy SUPERVISOR: Doc. Ing. Jitka Vodáková, CSc. ABSTRACT: The aim of this bachelor's thesis was to find out how students and pupils evaluate past time activities in the boarding house at our schoul. After getting known the legislation of boarding houses and the characteristics of age - groups of accomodated students the survey was accomplished. Each student evaluated the past time activities in the same way they are evaluated at school (1-5). For better grafic presentatoin of the results the evaluation was converted into points. Final results were put into charts and diagrams. Our schoolmistresses evaluated freetime activities in the same way as students did. There were made a list of activities that students and pupils liked and it was compared with the list that mistresses set. The conculsion was to think about these results and their using for organizing past activities in our boarding house for the next school year.
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Novel approaches for development of in vitro liver cell models
Smutný, Tomáš ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Mičuda, Stanislav (referee) ; Kollár, Peter (referee)
1 Abstract Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Tomáš Smutný, MSc. Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of doctoral thesis: Novel approaches for development of in vitro liver cell models. The liver is a main metabolizing organ in the body. Therefore, the evaluation of hepatic metabolism is a crucial step during drug development. Moreover, a liver damage induced by drugs is another task to be assessed in drug development. In vitro liver cell models allow addressing some of these concerns. Up to date, primary human hepatocytes are considered as a "gold" standard of in vitro liver cell models. Additionally, other liver model systems are used such as liver tissue slices, subcellular fractions, liver cancer cell lines and hepatocytes derived from stem cells. Despite the significant progress towards right estimation of pharmacokinetic and toxicological parameters of drug candidates during drug development, current in vitro systems still suffer from various drawbacks. One of these limitations is their insufficient similarity with in vivo-like phenotype associated with low metabolic capacity of the models. In last several years, we were victims of tremendous effort to improve existing models such as 3D models, co-culture and...
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Significance of prolactin as peripheral cytokine in dysbalance of immune system
Janatová, Kateřina ; Černá, Marie (advisor) ; Holáň, Vladimír (referee)
Background: Interactions between the neuroendocrine and immune system play an importatnt role in maintaining homeostasis. This communication is mediated by cytokines, neurotransmiters and hormones through endocrine, paracrine and autocrine signaling. Prolactin (PRL), hormone of anterior pituitary, is produced by a number of other tissues and cells of immune system. On periphery, PRL is cytokine. Sepsis is an inflamatory response of the organism to severe infection, Th1 immune response is activated and PRL could participate in it. Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a key role in a recognition of bacteial components and mediate a systemic response (with PRL secretion) during infection. It is supposed that activated immune system leads to increasing of PRL, TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression. We detected PRL, TLR2 a TLR4 mRNA levels in monocytes from patiens with system inflammation. We studied influence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP -1149 G/T) in PRL gene promotor, it supposed that G allele increases PRL expression. Materials and Methods: For the pilot study 30 patients diagnose with severe infectious event. Collectoin of patiens blood samples was performed consequently three times. Control group comprised 40 healthy individuals. One blood sample was taken from each healthy subject. For testing of...
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New media theory as ontology of the computer code
Kera, Denisa ; Vlasák, Rudolf (advisor) ; Smetáček, Vladimír (referee) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
The work establishes new media studies in relation to different disciplines that were reflecting contemporary technologies in the 20th century. It emphasizes the likeness o f new media theory to posthumanist philosophy. New media technologies are specific due to the performativity o f the computer code and the overall phenomenon o f software that interconnect different aspects o f the organic and inorganic life. The hybrid and emergent consequences o f this integration o f machines, humans and nature radically challenges our views o f what is technology, society and even what is ontology. Ontology o f the code is an attempt to highlight the dynamic and process driven qualities o f the reality as the ground o f todays technological acceleration. With the help o f the computer codes it generates ever more complex forms o f symbiosis and hybrid collectivity like our cities and the whole globalized society. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Production of extracellular polymeric substances by Aureobasidium pullulans
Horáček, Pavel ; Breierová, Emília (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the study of the influence of cultivation conditions and arrangement for the production of extracellular polymeric substances by using yeast-like microorganism Aureobasidium pullulans. In the theoretical part a brief description of A. pullulans, its use in biotechnology and produced exobiopolymers, especially pullulan and poly-L-malic acid are presented. The first aim of the experimental part was to set the most appropriate cultivation conditions for A. pullulans CCM 8182. Growth and production properties in optimum conditions were compared with cultivation on waste substrates - oat bran, buckwheat husks, apple fiber and others. Waste substrates can be used as cheap nutrient sources which enable reducing cost of potential biotechnological production. As a further part of this work, optimization of HPLC/RI method for analysis of exobiopolymers has been done. Optimal mobile phase composition and chromatography conditions were proposed. Column Roa organic acid H+ was the most suitable for simultaneous separartion of glucose and malic acid. Before HPLC analysis hydrolysis of polymers was done. Sulphuric acid (5 mmol/L) was used as a mobile phase at flow rate 0.5 mL/min and temperature 60 °C. The highest production of pullulan occurred using oat bran as a substarate (13.03 g/L) at an initial pH 7.5. Maximum production of poly-L-malic acid was observed during the cultivation on apple peels (2.89 g/L) at pH 6. It was found that the higher production of poly-L-malic acid occurred at pH 6, while higher production of pullulan was at pH 7.5.
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Nanofibrous materials in bone tissue engineering
Zajdlová, Martina ; Bačáková, Lucie (advisor) ; Míčová, Petra (referee)
This thesis focuses on nanofibrous materials which are highly promising regarding they application in a modern interdisciplinary scientific field - tissue engineering. Through the years there have been developed various strategies for creating materials usable in tissue engineering. The earliest materials that were made did not allow any cell adhesion on their surfaces (so-called "bioinert" materials), whereas nowadays there is an effort to create hybrid bioartificial organs. Especially in bone tissue engineering do polymeric materials in the form of a nanofibrous network, such as polylactide or polycaprolactone with the addition of inorganic particles (for example nanocrystalic hydroxyapatite), show great potential. Such materials mimic the natural bone tissue and stimulate the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of cells into desirable a cell type. In the experimental part of this thesis one of these promising nanomaterials was tested for its biocompatibility in vitro. Polylactide in the form of nanofibrous networks with 0, 5 and 15 % of nanocrystallic hydroxyapatite was provided by Elmarco s.r.o, Liberec. Human osteoblast-like cells MG 63 were cultivated on these materials for 1, 3 and 7 days. The results show the convenience of hydroxyapatite particles which stimulate the cells to the...
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Microtubule-associated proteins in plants
Benáková, Martina ; Krtková, Jana (advisor) ; Vinopal, Stanislav (referee)
1. Abstract and key words MTs are one of the basic cellular protein structure. Their features and function are influenced and modified by group of other proteins, i.e. microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). In the last decades, an extensive research on MAPs and their wide range of functions has been carried out. Therefore we are aware of the involvement of some of the MAPs in MT dynamics, other have been shown to have rather structural function. They bundle MTs with various cell structures, such as the other MTs, proteins, organelles, actin cytoskeleton or plasma membrane. Many described MAPs are homologous in the whole eukaryotic domain, for example MAP65 or EB1 (END BINDING 1) family, therefore it is interesting to follow if and how the functions of plant MAPs differ from their animal counterparts. On the other hand, there are many specific MAPs with unique functions in plants, e.g. ATK5 or SPR1 (SPIRAL 1). This Bachelor thesis is a survey on current knowledge of plant MAPs and it makes an effort to present their characteristic and functions in plant cell and organism. Key words: cytoskeleton, microtubules, microtubule-associated proteins, plant cell, growth and development
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