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Importance of Psychotherapy to the Treatment of Dependence on Alcohol
Říhová, Julie ; Sivek, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Klimešová, Anna (referee)
This school work is focused on the importance of psychotherapy to the treatment of dependence on alcohol. It deals about the dependence on alcohol, its causes, about the process of this disease and its consequences. Next part of the work describes the treatment of this phenomenon and single forms of the therapeutic processes, namely from the view of the single therapeutical approaches (medical, psychological and social). Multidisciplinary approach is fundamental for the alcoholism treatment. Last part of this work (of the theoretical part) deals about the psychotherapy, about various psychotherapeutic systems and at the end it deals about the psychotherapeutic research. Practical part if this work contains three casuistries or case reports and one interview. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Active ingredients in sun cosmetics
Jochimová, Eva ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
Active substances in sun cosmetics mean quantity and properties of UV-filters that absorb rays in UVA or in UVB areas. In the United States of America there are they considered as pharmaceuticals, however in European Union are they taken behind cosmetics. Their usage is very important, because the sun radiation can be very dangerous. Hazard of negative influences increases largely by downgrade of atmosphere and above all by enlargement of ozone hole. UVB and UVA rays penetrate into the skin where they can be a cause of different disorders. They evocate simply as far as heavily curable photodermatosis, skin ageing and cutaneous carcinoma in worse case.
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Thromboebolic disease and it`s possible connection with hormonal contraception
MATOUŠOVÁ, Linda
Thromboembolic disease is an illness which is caused by an imbalance of blood coagulation and the fibrinolytic system, which can lead to a form of thrombus that can cause a pulmonary embolism. This is evoked by inherited or acquired conditions. Hormonal oral contraception is one of the acquired conditions which pose a significant risk factor with regard to the formation of deep vein thrombosis in women aged 15-45. The use of oral contraception in the population has been monitored, the connection between use of this kind of contraception and thromboembolic disease has been surveyed, the way the women were examined has been proved and the knowledge of the women concerning oral contraception and its negative health effects has been monitored too. An appropriate procedure for the examination of women before the prescription of oral contraception has been defined.
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How are high school students informed about virus biology
Solarová, Pavlína ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Fraiberk, Martin (referee)
Biology is the study of viruses, which are engaged in teaching 2-3 lessons. During those hours, students must not only absorb information about the structure and function of the virus, but also the reproduction of the organism, several representatives and, ultimately, diseases that cause that exists prevention and treatment these diseases. Students remember what it is for the vaccine, the virus infects whom, how they can get infected or what the immune system. What makes the problem of students are questions: which of the viral disease is, what constitutes a viral particle, or what is an infectious disease. In the RVP G is determined curriculum is very vaguely. The teacher thus has a certain freedom in creating the ŠVP and its preparations. To more precise what students should know for graduation, testing requirements used common catalog of the school-leaving examination in this case of biology, who has broken the outputs of the curriculum of all biological disciplines.
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Molecular characterization of selected strains of amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba, the potential human parasites.
ŠTAUBEROVÁ, Kamila
The genus Acanthamoeba belongs to a group of organisms generally called "amoebae". These amoebae can cause fatal disease in humans, being able to enter e.g. through skin in bloodstream and then spreading through the body. In the body they further parasitize in various tissues including the brain there they cause a little known disease called "granulomatous amoebic encephalitis". The disease is most prevalent in people previously ill with, e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus. Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis leads especially to a brain inflammation, which evolves in brain tissue necrosis. Most prominent symptoms are headaches, nausea and vomiting, aphasia and ataxia. This work mentions also some other amoebae as Neagleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris, Sappinia diploidea a Entamoeba histolytica. Neagleria fowleri is known as a causative agent of an illness called primary amoebic encephalitis. First, I had isolated DNA using Genomic Mini Kit from five amoeba strains. The next step was PCR amplification it is a method depending on alternation of high and lower temperatures in thermocycler. It was followed by electrophoresis, where the presence of bands in agarose gel, which I had prepared myself, showed the presence of absence of amoebic DNA fragments. In case of successful amplification (presence of PCR product) the fragment was excised from gel with scalpel and transferred in a test-tube. The DNA was then cleaned via extraction. The extraction was done with Gel/DNA Fragments Extraction Kit. An intermediate step before sequencing, we tried to clone the product it became obvious that this way is not very effective. The sequencing was provided by the company Seqme. Following work with sequences was conducted in programs BioEdit and alignment in ClustalX. Then, phylogenetic trees were computed in the program PAUP and viewed in TreeView. The results were interpreted in the terms of relationships between the amoebae majority of them belonged to the most common genotype, T4, but their relations within the genotype were not so tight. Concerning the clinical samples available to me (both from human eyes), one of them (O1) belonged to T4 genotype, whereas the other one (O2) belonged to the genotype T3. Another result was evaluation of the effectivity of different primers: specific primers AcaJDP1 and AcaJDP2 were much more efficient than originally used "eukaryotic" primers ERIB1 and ERIB10.
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Body - Physicality - Image between Art Education and Drama Education
Linhartová, Kateřina ; Šamšula, Pavel (advisor) ; Slavík, Jan (referee) ; Machková, Eva (referee)
Summary: We work on the assumption that art education as well as the whole educational system should deal with the current issue of "the turn towards body and physicality". Human body, unlike the new rapidly developing media, is the oldest medium that our forefathers used as a means of expression. This may be the cause of the erroneous assumption that we can use this tool without actually learning to use it as we do when working with other visual media. We are attempting to refute this common fallacy. On that account we examine the possibilities of inclusion of a joint concept of art and drama education into regular lessons at primary schools as well as other types of schools. Our aim also is to develop the dialogue between art education and drama education. This work seeks to phrase the reasons and search for the ways of development of physical skills and abilities in art education based on the drama education methodology, while searching for a new concept of work with imagery in drama education in order to achieve its objectives. The researched joint art and drama concept relates to the new concept of the subject of Art and Drama Education taught at the Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague. Key words: body, physicality, body scheme, body image, image, semiotic body, body representation,...
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Ultrasonographic evaluation of cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with Fabry disease
Paleček, Tomáš ; Bultas, Jan (advisor) ; Pudil, Radek (referee) ; Kittnar, Otomar (referee)
Fabry disease is an X-linked glycosphingolipid storage disorder caused by deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A. This leads to progressive intracellular accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids, mainly globotriaosylceramide. Besides various extracardiac disease-related abnormalities, cardiovascular involvement represents a typical manifestation of Fabry disease. The primary underlying mechanism relies on pathological substrate accumulation in cardiomyocytes, conduction system cells, valvular fibroblasts, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. The development of cardiac and vascular hypertrophy represents a characteristic cardiovascular feature of Fabry disease. The aim of our studies was to describe in detail cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with Fabry disease using ultrasonography, which currently represents basic noninvasive imaging modality in cardiology. We focused on structural and functional abnormalities of ventricles, valvular apparatus and their relationship to vascular involvement expressed on common carotid arteries. We also compared the diagnostic accuracy of the two novel echocardiographic methods used for the left ventricular diastolic function assessment. The possible existence of circulating proliferative factor, which might be associated with...
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Molecular factors of artherogenesis in chronic kidney disease with experimental model of chronic inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthesis and its Effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitoin
Lecian, Dalibor ; Matouš, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Tesař, Vladimír (referee) ; Zadražil, Josef (referee)
The experimental part of the thesis covered the markers involved in nitric oxide deficiency model in rats. The analogue of arginine N-nitro- L -arginine-methyl ester ( L -NAME) was used. L -NAME administration resulted in sustained elevation of BP, decreased GFR, and in higher albuminuria compared to control animals. The administration of hypolipidemic drug - atorvastatin to Wistar rats was studied. The statin used caused lower albuminuria and prevented decreases in GFR in L -NAME rats without having an impact on hypertension. CAV1 protein expression was similar in all groups of rats. In contrast, VEGF expression and RhoA activity was increased in L -NAME-treated animals, and normalized with coadministration of atorvastatin. Clinical part of the thesis focused on the analysis of markers of oxidative stress in obese and non-obese patients with CKD and after kidney transplantation. The patients with CKD had elevated serum concentrations of AGEs, sRAGE and ADMA with the maximal concentrations of AGEs in the patients on hemodialysis. The successful kidney transplantation decreases the AGEs, sRAGE and ADMA concentrations but not to normal value according to general population. Patients with obesity exhibited lower concentrations of sRAGE in CKD as a protective factor for cardiovascular disease. Concentrations of...
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The therapy of Alzheimer disease
Veselá, Michaela ; Melicharová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxikology Student : Michaela Veselá Supervisit : PharmDr. Ludmila Melicharová Title of diploma thesis : The therapy of Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease is becoming more pressing problem of today's population. It is very serious progressive-neurodegenerative disorder mainly manifested by memory loss, cognitive dysfunction and personality changes. This thesis provides topical summary of the most important aspects of treatment of Alzheimer's disease. There are introduced basic characteristics of Alzheimer's disease, its possible causes and brief summary of currently used and new considered therapeutic approaches.
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