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Role of wetlands in water budget of landscape
Pokorný, J. ; Lhotský, R.
Wetlands are unterstood as shallow, seasonally or permanently waterlogger or flooded areas which normaly suppostr hydrophytic vegetation. Various definitions of wetlands are given. Water retention above soil surface, in wetland soil and role of wetland plants in water cycle and solar energy dissipation are briefly explained. Examples of long term monitoring water retention in a peat bog and functioning of a wetland landscape during flood are given. Role of watelands in landscape restoration is mentioned.
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Utilize of instrumentality PSE (Pressurized Solvent Extraction) in food analysis
Grulichová, Hana ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is engaged in the modern method of extraction PSE (pressurized solvent extraction). There have been two types of this apparatus, One PSE and Fast PSE. In this thesis, the apparatus and its behavior is described. Extraction of anthraquinones, strychnine, berberine, glycyrrhizin, ligustilides from medical plants is presented below. These substancies are used mainly in treatment for various diseases. In this work is noticed trace elements, tocopherols, alkylbenzene sulphonate, isoflavone, dionine, betacarotene, vitamin E, polyphenol extracted from biological samples. Utilization of the substancies from biological samples is very different. Some one decreased risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, cancer and other is by contrast deleterious toxin. High attention is devoted to substancies presented in food such as polychlorinated biphenyls, various pesticides, lipids, oxysterols. These substancies are in food rather undesirable than is why their amount is determinated to the food isn´t deleterious.
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Investigation of Biologically Active Plant Secondary Metabolites by Antioxidant and Anti-Aggregative Tests
Řeháková, Zuzana ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Semecký, Vladimír (referee) ; Grančai, Daniel (referee)
The effort to find compounds with significant antioxidant properties and with some other therapeutically useful biological activity (e.g. anti-platelet activity) from the wide group of sturcturally different naturally occuring compouds (or plant extracts) or their synthetic derivatives, was the purpose of this work. Radical Scavenging activity of tested compounds or plant extracts was measured by modified DPPH test use program SIA (sequential injection analysis). Singificant radical scavenging activity exhibited polyfenols, namely gallic acid (EC50= 0,0025 ± 0,002 mg/ml) and ethyl-gallate (EC50= 0,0038 ± 0,001 mg/ml). Also the pure latex of Croton lechleri exhibited significantly radical scavenging activity (EC50=0,0347 ± 0,018 mg/ml). From the group of tested methylcoumarins, the excelent antioxidant aktivity exhibited ortho-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarins, espicially 7,8-dihydroxy-4- methylcoumarin and its derivatives (EC50= 24,9 ± 2,7 μM). Further was the antioxidant activity tested by FRAP methods modified to used micropalates P 400 μl. This spectrofothometric method based on ability of compounds to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+, confirmed the antioxidant activity of ortho-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarins. The antiplatelet activity of pure compounds and herbal extracts was assayed in vitro on the model of human...
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Medicinal plants in Karlovy Vary region and their utilization in education
Bínová, Eliška ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee) ; Skýbová, Jana (advisor)
In the following pages we can find a comprehensive material for the education of medicinal plants and their usage in practical life. The text could be useful for teachers of primary and secondary schools. However its usage is not only for classwork, it might be applied in practical life as well. It also serves as an informative text of the theme mentioned. This work is primarily focused on Karlovy Vary region. The text is aimed at the most fundamental terms and notions of folk healing. Then it concetrates on the use of medical plants not only for tea therapy, but also for another processing. In this work you will learn basic information about the cultivation of medical plants and how are they herborized. You will also get acquainted with basic plant races which are growing almost everywhere. Medical plants are also used in liqueur industry. The bestknown brand is Becherovka. This herbal liqueur, which has two hundred-year tradition, is full of mystery. The basic teaching method in this work is a project. After short common introduction, where is an outline about how to make a project education, there are five elaborated projects with the same theme "medicinal plants". The aim of this work was to give basic information about medicinal plants. Furthermore there are elaborated school projects, which can be...
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Effect of coniferous monoculture plantation on plant species dversity
Němeček, Jakub ; Vojta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Douda, Jan (referee)
A structure and a function of a monoculture woodland is diferent from the natural woodland condition. This is an influence of a herb layer diversity. The change of the herb layer are mainly distinguishable in the case of tree coniferous monoculture. They are the poorest at all of them viewpoint diverzity. The diversity of the woodland was analysed with an insuffiently consequence. This study get the knowledge about the species composition and the diversity of these monoculture. At the same time get the knowlege about next factores, which change diversity and species composition of stand. As a confirmation of this, coniferous monoculture are numerously and species-compositionally diferent from broadleave monoculture. And more, coniferous trees change the enviroment's condition and the whole biotopes. There are not depend any species of the herb layer at the coniferous monoculture on this studied site of Křivoklátsko.
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Biological activity of plant metabolites. XVII. Influence of alkaloids from different plant taxons on acetylcholinesterase.
Nováková, Jana ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee)
Nováková, J.: Biological activity of plant metabolites XVII. Influence of alkaloids from several taxons of plants on acetylcholinesterase. Rigorous thesis. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 2008. p. 71. Within the frame of the rigorous thesis, a screening of alkaloids from some botanical taxons used or toxikologically significant in Europe (and also in traditional Chinese medicine) on inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was performed. Using a suitable extraction method the summary extracts from morfological parts of Laurus nobilis L. (leaf), Buxus sempervirens L. (sprigs and leaf), Lycopodium clavatum L. (aerial parts), Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (stamens and bulb), Fritillaria thunbergii L. (tuber), Fritillaria cirrhosa L. (tuber), Stemona spp. (root) a Stephania tetrandra S. Moore (root) have been obtained. Individual extracts were prepared by digestion and further analyzed by TLC on silica gel in neutral and basic system for alkaloid content (Dragendorff-reactant). Inhibitory activities of the extracts and of the standards (physostigmine, galanthamine) were subsequently determined by means of autobiographical method using TLC (silica gel, only neutral developing system). AChE came from eletrical conger, 1-naphtyl acetate and Fast Blue B Salt were used for...
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Vegetation succession and soil development on heaps from brown coal mining
Veselý, Martin ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
Plant diversity and selected soil parameters from 36 sites placed on brown coal mining spoil heaps were analyzed and compared. Spontaneously revegetated or technically reclaimed spoil heaps of different age were situated in brown coal mining district of eastern Most basin in north western part of the Czech republic. Samples were sorted in groups according to vegetation growth and type. Plant diversity increases during succession development and is higher on non-reclaimed sites than reclaimed sites, where diversity decreases with time. Soil bulk density decreases during succession on all sites. Soil pH is decreasing too and this process is faster on spontaneously revegetated sites. Old successional forest type sites have very acid soils probably due to properties of original mineral matrix. Thickness of organic horizon and A horizon is increasing during succession and they appear in mid-aged sites first. Content of soil organic carbon is increasing continuously. Non-reclaimed sites reach higher contents, mainly because of higher content of fossil organic matter in spoil mineral matrix. Keywords: vegetation succession, soil development, reclamation, brown coal mining heaps
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