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The role and status of women in top politics in Czechoslovakia in the years 1948-1968
Kočišková, Jana ; Pernes, Jiří (advisor) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee) ; Konečný, Karel (referee)
Univerzita Karlova Filozofická fakulta Ústav Politologie Doktorský studijní program: Politologie Studijní obor: Politologie Annotation to the Dissertation Thesis Role a postavení žen ve vrcholné politice v Československu v letech 1948-1968 The role and status of women in top politics in Czechoslovakia in the years 1948-1968 Mgr. Jana Kočišková Vedoucí práce: Doc. PhDr. Jiří Pernes, Dr. Praha 2017 Annotation: The aim of dissertation thesis is to comprehensively assess and analyze the role and participation of women in top level politics in Czechoslovakia in the years 1948-1968. Selected time period belongs in terms of political participation of women to the less studied. The dissertation deals with and explores the relevance of the three basic kinds of factors affecting the proportion of women in top level politics (institutional, socio-economic and cultural), with regard to the specifics of a given type of undemocratic political regime, the pervasive communist ideology and the leading role of the Communist Party. Cultural factors include historical tradition of female political participation in Czechoslovakia, women's issues in the communist ideology and its application in the USSR and Czechoslovakia in practice. Socio-economic factors include living standard of population, level of education, level of...
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Gender quotas in politics
Mottlová, Markéta ; Bíba, Jan (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee)
The main claim of my thesis is that demand of higher representation of women in politics and calling for quotas are legitimate. This claim is based on theoretical framework of descriptive and group representation. Essentialism is rejected in the line of reasoning in favour of more women in politics. Instead, current disadvantage of women and social and institutional barriers are pointed out. Although there are no common women's interestes, equality issues are predominantly placed on the political agenda by female politicians. Besides gender stereotypes the biggest obstacle for women in politics are their own political parties because they nominate few women and they do not place them at the top of candidate lists. Civic Democratic Party before election to Chamber of Deputies in 2013 was an example of the concept glass cliff when women get to leadership positions in the context of crisis. Quotas are based on mistrust of gradual development. Efficiency of quotas depends on how many political parties use them and in which position in parlament these parties are. The order of candidates on the ballots is also important. Nowadays there is a proposal of legislative quotas which would be obligatory for all political parties.
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Political Parties in the Czech Republic and Quotas for Women in Politics
Pospíšek, Pavel ; Gelnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kotábová, Věra (referee)
This thesis deals with political parties in the Czech republic which are currently in the parliament and their attitude towards implementing quotas. It's goal is to find out the importance of this topic for the parties in their election programmes and regulations and whether there is a clash between what parties declare and how they act in the real political life. There is about 20 percent of women in politics in the Czech republic at the present time and there has been no attempt to increase this number by implementing law quotas. Nevertheless we can come across some backup actions at an intraparty level. The author analyses attitudes of the current parliamentary parties with regards to the development of women's political representation in case of older political subjects. His focus is also to present the difference in understanding quotas as affirmative action or positive discrimination.
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Quotas in politics as a way to obtain equality between the sexes?
Mottlová, Markéta ; Bíba, Jan (advisor) ; Vargovčíková, Jana (referee)
The main purpose of this text is to answer a question whether quotas in politics create conditions for obtaining equality between the sexes. Women's consistent underrepresentation in legislatures constitutes a democratic deficit and quotas are suggested as a possible means of attaining women's equal participation in political decision-making. Arguments for and against quotas will be showed. Quotas are aligned with several concepts - a politics of presence, descriptive representation and differentiated citizenship. It will be also explained why the unequal distribution of the unpaid labor of the family is a major obstacle for women to gain equality in politics. It will be described what types of quotas are actually applied, what are the effects of gender quotas in terms of numbers as well as the empowerment of women and under what conditions are women politicians able to make use of their positions as elected politicians. Attention will be paid to some years of experience with the implementation of quotas in Africa, whether the inclusion of women in politics furthers democratization and interests of women. South Africa will be showed as a country in which gender quotas are applied with success. In contrast negative effects of quotas in certain political system and context will be pointed out.
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Gender in everyday work - self-government and public administration
JAROLÍMKOVÁ, Jana
Because of I am a woman the gender issues are very close to me. Different perceptions of men and women we can see all arend us. Attributing stereotypical roles may have influence for the society as a whole. Currently have these issues the more and more attention. I believe that this is a favorable time for a change. From the available sources it is clear that sex discrimination does exist. Women do not have the same conditions as men. The role of mother has not enough for them. They want to achieve their own successes. And the more successes they want to achieve, the more they are forced to overcome barriers. In the theoretical part, after studying literature and other sources, I'm trying to describe briefly the main ideas of feminism and its influence on the pursuit of equality between men and women. Attention was focused primarily on gender, describing the basic concepts, as shown in the society and what principles are used in practice in these issues. After then I examine the labor market and the discrimination that exists here. From the available literature, I found out what the position of women and men in the labor market and what types of discrimination women face. I described the legislative measures in the Czech Republic and European Union. The closing part of theoretical part I focused for the women in politics and leadership positions and barriers, which restrict them access to these realms. The practical part of my work is divided into two chapters. In the first chapter, I analyzed the situation on the labor market of Czech Republic in terms of women's representation in politics. Representation of women is very low. I expressed my opinion on the issue of equal representation of men and women in politics and quotas that could solve this situation. The second chapter is devoted of the research, in which I learned how the public perceived gender issues, whether they met with the discrimination on the labor market themselves and whether they agree with these positive measures like the correct solution for this problem. For gaining these datas, I chose the method of questionnaire survey, thanks to which I managed to get valid answers from 195 respondents. In the final part, I evaluated the results of the questionnaire and to suggested the recommendations how to resolve the current situation.
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Political Representation of Women in the Czech Republic
Kuželová, Tereza ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Reschová, Jana (referee)
This thesis deals with the women's representation in Czech political parties. Its aim is to capture the parliamentary parties' ideas about the women in politics and subsequently to assess to what extent these parties meet their ideas. The thesis also identifies the most important barriers to women's participation in politics, which are based on the responses obtained from surveys with politicians. The thesis firstly describes some basic concepts, which are essential for the understanding of the problem as a whole. Than it characterizes the development of the role of women in the Czech lands from the 19th century to the communist period. Afterwards, the attention is paid to the impacts that act on the representation of women in politics. From this theoretical basis goes the thesis into the analysis of the current parliamentary parties, where it is found, that not all parties which declare equality of opportunity for women and men meet this equality in reality. But this dependence can be also applied vice versa, even parties that don't openly declare the equality of men and women may actually be inclined to women. The whole thesis is concluded with the evaluation of questionnaire.
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Women in Czech politics and opinions of female students of Social sciences on women political involvement in politics
ZELENKOVÁ, Aneta
The main objective of my thesis is to outline basic concepts helping to understand the gender issue. Following these finds I want to focus on the concepts of the modern political scene and on the mapping of the theoretical finds and facts regarding the numbers of politically engaged women in Czech politics. A bigger part of this thesis will focus on the research which will consist of two parts. The original assumption consisted of only one research but while writing my thesis I encountered new facts which I wanted to include and that is why I conducted two researches. The topic of the thesis is the question of gender division of roles in the political sphere in the Czech Republic. Based on the introductory theoretical description of development of the emancipation movement striving for active participation of women in modern democratic politics and characterization of the situation in the Czech society, a research into the division of roles between men and women will be conducted. An attempt to state the reasons why there are less women in politics nowadays will be based on active cooperation with PF JCU students through information gained from questionnaire survey. The anticipated conclusion will be a summary of all finds and an attempt to suggest a solution to reach an optimal state in Czech politics.
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Representation of the women in the politics: the case study of The Czech Republic
Pozlovská, Zuzana ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Reschová, Jana (referee)
The thesis is about the representation of the women in the politics, especially in The Czech Republic. The goal is to answer on the question, if this approach depends on the position of the political party on the ideological left-right spectrum. First the thesis is focused on the development of the women's position in the society since the 18th century and on the women's right struggle within feminism. The second part of thesis presents the methods, which support the women's political activity. The last capture analyzes the approach to the women in politics of seven political parties, which won the seat in the Chamber of Deputies in Parliament of The Czech Republic in the years 2006 and 2010. It compares their approach to policy of equal gender representation in the party's documents and in the reality. The result of the analysis is that the power of the party is more important than its position on left-right spectrum in the approach to women. The more powerful party is the less opportunities have the women in politics.
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The participation of women in high politics in selected countries of Latin America: current trends
Rada, Tomáš ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Školkayová, Marta (referee)
The main theme of this bachelor thesis is political emancipation of women in Latin America. The first part presents the issue of women in politics, arguments in favor of and against more engagement of women. Generally analyzes two important factors that influence women's representation in parliament: the electoral system with its particular components and the gender quotas. The second part analyzes, based on the acquired knowledge, the contemporary situation in Latin America, specifically in three countries: Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. The ambition of this thesis is to identify contemporary trends that occur in these countries.
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