|
|
The receivables overdue of state: One of the biggest issues of fiscal policy in the Czech Republic from 2000 to 2014
Šebestová, Katarína ; Zeman, Karel (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee)
The aim of the thesis is the analysis of the volume of state receivables overdue arising mainly from the underpayment of taxes, duties, social insurance during the time period from 2000 to 2014. The aim is also an analysis of the recovery of overdue receivables in the Czech Republic that should lead to identification of causes of bad developments in the period. The topic is important and actual because of the fact that the overdue claims are one of the biggest challenges of fiscal policy in the Czech Republic over the past 15 years. Benefit from examining this issue should be to identify the causes of negative developments in the period. The theoretical part describes the theory of economic policy with special reference to one of their major segments, fiscal policy, which is the essence of tackle. Then it analyzes the theory of government failure, the theory of moral hazard, etc. The main content of the practical part is to analyze the volumes of different types of overdue receivables in the period, an analysis of the recovery of overdue receivables in the Czech Republic, the identification and characterization of the causes of negative developments and, last but not least, the draft national economic measures aimed at eliminating these causes.
|
|
|
Public Support for Applied Research and Development from the Perspective of selected Business Entity
Novák, Karel ; Musil, Martin (advisor) ; Krbová, Jana (referee)
This thesis analyses the causes of states interventions in the market environment and the risk associated with them, in particular with the state support of research and development. There are several types of support, each of them has benefits on the one hand and inducted costs on the other one. The thesis assesses the benefits and inducted cost of the various types of state support of research and development from the perspective of the company Vyzkumny ustav organickych syntez. In the case of this business entity there is the economic analysis performed and the decision rule for the most appropriate aid derived. At the same time thesis tries to find how to increase efficiency of the government support.
|
|
|
Science and Research as an Important Positive Externality
Novák, Karel ; Musil, Martin (advisor) ; Krbová, Jana (referee)
The work focuses on the issue of research and development funding from public resources, mainly on the project funding of applied research. The aim of the work is to describe some aspects, which were brought to this area by Science, research and innovations reform approved by the Czech Government on 26th March 2008. Public intervention in this area is discussed in terms of the basic economic theories. The efficiency of public funds spending is discussed in terms of the cost-output-quality output-benefit chain. The part of the work is a comparison of the state funding of the applied research and development in the Czech Republic and other countries. The work tries to find some connections between changes in the way of assessing research quality and direction of financial flows in this area.
|
|
|
The protection of the economic competition and the role of providing of state aid to enterprises
Paneš, Patrik ; Zemplinerová, Alena (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee)
State aid is the government intervention, which affects the economic competition because of the preference of certain market subjects. The European Union has concluded that if there exists any violation of competition in the international scale, it would be the reason for constitution of supranational regulation of its providing. The economic policy of subsidizing of chosen market subjects could be in principle taken into account as the subset of the industrial economic policy. Through it, the governments fulfill their miscellaneous structural intentions, from aborning industries helping till the declining industries saving. However, this type of the economic policy seems to be contrary to the protection of the economic competition, which has been declared as the one of key segments of the economic policy of the European Union. Selective privileges constitute anti-competition policy, so thus has been their control incorporated within the policy of the protection of competition. During the reviewing of the legality of provided state aid, we could see that the authorities prefer simpler, just legal review of the problem instead of the deeper economic testing of the given case. And that is the reason (together with the high recency of the theme), why this dissertation aims the generally neglected, economical aspect of the problem. I.a. it concentrates itself on the sight from the perspective of the Public Choice economic theory, which studies the interrelationship between the worlds of politics and economics. This important relation could not be marginalized and during the research work abstracted. Logical structure of exposed dissertation follows: first ordinary chapter focuses on the theoretical concepts of the state aids. It regards chosen questions from the point of view of different streams of the economic thoughts. It devotes itself especially to the effects of the state aids on the economy from the light of macroeconomics, microeconomics and international economics. It contains also conclusions of some empirical analyses. Next chapter focuses on the legal environment of the branch of subsidizing. Primary it contains communitary regulations of the European Union, secondary the list of legislation relevant for the Czech Republic and within the World Trade Organization, which has constituted unique system of countervailing measures. Next part of the dissertation maps different possibilities of measurement of the extent of granted state aids. With the stipulation of calculation difficulty and resulting lower ability of comparability, it uses subsequently four sources of data. One part of the dissertation is especially devoted to the analytical statistical system of the European Union, which is called the Scoreboard. First, there is characterized its methodology, and further, there is -- with the use of this database -- analyzed the structure of state aid granting within the area of the European Union. Its development is compared with the aim of the Lisbon strategy from the year of 2000. Last ordinary chapter represents the attempt -- on the base of the enterprise data -- to elementary research of the existence of the link between state aid and final market. Analysis could be characterized as the contribution to the -- yet more likely occasionally -- research of the effects of subsidizing within the context of competitiveness of target industry. Tested hypotheses are: larger industries receive more subsidies and industries receiving subsidies do not improve their competitiveness. For the case study has been the combination of four data sources used. The goal of this dissertation is the description of the questions of state aid provision from the highest possible number of different points of view, of course with the accent on the economics and with the stipulation of constraint of (un)availability of relevant data. In the end of the dissertation there are submitted some practical economic policy suggestions. During its elaboration there was wide variety of specialized literature used and great number of relevant thought and data sources processed, after all as the enclosed list at the very end of this thesis could show. The value added of exposed dissertation and its contribution to the existing research of chosen theme is namely the complexity of analysis, the compilation of previously developed knowledge, and also empirical findings.
|
|
|
BLOOD MARKET - HOW HEALTH SERVICE RELIES ON DONOR´S ALTRUISM
Šálek, Jakub ; Šíma, Josef (advisor) ; Houdek, Petr (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the issues of the blood donation and the regulation of trade in blood and blood derivatives. It is generally known that the blood taking is in the majority based upon altruism of donors. Society perceives paid blood taking donations as an unethical and an immoral. Besides, paid donations are in violation of a worldwide long term efforts that have been trying to prohibit a monetary remuneration. A related question is whether the unpaid donations can satisfy the increasing demand for blood, and what sort of problems a state regulation bears. The first part of this work provides us a brief historical development of blood transfusion, which is further connected to economic theory and modified to the market in blood; particularly to the theory of price regulation and product (quality). The second part focuses on a comparison of three different markets and discussion of altruism and donations issue.
|
|
|
Current problems and prospects of the Hungarian economy
Kůželová, Tereza ; Stuchlíková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Vondrušková, Barbora (referee)
The thesis deals with problems of the current Hungarian economy. In 2008, Hungary faced the threat of the state bankruptcy and had to ask the international institutions for a financial help. Nowadays, Hungary is slowly recovering from the crisis thanks to a lot of reforms and the foreign help. First chapter deals with the theory of economic policy, its bodies, goals and development. The government failure is also mentioned. Second chapter summarizes the economic development of Hungary from the economic transformation to the year 2008. Third part analyzes two current problems of the Hungarian economy - public expenditures and the indebtedness of households. The stabilization steps are also described. The final chapter is dedicated to the current situation in the country, international financial help and prospects to the future.
|
|
|
State vs. Market in Provision of Health Insurance
Janíčková, Martina ; Chalupníček, Pavel (advisor) ; Běláčková, Vendula (referee)
The present work deals with the health insurance, the views of how health insurance is provided and with the related problems. The objective is to outline theoretically and from the aspect of insurance the principles of insurance, to define the estate of health and its specificity and the problems associated with insurance. The next theoretical part deals in general with the arguments favouring the interventions by the government and with the government failures. In the analytical level, there is the effort to describe how the health insurance system in the U.S.A. is working, namely in the country the health system of which is the closest to the market model, and to compare it with the European systems. The main problems of the health care systems in the U.S.A., namely the high prices, number of uninsured persons that are attributed right to the market failures, are viewed from the perspective of government failure and regulations. A historical view of the operation of fraternal societies is included. Such societies successfully operated without any government interventions and their original legacy was practically destroyed through government interventions.
|
|
| |
guest ::
