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Changes in dry grassland and thermophilous forest vegetation and the species traits explaining these changes
Míšek, Vojtěch ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Větvičková, Anna (referee)
Calcareous dry grasslands and adjacent thermophilous deciduous forests are important biotopes in terms of biodiversity. They have been shaped by human activity for a long time. Grasslands were grazed or mown, forests were coppiced and the litter was raked. The abandonment of these traditional practices is the main cause why both biotopes are threatened nowadays. A return to these forms of management is essential for the restoration and protection of these communities. In my bachelor's thesis, in addition to the characteristics of dry grasslands and deciduous forests and the factors that influence the vegetation of these biotopes, I deal with species traits that can help explain and predict these changes. Key words: xerothermic grassland, thermophilous forest, vegetation change, species traits.
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Landscape-scale changes in central Europe around the Pleistocene-Holocene transition and the Anthropocene
Prach, Jindřich ; Pokorný, Petr (advisor) ; Kuosmanen, Niina Irina (referee) ; Roleček, Jan (referee)
This thesis investigates the dynamics of the central European landscape. Four case studies, exploring two key periods of environmental transformation: Late Glacial and the Anthropocene, are included. All case studies are connected by the spatial scale of interest: the landscape scale. This scale is targeted not only by the spatial extent of the sampling, but by the essence of the issues investigated, as broadly described in the introduction. The studies use disparate methods and different contexts, which helps to approach such a complex phenomenon - the landscape and its formation. The included studies are dealing with the Last Glacial landscape and vegetation by (1) comparing pollen records using modern analogues (here from Yakutia) and argues that the change at the Late Glacial/Holocene transition may not have been as great as previously thought, because at least somewhere forests may had existed during the Last Glacial being supported by permafrost melting. A follow-up study (2) explores how permafrost melting, i.e., thermokarst processes, generated an entire lake landscape whose remnants unexpectedly largely persist in the Třeboň region (southern Czech Republic) to recent times. This is followed by (3) the use of a detailed palaeoenvironmental record of the discovered lakes and their contexts...
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Landscape photography in the research of landscape change
Skokanová, H. ; Halas, Petr ; Koutecký, T. ; Kallabová, Eva ; Havlíček, M. ; Slach, T.
The paper presents partial results of “entering” landscape photography, which can be considered as a complementary method for the research of landscape changes. Unlike the usual assessment of landscape changes using cartographic and other archival sources, old landscape photographs can contribute to the deeper knowledge of the local specifics of the examined places or supplement the conventional procedures. Thanks to the ongoing project, supported by the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic (TL02000222), we documented changes in photographic shots of various landscapes in the 20th century. We also added information about environment, vegetation, and geography and photo documentation of the details of the researched shot. This creates a comprehensive output for each old landscape photograph. Such processed photographs have been presented at exhibitions in museums and galleries. Furthermore, they will be available to municipalities and public at a web page created as a tool to support public recreation. Here we present some examples from the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands. They show four types of landscape changes: 1) afforestation and overgrowth bywoody vegetation, 2) changes in the agricultural landscape, 3) loss of the grazing landscape, and 4) changes related to watercourses.\n
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Processes in the forest vegetation of thermophyticum in the past decades
Pospíšková, Marie ; Hédl, Radim (advisor) ; Szabó, Péter (referee)
The thermophilous forests, especially their herb layer, are important from the conservational as well as from the cultural point of view because they represent unique communities directly and indirectly affected by man on the long term basis. Since the 19th century the way these communities are affected changed significantly, the same way as the whole society changed, and the vegetation responded by shift of species composition, diversity and also changes of the spatial structure. This thesis brings together the most relevant changes of vegetation and their causes. However, there is similar situation in the whole Europe, or more widely in the whole temperate zone, thus there are references also for other countries. Regarding historical ecology, one of the most studied countries is the Great Britain, which is mentioned the most often in this work.
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Land-cover changes and climatic settings of the Úpské rašeliniště mire
Hejda, Tomáš ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
Mires, or wetlands, are very important habitats, ecosystems, as well as relict and recent reserves. The object of the study of mires is focused on morphological, hydrological and chemical characteristics as they are more discussed globally due to climate change. The present thesis deals with the characteristics of mires on a global scale, which are used in literature and make up their classification. The classification of mires is also addressed on the Czech scale with a focus on the Western High Sudetes. Mires of the Giant Mts. were analyzed according to climate conditions with a focus on the dynamics of land cover areas of Úpské rašeliniště mire and subsequently compared with Scandinavian mires. A particularly strong dependence on the Aapa type can be stated from the analysis. The vegetation above the alpine timberline primarily consisting of dwarf pines (Pinus mugo) and spruce families showed a substantial increase with respect to the impacts of climate fluctuations in the recorded period in Eastern High Giant Mts. Key words: mires, classification, Giant Mts., climate, vegetation change
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The spread of invasive neophytes in the riparian vegetation of the Lužnice River
Eliášová, Kateřina ; Matějček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hrdina, Aleš (referee)
This thesis studies the spread of invasive neophytes along the South Bohemian Lužnice River. The literature search deals with plant invasions, floodplains and the area of interest. The riparian vegetation along the Lužnice River was mapped with emphasis on 17 taxons of invasive neophytes. The mapping was realized in four sections that were 3-5 km long. The results are compared with the state ascertained by monitoring in the same location in 2008. The results indicate a general increase of invasions and an intensive spread of Impatiens parviflora since the previous mapping. Generally widespread invasive taxa in the studied area are Impatiens parviflora and Impatiens glandulifera of the herbaceous plants. The occurence of Robinia pseudacacia of the woody plants is also common. Other observed taxa occur only locally or in smaller amounts. Keywords: IAS, riparian vegetation, plant invasion, vegetation mapping, watercourse, vegetation change
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Vegetation changes in Czech lowland forests over the past decades
Kopecký, Martin ; Hédl, Radim (advisor) ; Chytrý, Milan (referee) ; Diekmann, Martin (referee)
Vegetation changes in Czech lowland forests over the past decades Martin Kopecký ABSTRACT To explore decadal changes in plant species diversity and composition of typical lowland forests in the Czech Republic, I compared vegetation on plots sampled decades ago with vegetation on the same plots sampled recently. First I evaluated the robustness of the approach used in my thesis. In Chapter 1, we provided the first direct test of the effect of uncertainty in original plot location on results from vegetation resurvey. We found that temporal trends in vegetation diversity and composition were comparable between exactly relocated permanent and only approximately relocated semi-permanent plots. Therefore, we conclude that the resurvey of semi-permanent plots is robust to the uncertainty in original plot location. Then, we showed that vegetation in lowland oak forest shifted from species-rich communities of thermophilous forest toward species poorer communities of mesic forest (Chapter 2). The species typical for thermophilous oak forests and nationally endangered species suffered the most significant decline. We identified as the main driver behind these changes shift from traditional coppicing toward high forest management after WWII. Further, we explored the processes behind temporal shifts in species diversity...
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Land-cover changes and climatic settings of the Úpské rašeliniště mire
Hejda, Tomáš ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
Mires, or wetlands, are very important habitats, ecosystems, as well as relict and recent reserves. The object of the study of mires is focused on morphological, hydrological and chemical characteristics as they are more discussed globally due to climate change. The present thesis deals with the characteristics of mires on a global scale, which are used in literature and make up their classification. The classification of mires is also addressed on the Czech scale with a focus on the Western High Sudetes. Mires of the Giant Mts. were analyzed according to climate conditions with a focus on the dynamics of land cover areas of Úpské rašeliniště mire and subsequently compared with Scandinavian mires. A particularly strong dependence on the Aapa type can be stated from the analysis. The vegetation above the alpine timberline primarily consisting of dwarf pines (Pinus mugo) and spruce families showed a substantial increase with respect to the impacts of climate fluctuations in the recorded period in Eastern High Giant Mts. Key words: mires, classification, Giant Mts., climate, vegetation change
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Processes in the forest vegetation of thermophyticum in the past decades
Pospíšková, Marie ; Hédl, Radim (advisor) ; Szabó, Péter (referee)
The thermophilous forests, especially their herb layer, are important from the conservational as well as from the cultural point of view because they represent unique communities directly and indirectly affected by man on the long term basis. Since the 19th century the way these communities are affected changed significantly, the same way as the whole society changed, and the vegetation responded by shift of species composition, diversity and also changes of the spatial structure. This thesis brings together the most relevant changes of vegetation and their causes. However, there is similar situation in the whole Europe, or more widely in the whole temperate zone, thus there are references also for other countries. Regarding historical ecology, one of the most studied countries is the Great Britain, which is mentioned the most often in this work.
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