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Analysis of experimental activities in chemistry textbooks for primary schools
Špísová, Klára
The aim of the thesis is to analyze experimental activities in chemistry textbooks for primary schools in the Czech Republic. The types of activities and their placement in the phases of teaching, cognitive demand are examined. The analysis includes the most used textbooks of chemistry - textbooks by Fortuna: Základy chemie 1, 2 and Základy praktické chemie 1, 2. Textbooks by Nová škola, Fraus and Taktik for 8th and 9th grade. All textbooks contain suggestions for practical activities, most of them are in the ZCH, FR and NŠ textbooks. Different types of activities are identified in the chemistry textbooks, such as independent student activity, observation of teacher demonstration, laboratory work, watching videos, pictures and solving problems. Independent student activity and observation of teacher demonstration are the most common. FR and T textbooks also offer interactivity through videos. Practical topics focus mainly on the exposure phase of the lesson. In terms of the development of cognitive operations, the tasks in the chemistry textbooks focus on lower-level operations such as memorization, comprehension, and application. Higher operations, especially the development of making, was mainly in the textbooks for grade 8. The textbooks published by NŠ had a balanced representation for both grades.
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Eye-tracking as a method for monitoring students' strategies when working with the periodic table of elements
Kopecký, Adam ; Šmejkal, Petr (advisor) ; Míka, Luděk (referee)
Teaching methods try to improve every year, and modern technologies help this progress. One of these technologies is the eye-tracking method. This method allows capturing certain procedures of the respondents from their eye movements. We can subsequently derive certain specific strategies from the procedures, and subsequently adapt the teaching materials to themThe thesis focuses on the detection of different strategies of pupils when working with the periodic table with the help of an eye-tracking device. The work uses a pre-prepared test in which the students determined the specific location of specific elements in a table with displayed element symbols and proton numbers and subsequently the location of other specific elements in a blind periodic table. Subsequently, the strategy of pupils with higher self-confidence was examined and compared with the strategy of pupils with lower self-confidence. Success in finding individual elements in the test was also compared. A typical strategy, which was observed in most respondents, is to determine the location where the element is most likely to be located and then search in a sufficient area for signs that could belong to the searched element. This fact does not apply only in the case of the search for the element antimony, which the respondents could...
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Freshman chemistry student teachers' ability to balance chemical equations: performance, procedure and the effect of applet use
Hamerská, Lucie ; Rusek, Martin (advisor) ; Bílek, Martin (referee)
The research undertaken for this master thesis mapped the students' ability to evaluate chemical equations. Three main aspects were investigated: success in balancing equations, procedures and the use of the applet environment. The research sample consisted of 11 freshmen chemistry student teachers. Eye-tracking in combination with retrospective think-alouds and interviews were used to analyze the students' procedures. This thesis builds on the author's previous bachelor thesis and uses findings from the evaluation of pre-tests that addressed basic chemistry concepts in the area of particulate nature of matter and the ability to work with chemical representations with a special focus on chemical equations. The results of the research highlight the gap between conceptual understanding of the topic of chemical equations and algorithmic ability to balance chemical equations. Only five students out of 11 achieved the same results in the individual parts of the research. The achievement of more than half of the students was below what is expected at the upper secondary level. Analysis of the procedures identified problems in the students' equation balancing that may have affected their success - basic mathematical skills, omitting the final check, having to use higher values of stoichiometric...
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Use of the game Minecraft in teaching chemistry
Mrvová, Marie ; Míka, Luděk (advisor) ; Martínek, Václav (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to introduce the digital game Minecraft Education as a didactic tool in teaching chemistry. The theoretical part deals with the issue of integrating digital games into education, especially into science education. It defines the concepts and presents the advantages and disadvantages that are associated with the implementation of digital games in teaching. The history of the development of digital games and the digitalisation of education in our country is also briefly mapped. In the practical part, the game Minecraft Education is introduced. The tools and features that enable its use in chemistry classes are described. Its educational potential is explored and the problems associated with its integration into the classroom are outlined. Keywords digital game, video game, computer game, education, game-based learning, chemistry teaching, Minecraft Education
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Analysis of experimental activities in chemistry textbooks for primary schools
Špísová, Klára ; Rusek, Martin (advisor) ; Beneš, Pavel (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to analyze experimental activities in chemistry textbooks for primary schools in the Czech Republic. The types of activities and their placement in the phases of teaching, cognitive demand are examined. The analysis includes the most used textbooks of chemistry - textbooks by Fortuna: Základy chemie 1, 2 and Základy praktické chemie 1, 2. Textbooks by Nová škola, Fraus and Taktik for 8th and 9th grade. All textbooks contain suggestions for practical activities, most of them are in the ZCH, FR and NŠ textbooks. Different types of activities are identified in the chemistry textbooks, such as independent student activity, observation of teacher demonstration, laboratory work, watching videos, pictures and solving problems. Independent student activity and observation of teacher demonstration are the most common. FR and T textbooks also offer interactivity through videos. Practical topics focus mainly on the exposure phase of the lesson. In terms of the development of cognitive operations, the tasks in the chemistry textbooks focus on lower-level operations such as memorization, comprehension, and application. Higher operations, especially the development of making, was mainly in the textbooks for grade 8. The textbooks published by NŠ had a balanced representation for both grades.
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Models of enzyme-substrate interaction in chemistry teaching
Mužík, Jakub ; Kolář, Karel (advisor) ; Bílek, Martin (referee)
The Diploma Thesis deals with the application of biochemistry tasks extended by a material and multimedia model in chemistry teaching at high school and university. The main objective was to find out whether the proposed tasks meet the criteria for inclusion in the teaching of biochemistry within laboratory exercises in high school seminars and university laboratory exercises. Qualitative research using the method of semi-structured interview, intrinsic motivation inventory and activity perception questionnaire were used for the analysis. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part contains information about enzymes, their active center and today's views of their function. Furthermore, the emergence of a "guest-host" interaction between acid-base indicators and macrocyclic compounds - cyclodextrins, which serve as models for the demonstration of the interaction between the substrate and the active site of the enzyme, is described. The last chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to the methodology of research of tasks at high school and university. The practical part describes the tasks including experimentally obtained data for their realization and all the tools necessary for their implementation. Furthermore, the creation and use of material and...
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Design and verification of an inquiry-based task on the topic of acids and hydroxides for elementary school students
Tomešová, Jana ; Chroustová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Rusek, Martin (referee)
This thesis looks into inquiry-based learning in chemistry classes at elementary schools. The objective was to design an inquiry-oriented task that would achieve the compulsory outputs of the acids and bases topic while at the same time complying with the goals of inquiry-based science education. The thesis includes the definition of inquiry-based learning specifics, describes the exact course of the proposed task, and subsequently the results obtained by its realization are verified and assessed. To evaluate the task, several materials were used: the outputs created by the pupils during the activities, answers collected from the initial questionnaires, the final knowledge tests, and IMI (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) questionnaires. Based on the student outputs, the fulfillment of the set learning objectives was assessed. The pupils' progress in the newly acquired theoretical knowledge was evaluated by comparing the relative frequency of correct and incorrect answers in the initial questionnaire and the final knowledge tests. For the IMI questionnaires, the medians of the selected values in every dimension were determined, and utilizing Cronbach's alpha the internal consistency of the test was verified. Also, the Mann- Whitney U test was used to compare two lessons within the task. The...
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Teaching chemistry at high school - experimental part, proposals of chemical experiments suitable for chemical education at high school
Boguschová, Veronika ; Petrželová, Simona (advisor) ; Martínek, Václav (referee)
The experiment is an integral part of chemistry education. The use of food and natural materials effectively connects chemistry learning with everyday life. Suitable foods for this purpose are, for example, lentil-shaped candies (lentils). There are lentils from many manufacturers on the market, differing in the types of dyes used. The dyes used are both natural and synthetic. The diverse properties of these dyes allow the use of lentils for teaching different topics in chemistry. Lentils coloured with natural dyes can be used for laboratory exercises focusing on pH and acid-base indicators. In combination with experiments with extracts from natural materials, they can also be used to teach qualitative analysis and UV-VIS spectroscopy. In the diploma thesis, two laboratory exercises were designed on the analysis of dyes used in the food industry, which were later validated on secondary school students Synthetic dyes often differ in their polarity, which can be used in laboratory exercises focused on separation methods, specifically in this work for teaching chromatography and extraction. For these purposes yellow, green and blue synthetically coloured lentils are used. Proposed laboratory exercise has also been validated with secondary school students. Methodological guidelines were written for the...
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Coordination chemistry education at secondary level schools
Navrátilová, Hana ; Míka, Luděk (advisor) ; Teplý, Pavel (referee)
1 Abstract This thesis deals with the analysis of teaching coordination chemistry at secondary schools. Coordination chemistry serves as a bridge between inorganic and organic chemistry, expands fundamental concepts and encourages students to think logically. Therefore, it has great importance in continuous chemistry education. The work examines the diversity of teaching methods and explains the disadvantages of teaching coordination chemistry, particularly in terms of nomenclature. It explains why this area is important for chemists. The study analyses the teaching of coordination chemistry in university teacher programs, in school educational programs, in model questions for admission exams for chemically-oriented programs in Prague, and lastly, it addresses the approach to coordination chemistry in secondary school textbooks. The aim of this work is to highlight the inconsistency of school educational programs in the teaching of coordination chemistry, why the teaching of coordination chemistry is limited to nomenclature, and the reasons behind it. Keywords coordination chemistry, school curriculum, educational program, chemistry education, secondary school.
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Selected materials for teaching chemistry in lower grades at the eight-year grammar school
Wilhelm, Lukáš ; Šmejkal, Petr (advisor) ; Janoušková, Svatava (referee)
The incoherence of the Czech school system, which is based on the existence of three different types of grammar schools, results in a time inconsistency in the teaching of some subjects. Today, pupils at eight-year grammar schools encounter the subject of chemistry for the first time one to two years earlier than pupils at primary schools. However, the same textbook may be presented to both groups, but it may be inappropriate for younger pupils as it would not reflect the fact that they are not cognitively advanced enough. How do eight-year grammar schools themselves approach this disparity? Does the approach to teaching chemistry to younger pupils differ in foreign countries in any way? These are the questions this thesis seeks to answer. To find the answers, an analysis of Czech and selected foreign curriculum documents was used. The most important results of this thesis include the fact that eight-year grammar schools in the Czech Republic most often include a total of seven teaching units during the first year of chemistry teaching, of which the most abstract concepts are included in the teaching unit Particle composition of substances. In foreign countries, the teaching of chemistry to younger pupils does not go as in-depth as in our eight-year grammar schools, but comparable topics are...
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