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Nutrition of overweight and obese peole - generation differences
Egemová, Olga ; Svačina, Štěpán (advisor) ; Kašlíková, Jiřina (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the problems of obesity and overweight. The theoretical part includes the classification of obesity and overweight, the division of factors of origin, complications of obesity, eating disorders, and the treatment of obesity including physical activity. A section of the theoretical part considers the eating habits of different generations, and trends in eating especially among children. Furthermore, the bachelor thesis deals with the principles of healthy eating. In conclusion, there are summarized possibilities for the prevention of obesity and overweight in children and adults. In the practical part, on the basis of a questionnaire survey, the eating habits of overweight and obese trainees from different generations are evaluated and compared. Graphically, the consumption of meat, fruit and vegetables, dairy products, beverage types, as well as eating habits and physical activity are illustrated and evaluated. The evaluation is based on the quantitative questionnaire processing of two age categories in groups of obese and overweight people attending STOB group exercises and group exercises in Prague 4 Branik. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to compare the eating habits of overweight and obese individuals belonging to different generations and to draw the readers'...
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Nutritional problems in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic cells
Michková, Petra ; Šťastná-Marková, Markéta (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
Introduction: Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a serious medical complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo HSCT). It causes immunodeficiency and several organ damage and decreases survival time at two years after a transplantation. A nutritional intervention should be applied just before the transplantation, because a nutritional status significantly influences the post-transplant complications. A risk of malnutrition or metabolic syndrome can be assessed by several markers. A combination of laboratory, anthropometric, biometric and physical data is suitable for this purpose. In addition, a subjective questionnaire regarding eating habits and physical activity of the patients can be used. Objectives: This thesis deals with the patients with chronic GVHD (cGVHD) following the allo HSCT. The objective was to describe a nutritional status of the patients, to find out in which way a long-term immunosuppressive treatment affects a body composition and to describe the eating habits and the physical activity of these patients. Methods: 31 patients with GVHD and 24 patients after allo HSCT without GVHD participated in the research. A body composition (using bioelectrical impedance) and selected laboratory parameters in patients were assessed. A subjective health...
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Influence of nutritional measures on ulcerative colitis
Guznar, Jan ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Hrabák, Pavel (referee)
Diploma thesis The influence of nutritional measures on the course of ulcerative colitis deals with the influence of dietary habits on the course of ulcerative colitis (especially probiotic foods), namely impact on relapses of the disease. The theoretical part is divided into two parts. The first part describes ulcerative colitis, from definition to treatment. The second part deals with the intestinal microbiome and the factors that affect it, with an emphasis on the influence of food. The semi-structured interview method based on the questionnaire was used to elaborate the practical part. The research group consisted of respondents with ulcerative colitis who were in remission and relapse. A questionnaire was filled with respondents, which consisted of questions about the course of the disease and a frequency questionnaire targeting different groups of foods. The established eating habits were compared to each other among the respondents, given the frequency of relapse of their illnesses. Research has shown that only fermented dairy products are related to relapse rate and retention of remission. For foods that contain fiber that also modulates the intestinal microbe, the relationship between food consumption and relapse has not been proven. Also, the relationship between consumption of fatty...
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Content of macronutrients and salt in the nutrition of toddlers
Radomská, Věra ; Velemínský, Miloš (advisor) ; Stránský, Miroslav (referee)
The present diploma thesis is engaged in the content of macronutrients and salt in the diet of toddlers. The theoretical part examines the characteristics of the toddler age, delineating the physiological and psychosocial development of toddlers. In addition, the theoretical part analyses in detail the individual components of a healthy diet, fluid intake and technological procedures of meal preparation. The theoretical part further provides the characterization of correct and incorrect eating habits. The objective of the research part is to determine the knowledge level of parents with respect to a healthy diet of toddlers; another objective is to ascertain the intake of macronutrients and salt on individual days and a four-day average, based on the programme Nutriservis Professional. The third objective is to compare results relating the intake of macronutrients and salt with DACH recommendations, binding in the Czech Republic. On the basis of the evaluation of our results, as the fourth objective, recommendations for parents as to the diet of toddlers will be prepared. The research part was completed under the application of quantitative and qualitative research methods. The first part of the research was conducted by form of a questionnaire survey. The other part was carried out by making...
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Nutrition during cholelithiasis
KAMBOVÁ, Karolína
Cholelithiasis, also called gallstones, is a disease with increasing prevalence for which diet loses significance. However it has an important role for preventive measures in meaning of health complications. The goal of my bachelor thesis with the theme "Nutrition during cholelithiasis" is mapping eating habits of patients before and especially after cholecystectomy. I also focus on changes after diagnosis and its effects on patients'current eating habits compared to their previous eating habits. In the thesis is detected which nutriments have negative influence on the patient the most and which complications are connected to it. For my thesis was utilized quality research form in which I focused on smaller number of respondents. During the research were used two methods of data collection. The first one contained received table created by me into which patients recorded daily food intakes. The second method was in the form of a questionnaire combined with an interview which undergone all 8 addressed respondents. During the thesis was found out how patients' eating habits differ in real life compared to the recommended diet created for specific disease. I tried to emphasise the need of individual approach to each patient with cholelithiasis or with oncoming cholecystectomy. I found out that most of those patients are adjusting their eating habits but not all of them limit the same kind of food. As I mentioned earlier the individuality of respondents plays its part. However we can say that the majority is trying to limit income of fats, fat meals, spicy food and spices.
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Vending machines in schools and their influence on the dietary habits of pupils 2nd grade of primary school
Broumská, Petra ; Hnilicová, Helena (advisor) ; Mikeš, Ondřej (referee)
This study is oriented on the issue of the offering of food machines and buffets in the area of primaty schools. It is focused on the influence of the offering on eating habits of pupils 2nd grade of primary school. To comparison it gives the eating habits and whole lifestyle of children from majority population on one side and from gypsy families from socially excluded localities on the other side. The essential act in Czech Republic was the so called "Candy regulation" in 2016, which gives standards for food and drinks which are allowed to be offered in schools. The goal of this bachelor study is to describe eating habits of 8 and 9th grade pupils in Chomutov region and to find out how important the food machines and buffets in schools are for the lifestyle of kids. The specifics of eating habits of gypsy population from socially excluded localities are given to the context. For the research was used a questionnaire made specially for purposes of the bachelor study. The questionnaire was filled in by pupils of 8 and 9th grade pupils in Chomutov region. Respondents were from different schools which are compared in the study. It was found out, that despite the "Candy regulation" forbidden foods can still be found in schools. This was noticed in schools with bigger amount of gypsy pupils. It was...
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The comparison of dietary and regime habits of diabetics and nondiabetics
Kotková, Karolína ; Svačina, Štěpán (advisor) ; Pelcl, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is concerned with dietary and regime habits of the type 2 diabetics and non-diabetics. Diabetes mellitus is a serious illness with rising prevalence. The thesis is focused on the type 2 diabetics. Dietary and regime measures are an indispensable part of the medical treatment of this illness. The theoretical part of the thesis is dedicated to DM2, diet therapy and regime measures during DM2 and rational nutrition regarding non-diabetics. An objective of the thesis is to compare the frequency of consumption of particular groups of food and distribution of meals throughout the day between type 2 diabetic patients and non-diabetics. Regarding the group of diabetics, the thesis is also researching the relation between the length of diagnosis of diabetes and dietary habits. Data obtained are from the study FANTOM which has taken place on III. Internal clinic of the 1st Faculty of Medicine at Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague. A quantitative method in the form of a questionnaire was used to obtain the data. The results of the research regarding diabetics have shown lower consumption of unhealthy food but also lower consumption of vegetable when compared to non-diabetics. The results evaluating the relation between the length of diagnosis of diabetes and...
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Lifestyle changes affecting the overweight or obese women
Václavík, Pavel ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Skalská, Marie (referee)
Title: Lifestyle changes affecting the overweight or obese women Objective: The aim of our investigation will determine whether through physical activity and eating habits can positively affect body weight reduction in adult women with overweight and obesity. This work would also like to draw attention to eating a mostly physical habits that may not be enough , and I would also like to point out how women are familiar with this issue . Methods: To get all the data has been recovered poll list , which consists of 22 questions selected and which lasted for one month . The main task is to compare the physical and dietary habits among adult women with normal weight women and overweight and obesity. Filling in the poll list that I created on the site vyplnto.cz was completely anonymous . This could be posted to the most objective answers. Results: From the research we have confirmed all three hypotheses . We can say that women who are overweight and obese have higher energy intensity than women with normal weight , because often consume inappropriate foods that are energy rich . Regularity Boarding is at a better level in women with normal weight . Women who are overweight and obese have an exercise regimen with a lower volume than women with normal weight . Effects of physical activity and eating...
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