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The Islamic Movement Interactions within the Arab Uprisings: The impact of the Islamic movements interactions on thedemocratization process and the level of radicalization
Saad, Mohamed ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Esposito, John L (referee) ; Muhammad Mady, Abdel-Fattah (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies Department of Political Science Dissertation Abstract The Islamist Movement Interactions within the Arab Uprisings The Impact of the Islamist Movements' Interactions on the Democratization Process and the Level of Radicalization Author: Mohamed Saad Supervisor: Janusz Salamon, Ph.D. Year of the defense: 2023 Abstract The Islamist movements played a socio-political role in many Arab and Middle Eastern countries. They provided social services and a resistance ideology, either for the West or local political regimes. They mobilized their supporters in a large social movement that crystallized the Islamic Ummah's relative deprivation and common grievances. In some cases, Islamism was used as a justification ideology to legitimize the ruling regime. Also, it has been used as an ideology to justify the use of radical and jihadist violence. The Islamism involvement in the Arab Spring raised the classic dilemma in a new shape, either to integrate the Islamists in an open political process; however, this integration may undermine democracy and individual rights in the long term, or to exclude the Islamists from the political life in a way that may encourage more Islamists to resort to violence to achieve their goals. The dissertation tests...
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Instability and Upheavals in Post-2011 Lebanon: A Regional Security Perspective
El Hajaly, Joy ; Weinfurter, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Collins, Jonathan (referee)
This thesis delves into the significant role played by civil society organizations and social movements in post-2011 Lebanon, focusing on their impact on the country's security dynamics, societal changes, and the contestation of sectarianism through the lens of the Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT). The research explores how these movements have been instrumental in driving political reforms and conflict resolution by pressuring the government, advocating for policy changes, and garnering public support, leading to the adoption of new laws addressing societal grievances. The emergence of social movements in response to regional uprisings and the Syrian displacement has presented Lebanon with both challenges and opportunities. While existing power structures and resistance to change pose obstacles, the interconnectedness of these movements through digital technologies and shared goals has amplified their ability to mobilize and shape political discourse, thereby holding the potential for transformative change and creating opportunities for a more inclusive and democratic society. Empowering and supporting these actors will be crucial in fostering a more democratic and equitable nation. As Lebanon moves forward, the transformative power of civil society stands as a beacon of hope. The people's...
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Left-wing terrorism: the case of the Red Brigades in Italy and the Red Army Faction in Germany
Budilová, Michaela ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Hájek, Lukáš (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the phenomenon of left-wing terrorism in Italy and West Germany, two Western democracies where terrorism has emerged more than anywhere else in Europe. Terrorist organizations, including the Red Brigades (RB) in Italy and the Red Army Faction (RAF) in West Germany, emerged in an environment of political and social conflict and radicalized protests against the state establishment. These organisations were chosen for this diploma thesis because of their prominent status, their longevity and the influence they have gained in the field of left-wing terrorism. In its comparative analysis, the thesis attempts to simultaneously interweave three different levels of analysis: the socio-political contexts of Italy and West Germany (macro-level), a focus on the two terrorist groups and their organizational dynamics (meso-level), and the ideology and motivations of the terrorists (micro-level). The aim of this thesis is to explore and gain insight into the RB and RAF organisations in terms of ideology and to describe the factors behind the rise and fall of these terrorist organisations.
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Social Movement Black Lives Matter and Female Activism
Knotková, Barbora ; Muhič Dizdarevič, Selma (advisor) ; Moree, Dana (referee)
This thesis deals with the topic of the social movement Black Lives Matter and its perception of women and female activism within the movement. The aim of the thesis is to understand the Black Lives Matter social movement based on the theoretical classification of social movements into two types, new and old, and to determine whether it is even possible to classify the Black Lives Matter movement into only one of these categories. For the purpose of a deeper understanding, the thesis also looks at the connection of Black Lives Matter movement with feminist movement and examines Black Lives Matter's approach towards women and female activism. The research is based on a conceptual framework, which consists of the theory of new social movements with the addition of the typology of political activism and intersectional theory.
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The Process of Abstraction
Paraskevas, Ioannis-Panagiotis ; Coman, Adam (advisor) ; Německý, Marek (referee)
The process of abstraction is a theoretical experiment to understand the social change that takes place within capitalism. To understand this experiment, the study deals with the historical and critical review of social movements from the 1960s to the present day. In addition, mass communication media are analyzed with particular emphasis on the modern medium of social media, as social dimensions of technological developments. The question of identities, but also of their composition in the period under review, plays an important role for the action dynamics of social movements. The challenges faced by individuals and social movements, in the process of deepening capitalism under the ideological hegemony of capitalism, are targeted by this research. The juxtaposition of the evolution of social movements, technological developments as well as the functioning of neoliberalism in modern capitalism, composes the puzzle of the process of abstraction. Key words: process of abstraction, social movements, social media neoliberalism
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Mass protests in Romania and France: a comparison of contemporary anti-establishment movements
Boudová, Kristina ; Bauer, Paul (advisor) ; Matějka, Ondřej (referee)
Mass protests in Romania and France: a comparison of contemporary anti-establishment movements Author: Kristina Boudová Abstract This thesis examines the divergence and convergence of two populist social movements: The Yellow Vests in France and #rezist in Romania, both of which emerged in response to political and economic grievances. The movements converge in their critique of elites, corruption, and social inequality while defining said elites differently. Through a comparative analysis of the movements' origins, goals, strategies, and outcomes, this research identified similarities and differences between the two movements in terms of their populist features. The findings shed light on the complex nature of populism as a political phenomenon that can take different forms in different regions and contexts.
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The Role of Women in the Velvet Revolution
Gese, Taylor ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Vykoukal, Jiří (referee) ; Matějka, Ondřej (referee)
The Role of Women in Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution Abstract This thesis investigates the role played by women in Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution of 1989. Overall, it finds that despite the marginal role attributed to women in the dominant narrative of the event, women in fact played a key role in every activity of the Velvet Revolution and therefore were a key factor in its success. Drawing on case studies from elsewhere in Central and Eastern Europe, it hypothesises about the sources of women's erasure from the historical record and subsequent national memory, arguing that the conservative gender order influenced the type of revolutionary work women did, the lack of visibility they were afforded, as well as their own devaluation of their contributions. Given the similarity in findings, it advocates for the development of an analytical concept to theorise the function of gender in social movements and their subsequent memorialisation. Finally, by documenting the activities done by women, it aims to reorient women as historical and political subjects in the Velvet Revolution, worthy of further historical inquiry. Keywords Velvet Revolution, women, gender, social movements, 1989, Czechoslovakia, historical memory, hegemonic narrative
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Media representation of George Floyd's death in the discourse of selected Czech online media
Lněničková, Adéla ; Řehořová, Irena (advisor) ; Švantner, Martin (referee)
The thesis focuses on the representation of the death of the African-American man George Floyd in the media discourse of selected Czech online media. Floyd's death filled the American, Czech and world media and activated the Black Lives Matter movement. The thesis focuses on conservatively oriented media (Echo24.cz, Reflex.cz and Forum24.cz). The research sample will be articles from 29 May to 25 July 2020. Critical discourse analysis according to Norman Fairclough is the methodological background of the work, it also works with several basic types of representation that will be used in the thesis. The theoretical section outlines the social constructivist paradigm in which the thesis is set and introduces in particular the work of Teun van Dijk and research focusing on media representations of minorities. The contextual part introduces the theory of social movements, the portrayal of George Floyd's death in the American and Czech media, and the events that the death triggered in the US (and later in other parts of the world). The analytical part reveals the main three discursive frames in which the topic was presented, namely the death of George Floyd as the beginning of the great protests, the death of George Floyd as politics, and the death of George Floyd and left-wing ideology. This part of...
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Production of knowledge on climate crisis
Nunez, Eva ; Zandlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Novák, Arnošt (referee)
In my thesis I am using ethnographic research methodology to study ways of communication and production of knowledge about the climate crisis in the Czech climate movement. The thesis focuses on four activist groups known for their use of direct action - Extinction Rebellion, Greenpeace, Limity jsme my (We are the Limits) and "Stop Dirty Money", an activist coalition group. I examine the process of making of their communication and who their communication is aimed at. Emphasis is placed on their use of direct action and emotional framing of climate crisis. The thesis analyzes how each group's views on social change are reflected in their communication and production of knowledge.
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