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Household food demand in the Czech Republic: coherent demand system dealing with selectivity
Smutná, Šarlota ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Břízová, Pavla (referee)
Demand for food is widely studied topic in applied econometrics. Demand systems are the most useful models to evaluate demand and estimate the income and price elasticities. Different demand systems used for food demand are discussed in this thesis. Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) is the most popular among researchers thanks to conformity with economic theory, simple estimation, and flexibility with respect to non-linearity of Engel's curves or to control for socio-demographic or structural variables of household. Reporting of zero consumption by respondents when analysing demand on budget survey data requires special treatment, as censoring leads to the selectivity problem and hence biased estimates. Several techniques to treat the selectivity in order to obtain unbiased estimate of demand elasticities are discussed. Specifically, the Heien and Wessels, Shonkwiler and Yen, and Cosslett's semi-parametric corrections are incorporated into the AIDS model and empirically compared among each other. Since homogeneity and symmetry conditions are not fulfilled in this case, income and price elasticities of food demand are estimated by the unrestricted version of QUAIDS model which suits the budget survey data of Czech households the best with the correction for the selectivity by Shonkwiler and Yen's estimator....
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The efect of environmental variables on diversity of lichen photobionts
Červenková, Tereza ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor) ; Peksa, Ondřej (referee)
Lichens represent a synergistic combination of at least two organisms, a heterotrophic fungus and a photosynthetic alga or a cyanobacterium. This association has resulted in a symbiotic organism, which is well tolerant to environmental influences. In fact, symbiotic relationship provides mutual benefit for both organisms. It is generally well known that the fungal partners of lichens are far less sensitive to environmental conditions, such as the temperature, altitude, rainfall or the type and composition of the substrate, in comparison to their algal partners. Therefore, lichen forming fungi have much wider ecological valences than the photobionts interacting with them. Indeed, most of the photosyntetic genera and species are adapted only to certain environmental conditions. For this reason, the symbiotic algae and cyanobacteria probably play a major role during the initial lichen formation on the site. This thesis focuses on the adaptability of photoautotrophic symbionts of lichens, coccoid green algae and cyanobacteria, to environmental conditions. Ecological diversification of photobionts has a direct impact on their genetic differentiation and thus to differentiate lichen species themselves. Unfortunately, in many studies the authors mostly dealt with the diversity of macroscopic symbiotic...
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Mechanisms of signal transduction via the muscarinic receptors
Dolejší, Eva ; Doležal, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kršiak, Miloslav (referee) ; Vlachová, Viktorie (referee)
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) belong to the family of G-protein coupled receptors. There are five subtypes of mAChR denoted M1 to M5 that are widely and differentially distributed in both the central nervous system and periphery and play an important role in many specific physiological functions. Impairment of muscarinic neurotransmission occurs in serious disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia or Parkinson's disease that are accompanied by cognitive decline mainly due to the disruption of M1 receptor signaling in the brain. Unfortunately, the high degree homology of the orthosteric binding site among muscarinic receptor subtypes makes it very difficult to obtain subtype- selective agonists. One of the few known selective agonists is xanomeline that preferentially activates the M1 and M4 subtypes. Xanomeline exerts unique interactions with muscarinic receptors comprising reversible binding to the orthosteric domain, and wash-resistant allosteric interaction with a secondary binding site. The basis of xanomeline functional selectivity remains largely unknown. In an attempt to probe into such mechanisms we investigated the immediate and long-term effects of xanomeline on activation of muscarinic receptors, using intact Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing individual...
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Retargeting of viral particles for directed cargo delivery into cells
Váňová, Jana ; Španielová, Hana (advisor) ; Kuthan, Martin (referee)
Due to their structure and ability to enter cells where they release their content, viral particles represent an attractive tool to deliver cargo to a cell. For therapeutic usage of viruses it is necessary to ensure the specific and highly efficient entry to target cells. This thesis offers an overview of methods used for virus retargeting with the intention to evaluate the success of retargeting in terms of specificity and efficiency of designed viral particles when entering a cell. On the basis of published data and considering the mechanisms of viral infection, the thesis demonstrates the difficulty to prevent the nonspecific viral particles from entering the cell and concludes that reaching total specificity is apparently impossible. Despite these small limitations, viral nanoparticles are a revolutionary therapeutic tool for delivering cargo to the cell and it is necessary to exploit their potential.
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The organization of primary and lower secondary education in Europe: Comparative analysis of the Czech Republic and Finland in terms of equity.
Paulová, Kristýna ; Kalous, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Mouralová, Magdalena (referee)
This thesis is a comparative study, which compare two selected countries, Finland and the Czech Republic in the organization of basic education. The benchmark of equity has been chosen as a comparative criterion. This criterion was further divided into single indicators. The key indicator in this respect was the selectivity of educational systems. For this reason, the thesis presents especially the form and the extent of differentiation of students by each level of basic education in both chosen counties and try to find the number of children who are educated in them. The results of comparative analysis showed that five educational programs with different degree of quality exist in the Czech Republic, while there are only two types of schools in Finland. Finland has used the differentiation of pupils in schools, even in clases in much smaller scale in comparison with the Czech Republic. In Finland, there are no classes with extended teaching of some subjects. The next difference between selected countries is about the age when the students start to be selectived. The students are not differentionated before 16-years in Finland. On the other hand, students of the Czech Republic are divaded in various educational programs after completion of primary school, that means in 11-years. Only 4 % of...
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Application of analytical methods in study of heterogeneous catalytical processes
Pavlatová, Jana ; Vohlídal, Jiří (advisor) ; Svoboda, Jan (referee)
Acylation of cyclohexene can provide number of reaction products. Cyclohexene, 1-methylcyclohexene and 3-methylcyclohexene were acylated with propionic anhydride over diferent zeolite structures and molecular sieves. Cyclohexene acylation led to propionylcyclohexene. The major acylation products of 1-methylcyclohexene is 2-methyl-3-propionylcyclohexene. Reaction product of 3-methylcyclohexene acylation is 4-methyl-3-propionylcyklohexene and 3-methyl-2-propionylcyclohexene. The aim of acylation biphenyl with carboxylic acid anhydrides and chlorides was to prove reaction with the highest conversion of substrate. The highest biphenyl conversion was obtained with octanoyl chloride and hexanoic anhydride over zeolite USY (15). The highest selectivity to 4-acylbiphenyl was observed.
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Laboratory device involving the high selectivity filters
Tuhý, Luboš ; Kovář, Jan (referee) ; Petržela, Jiří (advisor)
This project deals with the frequency filters of high selectivity. The area frequency filtering is fairly comprehensive and theoretically demanding discipline. The aim of this work isn’t to describe in detail and to include knowledge of the frequency filters, but only to clarify the aforementioned issues. In particular, we focus practically on filters working on other physical principles, especially on the crystal structure of partition filters and ceramic filters. The circuit simulation programs through classes Spice will be one of the parts of the theoretical analysis. There will be presented various options for implementing these filters, and the test products used in the design. The laboratory exercises dealing with frequency filtering and measuring engineered product will be made and based on the theoretical findings of this work. The laboratory exercises will include the developing of the model protocol.
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A Low Voltage Wiring System for an Office Block
Nestrojil, Martin ; Slavata, Petr (referee) ; Kadlec, Radim (advisor)
This paper describes the design of a low voltage network in an office building. In the beginning work is given for the theoretical part of the topics that we need to create a network design in a given building. In this part of the guiding principles are conductor sizing, fuse wires and a selection of protective devices. Everything was sought in scientific publications and Articles. The theoretical part will be followed by a practical part with the first adjusted underlying schema, and then will address a practical design using programs supplied by the company Eaton. The goal of this work is to get acquainted theoretically with the main principles of network design, and then practically with your programs and create a complete network design of the building.
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Line protection against overload and short circuit
Konšel, Ladislav ; Vaněk, Jaromír (referee) ; Valenta, Jiří (advisor)
This work includes a theoretical treatise on the operation of electrical wiring for the overload and short circuit. This is mainly on thermal effects of over current and their influence on the properties of conductors and insulation. Work Includes links to determine the load current, depending on the properties of leadership and its surroundings. It also deals with the protection of conductors against overload and short circuit. The work includes measurements process of warming wires. Practical project of proposal circuit is created using SICHR. The project includes proposals of conductor’s sizes and safety components for both residential building and individual flats.
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MW Converter for SW Receiver
Lejsková, Alena ; Lukeš, Zbyněk (referee) ; Šebesta, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis concerns about the network synthesis of receivers with the demand for conversion of the input signal and a following implementation of assigned converter. At first it introduces the readers with the basic division of radio waves and with parts, which are important for a high-quality receiver, then it deals with general properties of input networks of receivers, division of parts and kinds of connection, that are used in the communications. The concept of connection is intended to nonspecialists too, that is why it describes step by step each of parts of the network, including the calculation or possible solution and the choice of convenient parts. The aim is also to present the frequency conversion as an important part of signal receiving that we want to use in communication systems.
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