|
|
Transnational Corporations from Developing Countries and their Integration into the Globalization Process
Hinková, Lenka ; Novotný, Josef (advisor) ; Ženka, Jan (referee)
The main theme of this master's thesis is an effort to explain the integration of transnational corporations from developing countries into the economic globalization. Firstly, we define the main concepts, such as process of globalization and competition. Then, we specify the most important characteristics of transnational corporations from developing countries, we identify major incentives and strategies of their integration into the global competition, we also devote our attention to measurement of degree of their integration into the global economy and evaluate their main competitive advantages and disadvantages. In the analytical part of the work we use quantitative analysis in order to find the differences between transnational corporations from developing countries and their counterparts from developed countries in the transnationality index, diversification of industry and industrial sector in which these companies operate. The last part is focused on a case study of an Indian transnational conglomerate Tata Group. On this example we show the practical aspects of integration of transnational corporations from developing countries into the global economy.
|
|
|
EEC's development policy to the third world countries (focused on Africa) from 1960 to 1979
Brázdilová, Monika ; Horčička, Václav (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive view at the development cooperation of the European Economic Community in the 60's and 70's years of the 20th century in relation to the countries of the Third World with a focus on African developing countries. It also deals with the analysis of the very concept of development, development cooperation and development policy. The thesis is conceived from the general to the particular, where are first discussed the main concepts, the grouping and contracts supplemented with more detailed analysis. At first is briefly described the establishment of the EEC and the characteristic of grouping ACP. Then comes the analysis of the actual development cooperation and measures with which was the aid realized. Another two sections are devoted to comprehensive contractual framework of cooperation, which is in this period defined by part IV. Treaty of Rome and the Implementing agreement, two conventions of Yaoundé and the First Lomé convention. In the Lomé Convencion, there were a lot of significant changes made in terms of equality between the EEC and the ACP countries, as the concept of association was changed to the principle of partnership during the time. The development aid had to be managed somehow as well, so in next chapter is the topic of the...
|
|
|
Factors that influence the use of rainwater harvesting systems for domestic drinking water consumption in rural areas of developing countries
Cahlíková, Markéta ; Novotný, Josef (advisor) ; Lungová, Kristýna (referee)
This thesis discusses rainwater harvesting systems (RWH systems). It particularly focuses on systems collecting rainwater for domestic consumption in rural areas of developing countries. The main aim of the thesis is to identify factors, which influence the willingness and ability of people to adopt and use properly these RWH systems. I began with a brief introduction into the topic of the good-quality drinking water scarcity and with a discussion of relevant information about the RWH systems. The method used for the research was a systematic review. The relevant literature was systematically searched, selected, evaluated, and the relevant material was then processed with regards to the importance of particular factors influencing the RWH systems adption and utilization. Altogether, 26 influential factors were identified and discussed.
|
|
|
Sino-American Ideological Clash: Washington Consensus and Beijing Consensus
Šrámek, Petr ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Bečka, Jan (referee)
The objective of my master's thesis, "Sino-American Ideological Clash: Washington Consensus and Beijing Consensus" is to consider two models of economic development, the Washington Consensus and the Beijing consensus. In the first part, I analyze the discourse that evolves around these two concepts, and I also consolidate the definitions of these terms. Washington Consensus was a set of specific rules for macroeconomic policy of the state. As a result of the ending Cold War, the discrediting of alternative models of economic development and direct link of this model to the financial support from international financial institutions, the popularity of the Washington consensus in the 1990s soared. The democratization of the country was perceived as another unwritten rule. In the wake of the Asian financial crisis of 1997, as well as other crises in developing countries which actively engaged the World Bank and IMF, the term has been largely discredited. It was associated with concepts like 'shock therapy', 'neoliberalism' or 'market fundamentalism'. Meanwhile, the long-term economic growth of China drew the attention of developing countries. In connection with the declining popularity of the Washington Consensus and the global economic crisis, the demand for alternative development policies increased. The...
|
|
|
The Impact of Age Structure on Inflation - Example of Developing Countries
Zakaraia, Khatia ; Ryska, Pavel (advisor) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
Many countries in the world experience demographic transition - significant decrease of fertility rates and increase share of the old population. The pace and characteristics of demographic shifts however are individual for each country. At the same time these countries face low inflation rates or even deflation. In this thesis I demonstrate how demographic changes are correlated with low inflation rates. I estimated two different models - VAR and FEM for panel data using two samples of developing countries. The primary argument of using two separate groups for estimating the same problem is robustness check, whether all three imposed hypotheses will hold in any sample of the population. These hypotheses are - first, deflation is positively correlated with increased share of the old population, second, low inflation in developing economies has structural pattern due to demographic changes and third, deflation can be forecastable if it is driven by demographic trends. Despite the heterogeneity of the results from PVAR and FEM, a negative impact of aging population on inflation has been proved. Also estimation results support our two hypotheses that low inflation if it is partially driven by aging structure changes, has structural rather than cyclical characteristics and is predictable. Contribution...
|
|
|
Problems and perspectives of development aid: donors and developing countries
Studecký, Jan ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Hlavičková, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of this thesis called 'Problems and perspectives of development aid: donors and developing countries' are main questions of development aid in general. Basic ideas of the whole concept are defined in the first chapter. The history of development aid and international theories' perspectives of development aid are mentioned here. The second chapter consists of classifications and characteristics of developing countries together with their capacities for integration. The donors are presented in the third chapter. The main part of the thesis is the fourth chapter in which the problems of development aid are analysed on the grounds of contemporary field literature. At the beginning of the fourth chapter the qualitative problems of development aid are analysed together with the donors' motivations for its distribution. The best possible form of development aid is discussed later on - whether it is better to provide developing countries with loans or non-repayable grants. Moreover, the coordination problems within the development aid are discussed as well as possible alternatives to development aid - such as trade. The thesis pays also attention to negative consequences of development aid. Possible solutions to the problems mentioned are sketched within each sub-chapter.
|
|
|
Migration strategies of international PhD students from less developed countries - a longitudinal study
Rakovcová, Dana ; Drbohlav, Dušan (advisor) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Horáková, Hana (referee)
Dana Rakovcová, 2022 Anglický název disertační práce: Migration strategies of international PhD students from less developed countries - a longitudinal study ABSTRACT Within the concept of transnationalism and global development, migration decisions of international students play a vital role. This research examines different factors influencing PhD students' migration plans and strategies, their development over time, and the circumstances of their potential or real return within the changing life course context of the highly educated migrants. The research is based on a longitudinal qualitative study conducted over five years (2012-2017) among 21 international PhD students coming from 16 different developing countries, studying at the Wageningen University in the Netherlands; and it draws mainly on in-depth interviews and follow-up correspondence. Results are discussed in the context of the life course, a cultural shift and the migration development nexus. Conclusions suggest that: 1) Strong feelings of responsibility towards both their family and the development of their country of origin are leading factors shaping the migration strategies of the examined PhD students. 2) Migration decisions of the interviewed PhD students with children tend to be strongly driven by responsibility towards their families...
|
|
|
The phenomenon of food aid
Kohoutková, Terezie ; Nová, Monika (advisor) ; Cimrmannová, Tereza (referee)
Anotation The diploma thesis entitled "The Phenomenon of food aid" deals with the topic of food aid, including its origins, its significance and functioning, as well as affiliates of the food bank. The diploma thesis also includes The Operational Programme of Material and Food Aid, provided for years 2014 to 2020 included. Another aspect of the thesis is an actual view over the problem of food wastage. They are measured a factors which affect the food security, and it also compares a several different institutions, dealing with the food aid. As a part of the research, there is a practical survey included. The practical part tries to primarily answer questions of food wastage. Than it searches kinds of the food groceries which are wasted most often, as well as their amount. The practical part also ascertains the willingness of the operators to provide the discarded food to a people in need. It also monitors the actual knowledge about the National Food Bank itself. A case study in the form of a short interview with a homeless person in included. The interview is thematically based on the possibility and the availability of food aid itself.
|
|
|
Analysis of the Commitment to Development Index
Syrovátka, Miroslav ; Hák, Tomáš (advisor) ; Nováček, Pavel (referee) ; Šauer, Petr (referee)
Analysis of the Commitment to Development Index Miroslav Syrovátka ABSTRACT The Commitment to Development Index aims to measure the effects of wide range of rich countries' policies that support or limit development prospects of poor countries. These policies are grouped into seven components of the index. The thesis analyzes and assesses the methodology of the index construction with the main focus on its environmental component. It is argued that although the environmental component is a legitimate part of the concept behind the index, the difficulties of its implementation limit its information value. This is due to the specific shortcomings of component indicators and the necessity to combine environmental policy indicators with indicators of exploitation of global environmental resources. The scores of Visegrad countries and correlation analysis show the specificity of the environmental component within the whole index and indirectly support the conclusions about its reduced information value. The thesis discusses the options for modification, both at the level of composite index construction and presentation, and at the level of individual indicators of the environmental component.
|
|
|
Non-Government Organizations as external "suppliers" of social policy in states where is not social policy of their own
Yaklyushyna, Oleksandra ; Frič, Pavol (advisor) ; Tomášková, Vladimíra (referee)
The effectiveness of development cooperation is currently widely discussed. Development cooperation has come to be criticized, both in terms of its appropriateness and for failing to address some of the global challenges that affect poorer nations. Respecting the differences of developing countries, therefore, plays an important role. It is a question of whether developed countries are aware of cultural and other differences and are proceeding in their help concerning these differences. The problem that the thesis wants to draw attention to is the functionality of development cooperation, which can be influenced by various actors and their beliefs. The main goal is to try to explain, using the theory named Advocacy Coalition Framework, how the beliefs of actors can affect development cooperation. One of the other partial goals is to find out whether and how advocacy coalitions are formed in the field of development cooperation. The contribution of the work is mainly the critical application of the ACF theory in the field of development cooperation in the environment of the Republic of Kenya, as well as the application of the Q method in the research of the perspectives of selected actors. According to the author, the work can also have other benefits such as providing a new perspective on the issue of...
|
guest ::
