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Old age of yesterday and today : point of view of sociology, economy and philosofy
Jedelská, Anna ; Klinka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Jančík, Jiří (referee)
anglicky Title of the thesis: Old age of yesterday and today : point of view of sociology, economy and philosofy Keywords: Interdisciplinarity, Old age, Development, Population, Pension Abstract: Leaded by interest in the new social phenomenon of the old age, we did a first research, which uncovered a big number of scientific disciplines concerning the topic. So we choosed this interdisciplinarity as the theme of our thesis. The aim of this work was to analyze it from the point of view of sociology, economics, and philosophy. Each of the disciplines was then discussed in one chapter, accompanied by research, in the fourth chapter. We see the contribution of work in diffusion of horizons of older and younger generations, specifically in the notification of the terme "ageism", form of discrimination of senior.
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DISH - archeological evidence and frequencies in the present population.
Peigerová, Kateřina ; Likovský, Jakub (advisor) ; Kuželka, Vítězslav (referee)
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of adult disability caused by Forestier disease among skeletal material in monastic burial grounds and to compare it with the frequency of the lay cemeteries. Five cemeteries of the High Middle Ages to the early modern period, were divided into groups according to age and sex. Also, we evaluated the radiographs, investigated the frequency of adult disability caused by Forestier disease in the population. It was found that the disease in skeletal and X-ray material occurred more frequently among men than women, and did not occure until the age of 40. Furthermore, we found that the higher occurence was among monastic funerals. And since there is an increase Forestier disease in the present population. The question is, whether the external conditions, hence increasing obesity in the population, have an impact on the occurrence of Forestier disease.
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Comparative cytogenetics of bed bug Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)
Sadílek, David ; Vilímová, Jitka (advisor) ; Ráb, Petr (referee)
Comparative cytogenetics of the bed bug Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) The human bed bug Cimex lectularius has started enormous spreading to all developed countries of temperate climate zone during the last ten years. Bed bug was almost eradicated by a mass use of DDT in these areas until the 70's in the 20th century. This temporal haematophagous ectoparasite occupies particularly human dwellings and bat roosts. Cimex lectularius shows unusual combination of cytogenetic characteristics, general for all Heteroptera, however, not usual for other organisms. The chromosomes are holokinetic, with completely achiasmatic meiosis and inverted meiosis of the sex chromosomes. Especialy remarkable feature is intraspecific variation of the number of the X chromosomes. The variable number of chromosomes of 43 populations of Cimex lectularius from the Czech Republic and 27 populations from other European countries was studied in the present study. The 10 variants of karyotype were found out by using the "hotplate spreading" method and the standard Giemsa staining. There were male karyotypes with 2n = 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 42 and 47 chromosomes and two females with peculiar odd number of sex chromosomes X, 2n = 33 and 43, not complementary with any male. A stable number of 2n = 26 autosomes...
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Feral Pigeon (Columba livia f. domestica) Census in Selected Sites of Prague
Bukačová, Kateřina ; Řezníček, Jan (advisor) ; Štěpán, Jiří (referee)
This thesis deals with the monitoring of numerous rate of domestic pigeon (Columba livia f. Domestica, hereinafter referred to as pigeon) in a given area and its spatial activity. The work includes incidence monitoring of individual pigeons depending on daytime and weather. The monitoring was carried out by observational method in the period from February to May 2015. The observations were related to individuals who occurred the monitored area (the buildings in Dukelských hrdinů street). Furthermore, the work compares the results from population census of Prague pigeon and the results from census of other European cities. It was further investigated whether the amount of pigeons in the area is affected by abiotic conditions (air temperature and weather). The result of the thesis should contribute to better knowledge of overall pigeon rate determining in the capital city of Prague. The collected data may help to gain a deeper knowledge of the entire population ecology living in this territory. They can also be beneficial, for example, in reducing of the pigeon numbers or serve in other investigations. Key words: pigeon, Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica), abundance, monitoring, abiotic conditions, population
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Population perspects of Kazakhstan till 2030
Tolesh, Fariza ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Burcin, Boris (referee) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Population prospects of Kazakhstan till 2030 Abstract Population change affects national income, national expenditure, and the demand for services such as education, health and transport. Therefore, information about future population size and structure obtained with the help of population forecasts, which can be used for a wide range of decision-making purposes, is of paramount importance. The primary aim of this dissertation is to produce three different types of population forecasts for Kazakhstan till 2030 and by comparing and analysing the differences to find out the most important factors determining the population development process in the country. Kazakhstan is a country with significant size and regional diversity which makes it relevant to consider those dimensions in population forecasting. Most southern oblasts of the country have a young population structure meaning that much of future population growth, particularly of working age, will come from these regions. Also, native population tends to concentrate in rural areas, while industrialized cities are mostly populated by non-natives with considerably different nuptiality and fertility behaviour. Despite such regional and residential demographic differences, presently the country is experiencing an overall increase in birth rates. Many claims...
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Multilevel selection theory
Mihulka, Tomáš ; Švorcová, Jana (advisor) ; Toman, Jan (referee)
Multilevel selection is an attempt to unify different approaches to the Level of selection problem. This paper examines the principles, starting points, variants and problems of this concept. Particular emphasis is placed on the relationship of this theory to Gene's-eye view and the presentation of evidence of the usefulness of Multilevel selection in analyzing evolutionary changes.
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Population trends of animals of different taxa and regions on the basis of the Living Planet Database
Váňová, Lenka ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Hulva, Pavel (referee)
The analysis of population trends of animals is increasingly being used not only as an indicator of population changes, but also as an indicator of biodiversity decline. Living Planet Index is one of such indicators, as it shows a proportional decline or increase of all populations by means of mean annual changes in population abundance. Since the first presentation of the index in 1998, its values have been decreasing, which was interpreted as indication of a critical state of global biodiversity. Nevertheless, there are some issues concerning the index. It is unclear to what extent is it robust, if it is not too much influenced by biased data or if it does not comprise a systematic error. This thesis focuses on four vertebrate taxa and its aim is to examine the level of data heterogeneity and their potential influence on the index. For this purpose, two parameters were defined for each population, Growth and Trend. Overall, the trends in abundances were quite balanced, some populations being decreasing, some increasing, and stable populations were also present. Despite of our expectations, the heterogeneity in the data was not large enough to have a substantial effect on the index. Analysis of trends in variously defined groups (e. g. "biomes", taxa or biogeographic realms) revealed only little...
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Clinical and genetic aspects of familial breast cancer: Frequency of recurrent mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in Czech republic and the role of NBN gene
Matějů, Martin ; Novotný, Jan (advisor) ; Konopásek, Bohuslav (referee) ; Vaňásek, Jaroslav (referee)
Summary: Background: An increased risk for development of hereditary breast cancer is associated with germline mutations in BRCA1/2 and the influence of NBN mutations is also supposed. The aim of this study is to specify the frequency of recurrent mutations in BRCA1/2 in unselected breast cancer patients and the frequency of most common pathogenic mutations in NBN in Czech republic, to assess current criteria for genetic testing and to consider the addition of NBN to the tested genes. Methods: Screening for recurrent mutations 5382insC and 300T>G in BRCA1 was performed by RFLP, screening for mutations in exon 11 of BRCA1 was performed by PTT, screening for mutations in a selected region of exon 11 of BRCA2 by DHPLC, and screening for mutations in exon 6 of NBN by HRMA. All the mutations were confirmed by direct sequencing. Results: In 679 unselected breast cancer patients 7 carriers of 5382insC, 3 of 300T>G, and 4 of other mutations in BRCA1 were identified. 2 locally prevalent mutations were found in BRCA2. In 730 controls only one 5382insC BRCA1 mutation was identified. Out of 5 NBN mutations found in 600 high-risk patients two were 657del5 and one R215W. A total of 8 NBN mutation carriers were identified among 703 breast cancer patients, 2 of them 657del5 carriers and three R215W carriers. In 915...
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The impact of Urbanization on the socioeconomic development of Ghana
Aikins, Michael Boako
At independence Ghana had about 70% of it populace leaving in the rural areas but now the country is over 50% urbanized. People are changing from agricultural occupation to business, trade, services and other professions in search for a quality life style. Major cities in Ghana such as Accra, Kumasi and now the oil city Takoradi are now facing urban management challenges since the cities are becoming more and more dirty and unkempt. Drawing on data from the Living Standard Survey Reports for Round 5-6 that spans from 2008 to 2014 for Ghana, this study examines the effects of urbanization on socio-economic development in Ghana. The study demonstrates some association of urbanization with developmental outcomes in education, health, employment and housing. It examines urbanization by using patterns of internal migration, noting that people move from relatively poor areas to richer ones in Ghana. While it is difficult to establish causality, the evidence suggests that while urbanization happens mostly by internal migration, such moves may allow poor people to access better opportunities in richer regions in Ghana. This study then looks more carefully at the association between internal migration and some socio-economic indicators of education, health, employment and housing at the state level and to some degree at the household level. A key finding of this research is the association of urbanization of educational attainment for female and a positive life expectancy in general. In addition, urbanization has not had entirely positive relationship on employment and housing in the big cities in Ghana.
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