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Lipid emulsions in lonf-term parenteral nutition
Ševela, Stanislav ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Cahová, Monika (referee) ; Lahoda Brodská, Helena (referee)
The combination of intestinal failure and parenteral nutrition is a condition associated with mild chronic inflammation and organ injury, the most significant of which is hepatic injury. This crossover-controlled trial investigated the effects of different intravenous lipid emulsions (IVLE) enriched with increased doses of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) from fish oil (FO) in patients on home parenteral nutrition (HPNP) for chronic intestinal failure. Twelve patients were consecutively given three different IVLEs, with an FO emulsion added after each IVLE. The study also included twelve paired healthy controls for comparison. The aim of this study was to investigate how long-term administration of these IVLEs affected primarily the erythrocyte and plasma fatty acid (FA) spectrum, as well as the inflammatory response, antioxidant status, markers of liver function and bile acid spectrum in HPNP, and how these changes differed from healthy subjects. We demonstrated successful incorporation of n-3 PUFA into erythrocyte phospholipids and corresponding changes in the plasma FA spectrum, characterized in particular by significant increases in n-3 versus n-6 PUFA, with a decrease in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio. We also found a more prolonged effect on these changes with high dose FO...
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Nutritionally important components of fish muscle in the prevention of serious diseases
Mádl, David ; Bušová, Milena (advisor) ; Holcátová, Ivana (referee)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is the issue of nutritionally important components of fish muscle in the prevention of serious diseases. Fish meat is a rich source of essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, minerals and vitamins, which has been shown to contribute to the improvement of human health. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. In the practical part of the thesis, the consumer preferences regarding the consumption of fish snacks and consumer awareness of the importance of fish meat for health and disease prevention are investigated by means of a questionnaire survey. This work is of benefit not only to the professional community but also to consumers. Key words: fish meat; omega-3 fatty acids; dietary recommendations; fish contamination; fish consumption A
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Influence of clinical nutrition in elderly patients
Jančarová, Kateřina ; Matejovičová,, Milena (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This master’s thesis deal with the influence of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids on cognitive functions and on the blood marker of clients in the retirement home. The main target of this thesis is demonstrate the improvement of cognitive functions and lipid and glycemic profile after supplementation with the dietary supplement. Suplementation was serve to the clients for the period of 3 months 3 times a day in the amount of 5 ml per dose. In the teoretical part of the thesis was explained the process of aging and the problematics of omega-3 fatty acids. The practical part evaluates the three-month supplementation with a dietary supplement and its mainly focus to cognitive tests MMSE and blood test results. The thesis is deal with effect of the product on the blood marker, mainly the lipid profile and glycemic profile were determined. Laboratory analysis was used to determine lipid numbers. Fatty acids analysis was performed by gas chromatography and vitamins analysis was performed by liquid chromatography. Based on recent findings, it was assumed that supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids can improve the cognitive functions in older adults as well as their lipid and glycemic profile. The improvements have been confirmed in cognitive functions but not in lipid profile. This facts may have been influenced by several factors, such as inappropriate composition of the menu, the consumption of foods with a high content of saturated fatty acids outside the menu, the administration of medication or overall short supplementation time period.
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Analysis of dietary intake and major dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids in cancer patients.
Balušková, Denisa ; Gojda, Jan (advisor) ; Těšínský, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: nutrition of cancer patients is a frequently discussed topic. Tumor growth is conditioned by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the body, which leads to metabolic changes and the development of tumor cachexia syndrome. Immunomodulatory nutrition and efforts to at least partially control inflammation are essential in cancer. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet of cancer patients and to analyse the main dietary sources of these polyunsaturated acids. Research Methods: In this observational and questionnaire-based non-interventional study, 10 respondents who had not shown signs of cancer for more than a year, were older than 18 years and according to the highest frequency of cancer incidence were selected. Results: The average daily intake of omega-3 FAs in the study group was 1.59 g/day for both sexes, which represents 53% of the recommended therapeutic dose of 3 g/day (DLD). In contrast, the average daily intake of omega-3 FAs in men was found to be 1.47 g/day, corresponding to 49 % of the DLD. Conclusion: Analysis of the dietary intake of cancer patients in remission suggested that their intake of omega 3 fatty acids is minimal and does not even reach the recommended values for the general...
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Omega-3 fatty acid consumption in women over 80 years of age and its relation to physical activity and cognitive function
Mikošková, Helena ; Daďová, Klára (advisor) ; Majorová, Simona (referee)
Author: Bc.Helena Mikošková Title: Omega-3 fatty acid consumption in women over 80 years of age and its relation to physical activity and cognitive function Objectives: To compare dietary patterns of omega-3 fatty acid (FA) consumption in physically active and inactive women and to investigate the relationship of this consumption with cognitive function levels. Methods: Thirty-eight women aged 80 to 87 years (mean 82.9±2.13) were included in the study and divided into 2 groups. The first group (N=20) consisted of women who used to be active in middle age (30-60 years of age and performed a minimum of 2.5 hours/week of physical activity (PA)). The second group (N=18) consisted of inactive women who performed PA in less than the above range in middle age. Feeding habits were assessed with a food frequency questionnaire and cognitive function was assessed with the Mini Mental State Examination, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Path Test, Verbal Fluency Test (animals), and Boston Naming Test-30. Results: Dietary habits with respect to omega-3 FA consumption did not differ between groups. It was also found that less then 50% of all women interviewed followed the general recommendations for fish consumption. No relationship was found between consumption of omega-3 FAs from natural sources and...
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Representation of sources of omega-3 fatty acids in the school canteen menu concept and proposing options for improving utility basket indicators
ČANDA, Jan
The topic of this diploma thesis is called Representation of sources of omega-3 fatty acids in the school canteen menu concept and proposing options for improving utility basket indicators. The task of the diploma thesis is to find out whether school canteens successfully meet the standard of the consumer basket and nutritional standards for school meals in the fish commodity. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part describes topics related to omega-3 fatty acids and their sources, school catering legislation and the last chapter is a consumer basket, which was obtained from scientific and professional publications, which are searched in domestic and foreign databases of scientific and professional literature. The practical part contains the results of filling the consumer basket in fish commodity at schools in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic, which then compares the results with the recommendations of the Decree of the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic nr. 107/2005. Key
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Influence of clinical nutrition in elderly patients
Jančarová, Kateřina ; Matejovičová,, Milena (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This master’s thesis deal with the influence of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids on cognitive functions and on the blood marker of clients in the retirement home. The main target of this thesis is demonstrate the improvement of cognitive functions and lipid and glycemic profile after supplementation with the dietary supplement. Suplementation was serve to the clients for the period of 3 months 3 times a day in the amount of 5 ml per dose. In the teoretical part of the thesis was explained the process of aging and the problematics of omega-3 fatty acids. The practical part evaluates the three-month supplementation with a dietary supplement and its mainly focus to cognitive tests MMSE and blood test results. The thesis is deal with effect of the product on the blood marker, mainly the lipid profile and glycemic profile were determined. Laboratory analysis was used to determine lipid numbers. Fatty acids analysis was performed by gas chromatography and vitamins analysis was performed by liquid chromatography. Based on recent findings, it was assumed that supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids can improve the cognitive functions in older adults as well as their lipid and glycemic profile. The improvements have been confirmed in cognitive functions but not in lipid profile. This facts may have been influenced by several factors, such as inappropriate composition of the menu, the consumption of foods with a high content of saturated fatty acids outside the menu, the administration of medication or overall short supplementation time period.
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Role of PGC-1 coactivators in the regulation of mitochondrial function in adipose tissue
Funda, Jiří ; Janovská, Petra (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Petr (referee)
Metabolic pathways in adipose tissue affect the whole-body energy homeostasis. De novo lipogenesis and futile metabolic cycling based on lipolysis and fatty acid re-esterification which is engaged in regulation of fatty acid level in bloodstream are occuring there. These processes are partly regulated by nuclear receptor PPARγ. Mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in adipocytes are controlled by interacting of PPARγ with transcriptional coactivators PGC-1α and PGC-1β. The aims of this thesis were to find out whether PGC-1β is connected with regulation of futile cycling and de novo lipogenesis in white adipose tissue and also how specific inactivation of PGC-1β gene in adipose tissue affects phenotype of mice during short-term cold exposure or treatment based on high fat diet enriched by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in combination with mild calorie restriction. The results show that inactivation of PGC-1β probably does not affect futile cycling based on lipolysis and fatty acid re-esterification. In mice with PGC-1β ablation compensation in weight of brown adipose tissue was observed as well as increase in the gene expresion of nuclear receptors PPAR, transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α and UCP1 during cold exposure. Even though the inactivation of PGC-1β in brown adipose tissue...
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