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Effect of the 2020 parental benefit increase in the Czech Republic on labor supply
Šarboch, Matěj ; Pertold, Filip (advisor) ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (referee)
Family policies can have significant impacts on individuals' behaviour in the labor mar- ket. Parental benefits policies are a prominent example. In 2020, the Czech government increased the amount of benefits paid out to parents from 220,000 CZK to 300,000 CZK. This thesis studies the effects of this reform on parents' labor supply using a difference- in-differences identification and the Labor force survey collected by the Czech Statistical Office. The results show that mothers with their youngest child being 2 or 3 years old significantly decreased their usual weekly hours worked as well as their labor force par- ticipation rate as a result of this reform. Mothers with a university degree and mothers with only one child are the most affected groups. This thesis is the first analysis of this reform and it contributes to the existing literature on effects of family policy changes and also serves as the public policy evaluation.
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Effect of the Flat Tax Reform on Labour Supply Elasticity at the Intensive and Extensive Margins: Evidence from the Czech Republic
Tomo, Ján ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
The thesis deals with the estimation of labour supply responses to the personal income tax reform in the Czech Republic adopted in 2008 by applying quasi experimental design known as "difference-in-differences". By exploiting the different change in the effective tax rates for various population subgroups as a natural experiment and using microdata from European Labour Force Sur- vey we constructed the treatment and control groups according to the highest attained level of education serving as a proxy for an income range that assigns an individual to the particular tax bracket before and after policy change. Analysing one-person households we found significant negative effect on the labour force participation and significant positive effect on the hours work of the treated by comparing these outcomes for the treatment and control groups in the baseline and follow up periods before and after the reform. JEL Classification C21, D04, H24, H31, I38, J22 Keywords tax reform, labour supply, natural experiment, difference-in-differences Author's e-mail janxtomo@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail gebicka@fsv.cuni.cz
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The use of graduates of the Physical Education and Sport study program at Charles University Faculty of Physical Education and Sport on the labor market
Omcirk, Vilém ; Čáslavová, Eva (advisor) ; Hobza, Vladimír (referee) ; Němec, Otakar (referee)
This dissertation thesis deals with the use of full-time Masters' graduates of the Physical Education and Sport study program at Faculty of Physical Education and Sport at Charles University on the labor market. In the theoretical part a review of the current state of knowledge about the use of graduates on the labor market was completed, especially university graduates. On the basis of this review the construct of the use of Charles University Faculty of Physical Education and Sport graduate was operationalized and the main tool of the survey, the electronic questionnaire, was compiled. The basic set of the survey was formed by the graduates of the full-time Masters' studies program between the years 2010 and 2015 in the fields of Secondary School Teaching (double-subject), Physical Education and Sport (single-subject), Military Physical Education and Sports Management. 346 responses from 671 questionnaires were obtained (52% return rate). In the result part collected data was first analyzed by the chi-square test on the basis of 3 identification variables (gender of the respondents, field of study and year of graduation) and subsequently individual results of the survey were presented. These results were mainly related to respondents' transition to the labor market after having finished Masters'...
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The use of graduates of the Physical Education and Sport study program at Charles University Faculty of Physical Education and Sport on the labor market
Omcirk, Vilém ; Čáslavová, Eva (advisor) ; Hobza, Vladimír (referee) ; Němec, Otakar (referee)
This dissertation thesis deals with the use of full-time Masters' graduates of the Physical Education and Sport study program at Faculty of Physical Education and Sport at Charles University on the labor market. In the theoretical part a review of the current state of knowledge about the use of graduates on the labor market was completed, especially university graduates. On the basis of this review the construct of the use of Charles University Faculty of Physical Education and Sport graduate was operationalized and the main tool of the survey, the electronic questionnaire, was compiled. The basic set of the survey was formed by the graduates of the full-time Masters' studies program between the years 2010 and 2015 in the fields of Secondary School Teaching (double-subject), Physical Education and Sport (single-subject), Military Physical Education and Sports Management. 346 responses from 671 questionnaires were obtained (52% return rate). In the result part collected data was first analyzed by the chi-square test on the basis of 3 identification variables (gender of the respondents, field of study and year of graduation) and subsequently individual results of the survey were presented. These results were mainly related to respondents' transition to the labor market after having finished Masters'...
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Effect of the Flat Tax Reform on Labour Supply Elasticity at the Intensive and Extensive Margins: Evidence from the Czech Republic
Tomo, Ján ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
The thesis deals with the estimation of labour supply responses to the personal income tax reform in the Czech Republic adopted in 2008 by applying quasi experimental design known as "difference-in-differences". By exploiting the different change in the effective tax rates for various population subgroups as a natural experiment and using microdata from European Labour Force Sur- vey we constructed the treatment and control groups according to the highest attained level of education serving as a proxy for an income range that assigns an individual to the particular tax bracket before and after policy change. Analysing one-person households we found significant negative effect on the labour force participation and significant positive effect on the hours work of the treated by comparing these outcomes for the treatment and control groups in the baseline and follow up periods before and after the reform. JEL Classification C21, D04, H24, H31, I38, J22 Keywords tax reform, labour supply, natural experiment, difference-in-differences Author's e-mail janxtomo@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail gebicka@fsv.cuni.cz
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Daily targeting versus intertemporal substitution - estimating elasticities of labour supply on the example of small and medium enterprises (SME) in the Czech Republic
Hrdý, Rostislav ; Strielkowski, Wadim (advisor) ; Rečka, Lukáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis explores labour supply on the example of small and medium enterprises in the Czech Republic. It contrasts two basic hypoteses - the hypothesis of daily targeting and the intertemporal substitution hypothesis. The hypothesis of daily targeting is based on determination of income which workers try to achieve. On the other hand, the intertemporal substitution hypotesis assumes that hours worked depend on wage rate. I have used the survey to obtain monthly data of work hours and earned wage by Czech entrepreneurs. Based on the obtained data I have tested two hypotheses. Wage elasticities have positive values which lead to rejection the hypothesis of daily targeting. I have offered several possible explanations of obtained conclusions. One of them is the focus of entrepreneurs on accumulation of capital and wealth as the main motivation for business. This is related to recent economic transition in the Czech Republic.
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Poor health and early exit from labour force: an analysis using data from Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe
Hausenblas, Václav ; Pertold, Filip (advisor) ; Maďarová, Henrieta (referee)
Poor health and early exit from labour force: an analysis using data from Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe Václav Hausenblas May 12, 2011 Abstract Health is considered to be one the main determinants of retirement decision. A majority of empirical studies implements health using self- perceived health status measures. According to the justification hypoth- esis such a method may introduce a bias into estimation, and moreover, this bias may vary from country to country. The aim of this thesis is to make use of a dataset rich in objective measures of health from the second wave of Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe and to put side by side the estimates based on subjective measures as well as IV estimates using more objective variables and thereby to assess the mag- nitude of possible endogeneity and measurement error. It applies these identification methods on the model of early exit from labour force and discusses gender differences and specifics of given EU countries. 1
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Analysis of the impact of introducing an unconditional basic income in the Czech Republic
Donát, Michal ; Pavelka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Soukupová, Jana (referee)
The technological revolution that is currently underway is building on the foundations of machine learning, exponential speed of technological development and digitalization. Machines in near future will become cheaper and more efficient and will replace human workers in a wide range of disciplines. Diploma thesis summarizes the reasons and consequences of current technological development and presents an unconditional basic income as the tool for ensuring a sustainable level of social equality. Using the real numbers from the Czech Republic it shows that the introduction of an unconditional basic income is rather a problem of cultural and social than economic. Basic income in future may become an effective tool in the fight against human poverty, especially in the environment where demand for human labor becomes scarce.
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Unemployment in Ústecký region
Štěpánová, Veronika ; Burian, Stanislav (advisor) ; Milan Robin, Milan Robin (referee)
This diploma thesis investigates the topic of Unemployment in Ústecky region. Diploma thesis is divided into two parts and it is the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is dedicated to a definition of a labour market, economic models of a labour market, types and impacts unemployment and employment policy. The practical part includes charakteristics the Ustecky region and then defines supply in the labour market. Supply is defined through analyses of the demografic trends, structure of the unemployed labour force, risk groups, graduates and their unemployment. Demand on the labour market is defined by the bussinesses, major employers, major businesses and job structures.
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The Development of Unemployment Rate in Selected Region - Central Bohemia Region
Říhová, Andrea ; Brčák, Josef (advisor) ; Frydrych, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the unemployment rate develompent in the Central Bohemian Region. First part of the thesis defines terms related to unemployment and labour market and is based on studing professional literature.
Practical part of the thesis describes the develompent of unemployment rate in the Central Bohemian Region since 2005 to 2014 and it also analyzes the reasons of it. All data used in this part are taken from Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, Ministry of Finance, employment offices and the Czech Statistical Office.
A fractional aim of this writing is to compare the unemplyoment rate develompent between the already named Central Bohemian region and the rest of the Czech Republic. This is performed through the fractional structures of unemployment. Another part of the thesis deals with unemplyement rate development in selected areas of the Central Bohemian Region since 2005 to 2014.
Many figures and tables are used in this thesis for better ilustration There is also shown the forecast of a possible future development of unemployment rate in every section
The conclusion of this bachelor thesis is dedicated to current soulution of unemployment in the Central Bohemian Region and it also suggests other possible solutions to this problem in the Central Bohemian Region and Czech Republic.
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