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Poverty, Population, and Energetical Progress in European Union
Novák, Ivan ; Rečka, Lukáš (advisor) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
Energy poverty is closely connected to the current energy transformation focused on the utilization of renewable sources of energy. The thesis aims to evaluate whether European Union countries are prepared to tackle energy poverty effectively in the context of the ongoing transformation, which could impose an additional burden on vulnerable consumers. The thesis presents hierarchical clustering to group countries by common characteristics and assesses the countries' National Energy and Climate Plans (NECP) within the clusters. The study concludes that National Energy and Climate Plans are poorly specified for most European Union Member States. Only fifteen countries address energy poverty effectively, and only nine countries have appropriate measures and tools to tackle energy poverty, evaluating 2019 NECPs and 2023 NECP drafts if available. Next, the thesis describes a nonlinear relationship between energy poverty and both the total share of renewables on final consumption and the energy efficiency index of households - linked to investments for deploying renewable energy sources. Finally, an exploratory Agent-based model is presented. JEL Classification Q430, Q480, Q470, N7 Keywords Energy poverty, National Energy and Climate Plan, Fuel Transitions, Green Premium, Energy Transformation, Energy...
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Agent-Based Modelling and Its Use in Sociology
Kudrnáčová, Michaela ; Soukup, Petr (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
Master thesis elaborates on agent-based modelling (ABM, computer simulation method) founded on the concept of analytical sociology and its use in empirical sociology. The use is demonstrated by creation of a model based on the principal of environmental sociology studying the influence of social factors on the environment. Thesis works with the empirical- theoretical concept New ecological paradigm (NEP) measuring the values and opinions on the environment. The origin of the paper was motivated by the absence of the projects combining the method of empirically calibrated agent-based modelling and sociological grounds, particularly in the Czech context, but also abroad. Based on the environmental module of Czech data ISSP 2010 and research question "How parameters of social network influence the willingness to sort waste?" model was created and analyzed. Relationship between both types of agents (sorting and not sorting waste during the whole simulation) and their neighbourhood was found. The higher the number of neighbours, the more agents with this particular type of behaviour. The likelihood of bond creation with long-distance agent at the expence of bond abolition with close neighbour was without any influence on the number of non/sorting agents. It seems the agents tend to replicate behaviour...
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Agent-Based Analysis of Market Potential for Electric Vehicles in the Czech Republic
Wojnarová, Renáta ; Kukačka, Jiří (advisor) ; Chorna, Olena (referee)
This study explores the economical, ecological, and social impact of poten- tial rise of the number of electric vehicles in the Czech Republic. For this purpose, the methodology of agent-based modelling and cost-benefit analysis is used. Particularly, a simple agent-based model in the NetLogo software is created and calibrated to the Czech environment. It enables us to examine the impact of possible policies aimed at increasing electric vehicles' market potential. Results of the cost-benefit analysis suggest that under the current Czech conditions, over their whole life cycle, electric vehicles produce less CO2 emissions in comparison to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles and thus, are more ecological. With the actual policy without any financial incentives, however, electric vehicles' total costs connected to their purchase, usage and maintenance for an average Czech consumer are still higher com- pared to conventional vehicles. If the government would intend to signific- antly increase electric vehicles' market share, both financial incentives and policies making their everyday usage easier are suggested to be implemented. Purchase discounts together with accessibility advantages are, according to this analysis, the most effective ways. Charging infrastructure development and electricity...
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The Basic Income concept in the perspective of Agent-Based modelling
Macháček, Vít ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Malovaná, Simona (referee)
The Basic Income concept in the perspective of Agent-Based modelling Abstract: The thesis study the relationship between the basic income introduction and the price level. The basic income would replace the existing social security. The resulting redistribution induce changes in the aggregate demand through the concave consumption function. The aggregate demand in turn affect the price creation mechanism. Because the price level is a result of activity of many different agents with private motivation and information, the work used a simple macroeconomic agent-based model to isolate the relationship. The simulation however did not succeed in isolating the possible link between the price level and the basic income introduction.
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Banking Regulation: Assessment and Simulation of Regulatory Measures
Klinger, Tomáš ; Teplý, Petr (advisor) ; Jakubík, Petr (referee)
This thesis focuses on international banking regulation, particularly the capital adequacy requirements known as the Basel Accords. In the first part, we study the rationale for regulating the banks and describe the evolution of the Basel Accords, including the newly presented measures known as Basel III. The main conclusion of this part is that the regulation is heavily shaped by the banks themselves and does not always serve the best for protecting the financial system. In the second part dedicated to systemic risk modelling, we first introduce the used methodology and then build an agent-based model which enables us to simulate the impacts of various types of negative shocks given various settings of the banking system and the regulatory environment, including the capital and liquidity measures. Our simulations show firstly that sufficient capital buffers are crucial for systemic stability, secondly that the discretionary measures have little effect once a crisis breaks out and thirdly that liquidity measures are a relevant regulatory tool.
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Modelling of decision-making networks
Šilar, Pavel ; Burian, Jan (advisor) ; Šalamon, Tomáš (referee)
Delegative democracy is a new concept of democratic governance. It is meant as a new system of trust among people. It is derived from principles of direct democracy and presents only minimal form of representation. The voter is not forced to cast his vote directly, but it can be transferred to a delegate. Delegative democracy is based on openness, awareness and trust. It is still only a concept and for real application it has to face rising critics. Main issues are high costs, threat of populism and corruption and overall complexity. Agent-based modelling is chosen to test the validity of delelagative democracy principles. It is suitable for studying social phenomena such as democratic governance. Agent-based models apply a "new kind" of artificial intelligence -- a dynamic system composed of individual and autonomous units -- agents -- which interact within the environment. Universal methodology called Agentology is used to propose a new agent-based model. This methodology is composed of subsequent steps. These steps cover initial analysis, conceptual and technological proposal and development of the model itself. Assessment of delegative democracy principles is achieved with data acquired from the agent-based model. Delegative democracy is less effective for small and cooperative system than direct democracy. If more voters are delegating, this effectiveness decreases even more. This conclusion is based on initial parameters of the model. Delegating voters count is indeed a relevant parameter whereas total voters count is not. The model has its basic predicative value and is open to further elaboration.
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Multiagent simulation - State interventions into rental housing market
Janovský, Lukáš ; Šalamon, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hradecká, Petra (referee)
The thesis focuses on the use of multiagent systems to model the rental housing market. At first the aim was to create the simulation, which would bring a new perspective on the development of the entire market. For this purpose I selected a relatively young methodology titled Agentology, which was subjected to the criticism of a model after finishing the model. That was a secondary principal objective of this thesis. The work is divided into two parts. In the first theoretical part the rental housing market is described and there are discussed the most important factors affecting its state. Simultaneously the chapter describes the most significant State interventions into the market, as we know them from the official housing policies. In the next stage the reader is made familiar with the basic principles of multi-agent modeling. In this chapter there is also an overview of selected methodologies of multiagent systems and one of them is selected and applied in further phases of this work. The second part refers to the multi-agent model. Using the Agentology methodology market model is assembled. The methodology accompanies all stages of model development from the task formulation, through conceptual and technological level to the final evaluation. This work strictly adheres to the methodology and all its recommendations. In the end, the result represents a model whose functionality has been verified by analyzing the output data. Finally the thesis deals with criticism of the Agentology methodology. This criticism is a result of experience gained from previous development. It concerns evaluation of concrete steps and also of methodology as a whole in terms of admittance, integrity and practicality.
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Modeling projects work
Sekerka, Radko ; Burian, Jan (advisor) ; Kvasnička, Michal (referee)
In this thesis we present model of the human work process on projects using multi-agent model. Within the project management plan is carried out comparisons with the fact not only in the context of subsequent checks, but also in the course of the project. One of the most item is cost of human resources. To increase efficiency and control over the actual cost to introducing a range of organizations link the accounting system to a system of reporting work. Such a system registry of the work is not only complex, but also demanding in terms of managing the time gap between the creation of estimates and their own work. In general, there may be several variants of complications such as delay work on the project because of inaccurate estimates of job performance and therefore insufficient funds in the accounts sections and stages of the project. The aim of this work is to find the characteristics of such projects for which this system work. In the first part we are addressed basic theoretical assumptions for modeling work in the field of project management and multi-agent modeling. Next part relates to the creation of multi-agent model, including detailed characteristics and verification. At the end of this research are described a several experiments with the model and analysis results.
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