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You cannot step twice into the same river, can you? Austria and its "Guest Workers" in the Periods of 1961-1974 and 2002-2011
Kavan, Ondřej ; Dimitrov, Michal (advisor) ; Konrád, Ota (referee)
In the beginning of 1960s, as a result of the "economic miracle," Austria had to face an increasing labour shortage that threatened the so appreciated economic growth. The problem was solved by means of a regulated labour migration programme based on the so- called rotation principle. The programme aimed to ensure foreign workers' role as a flexible labour force for times of economic boom while securing their return back to their homelands in times of economic downturn. After the programme was abruptly ended in 1974, a majority of "guest workers" instead of returning home settled down in Austria. This however undermined the core idea of the programme and it became dysfunctional. The "Gastarbeiter programme", which represented a policy of immigration without integration, thus became a highly controversial topic. In spite of that fact, a similar policy for seasonal workers was implemented in Austria between 2002 and 2011. The main goal of the thesis is to analyse both the periods, ascertain whether these represent comparable phenomena and explore the transfer of historical experience. Due to the diachronic relation of the two periods, significant attention is paid to the contexts within which both the policies have been implemented. For that reason, the thesis offers an in-depth discussion of...
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The depopulation of the Russian Far East and the federal migration policy
Andrle, Jakub ; Litera, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
This study deals with the current demographic situation of the Russian Far East and tries to assess the main patterns of migration in the region. The work is structured in five chapters. The first chapter aims at defining the Russian Far East geographically and concentrates on the most important features of its economy. The second chapter is devoted to region's rapid depopulation since the beginning of 1990s. This part analyses the dominant demographic trends within the district and tries to describe the prevalent patterns of migration on its territory. The third chapter presents a brief historical overview of the colonization and resettlement policies towards the Russian Far East. The main goal of this part is to evaluate the overall effectivity of both tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union in their efforts to populate their easternmost periphery and secure the border with China. The fourth chapter deals with the problem of Chinese migration to the Russian Far East. The emphasis is put on the myth of China's "demographic expansion" and also on the question of possible benefits of drawing in more Chinese workforce in the foreseeable future. The last chapter analyses the current state program designed to attract large numbers of ethnic Russians from abroad and settle them in regions considered as...
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A comparison of Ukrainian economic migrants in Poland and the Czech Republic after 2014: networks, migration policies and integration indicators
Bondariev, Oleksandr ; Klípa, Ondřej (advisor) ; White, Anne (referee) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
1 Abstract After the Euromaidan revolution, Ukraine has faced an annexation of Crimea and the War of Donbas, with the subsequent economic crisis hurting the living standards of the population. It has led many to travel abroad, as economic migrants, to find better conditions for work and residence. Many Ukrainians started working in Poland and the Czech Republic, becoming the largest group of foreigners there. This dissertation examines the differences between Ukrainians working in those two countries after 2014. Initially, this research discovers theories of migration and integration indicators, identifying key topics to focus on. Those topics are migrants' networks, migration policies of host countries and two integration indicators (real estate participation and human capital). The results suggest that migrants' networks successfully enhance social and economic integration of migrants, with a language factor playing a crucial role. Furthermore, it is important to note social integration largely depends on the willingness to integrate, and it is not always the case. This dissertation shows that Polish migration policies treat Ukrainian economic migrants more favourably than Czech migration policies, providing special treatment and easier access to the labour markets. However, a path to receive a...
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Migration Crisis and its Socio-economic Consequences
Kubát, David ; Tichá, Milena (advisor) ; Jirásková, Věra (referee)
This thesis deals with the evaluation of the socio-economic consequences of the current migration wave in Europe based on the comparison of individual macroeconomic indicators in the member states of the European Union, which were most affected by migration, whether as transit or destination country. The monitored indicators are for example GDP growth, unemployment rate, growth of public expenditures and others. The first part of the thesis defines the theoretical foundations of migration based on sociological theories and defines the key concepts for the topic, such as economic migration, migrant, integration. The second, practical part of the thesis, focuses on monitoring the specific socioeconomic consequences of the migration crisis for selected countries and evaluates its pros and cons. It follows from this assessment that migration to Europe is an economically sustainable phenomenon. The work focuses more on the possibilities and positives or negatives of the integration of migrants into the labor market, also due to the potential threat of an aging Europe in the future. Using several foreign studies and models, it demonstrates the need to change the integration of migrants to benefit the European countries' pension system. It also pays attention to the social and political consequences of...
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Ethical issues of social workers working with foreigners
BESTREJKOVÁ, Jana
This thesis is focused on social work with foreigners. Firstly were introduced the topic of migration, the history of migration in the Czech Republic and the basic concepts related to this topic, usefulness of integration and migration policy of the Czech Republic. Then was introduced the Biblical view and view of Catholical social teaching. Then were introduced social work with foreigners, theories and methods, also the values of social work and possible obstacles that await social workers ort he interdependence of the field with other experts. The aim of the thesis was with using literature and other available sources, to introduce concept of migration and introduce how social work works with foreigners, point out and than reflect on whether social workers encounter ethical problems or dilemmas and how they work with them. To achieve the aim of the thesis were used not only gained knowledge of the studied material but also results from qualitative research. Two research questions have been set for the purposes of the thesis, which complement the research objective. This thesis is intended for readers who want to gain basic knowledge about the global phenomenon of migration and than this thesis may be useful for social work students or graduated social workers who are working with this group.
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Local integration policies towards immigrants: an example of Prague and Barcelona
Holinková, Barbora ; Seidlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Leontiyeva, Yana (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is the comparison of approaches to integration of foreigners at the local level in Prague and Barcelona. The author also wants to find out if the policies applied in Barcelona are transferable to the Czech environment. The thesis is based on selected concepts focused on the integration of foreigners into the host society (classical typology of national integration models or integration models based on psychological aspects by Berry) and its components included on the definition of migration and integration policy (Baršová, Barša 2005; Penninx 2016; Bosswick, Heckman 2006 and others). Due to the nature of the work, a qualitative method of research was selected, consisting on the analysis of secondary sources (expert studies, annual reports, governmental and municipal policies, statistical sources). In addition, semi-structured interviews were held with representatives of local governments in Prague and Barcelona. Local integration policies are created in a specific context of the state. The work is also an outline of the migratory history of the Czech Republic and Spain, the institutional provision of migration and integration policies at individual administrative levels (national, regional, local) and their development. It has been found that the city of Barcelona has a strong...
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Implementation problems of migrant integration policy trough non-governmental non-profit organizations on the territory of Prague
Lazutkin, Jevgenij ; Dobiášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Jelínková, Marie (referee)
This work discusses the role of non-government non-profit organisations in implementation of the integration policy in relation to migrants within the territory of the Capital City of Prague. The integration policy means both the integration policy of the Czech Republic and also the actual integration policy of the Capital City of Prague expressed in the Prague integration concept. The purpose of this work is to find out what role non-government non-profit organisations play during the process of implementation of this policy, their standing among other parties involved in the integration policy, and it also primarily focuses on the phenomenon of the implementation deficit arising during implementation of policies. The theoretical section describes Czech migration and integration policies, the Prague integration policy and the theoretical starting points on which this work is based. The work is based on data acquired directly from interviews with selected representatives of non-profit organisations and also on secondary sources about formation and realisation of integration policies. The work is created in the form of a case study and initially investigates which suitable model can be used to describe the process of implementation of integration policies by means of non-government non-profit...
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Administrative Regulation of Migration Processes in Soviet and post-Soviet Moscow.
Andrle, Jakub ; Vykoukal, Jiří (advisor) ; Klípa, Ondřej (referee) ; Drbohlav, Dušan (referee)
This dissertation analyses the system of internal passports as a central administrative instrument of controlling migration processes in the Soviet Union and post-Soviet Russia. Specifically, the study focuses on the topic of using the passport system, and the restrictions incorporated in this system, on the territory of Moscow. The aim of the study is two-fold. Firstly, it strives to identify, from a position of historical institutionalism, the factors which allowed Moscow, many years after the dissolution of the USSR, to control migration processes within its borders using distinctively "Soviet" methods, in clear violation of federal laws. On a different level of analysis, the dissertation focusses on the regulatory methods themselves: it examines the genesis and early evolution of the internal passport system and the mechanism of so-called propiska (registration), in the era of Stalinist industrialization, before turning to the process of the system's erosion and partial dismantling during the late Soviet and early post-Soviet years. Finally, the study aims to analyse the methods chosen for controlling migration in Moscow during the rule of mayor Yuri Luzhkov (1992-2010), and the way his policies affected the migration situation in Russia's capital.
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