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Molecular bases for the effect of exercise on postmenopausal bone health
Mocová, Klára ; Škubica, Patrik (advisor) ; Pikner, Richard (referee)
Hormonal changes caused by menopause, most notably the decline in estradiol levels, lead to rapid bone loss, putting a significant percentage of postmenopausal women at serious risk of developing osteoporosis. Postmenopausal osteoporosis influences many aspects of women's health and their overall well-being. Regular physical activity is considered one of the essential means to slow the bone loss process and prevent bone fragility. Many molecules play a role in the reaction of bone to mechanical stress during exercise, both those produced directly by bone cells and those expressed by other tissues, such as myokines and cytokines. The molecular connections between the menopausal changes in bone and the skeletal reaction to exercise are not well-known, especially considering variables like different types of exercise or individual levels of osteoporosis risk. Learning more about these links could help us better understand how exactly exercise influences postmenopausal bones. Moreover, it would be beneficial for creating more effective guidelines for osteoporosis prevention through exercise and developing better prevention and treatment approaches for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Keywords: menopause, bone metabolism, physical activity, exercise, postmenopausal osteoporosis
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The influence of hormonal changes on the quality of life of women in menopause
Chejnovská, Zuzana ; Matulová, Jana (advisor) ; Vachková, Eva (referee)
Author: Zuzana Chejnovská Institution: Charles University - Faculty of medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Non-Medical Studies Title: The influence of hormonal changes on the quality of life of women in menopause Supervisor: Mgr. Jana Matulová Number of pages: 95 Year of defense: 2023 Keywords: climacterium, climacteric syndrome, quality of life, hormonal changes, hormone replacement therapy, menopause, phytoestrogens The bachelor thesis deals with the influence of hormonal changes on the quality of life of women in menopause. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first one is theoretical, which describes the individual physiological periods of woman's life, the climacteric, the symptomatology of the climacteric, the possibilities of mitigation its impacts, the quality of life in general and the quality of life of women in menopause. The empirical part of the thesis is based on quantitative research survey, which was performed trough a standardized questionnaire Menopause Rating Scale. The main aim of the research was to assess the overall quality of life of women in menopause.
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Awareness of the menstrual cycle in selected people aged 18 to 25 from the Kladno district
Nesnídalová, Eva ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Syřiště, Ivo (referee)
My bachelor thesis dealt with the issue of respondent's awareness of the menstrual cycle and topics related to it. I surveyed awareness using an online questionnaire that was completed by 100 respondents. I divided my practical part into sub-objectives. The first was to find out how many correct answers respondents got on questions related to the menstrual and ovulatory cycle. The second was to find out how many correct answers the respondents got on questions about contraceptive and contraceptive devices. The result was 33 %. The third was to find out how many correct answers were obtained by the respondents in questions related to menstrual hygiene products. The result was 79,5 %. The fourth sub-objective was to find out how many correct responses were obtained by men and women in questions related to menstrual and ovulatory cycle. The result was 60,35 % for females and 41,9 % for males. The main objective of the study was to find out how many correct answers were obtained by the respondents in questions related to menstrual cycle, ovulation cycle and related topics. The result was 55,33 %. The most disturbing question was question 11, where only 8 respondents knew the correct answer - female condom is called femidom. On the other hand, in question 14, respondents did very well - 87 of them gave...
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Risks of being on diet for middle - aged women
Plachá, Barbora ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (referee)
The bachelor work focuses on the risks of women's diets in middle age (45 - 60 years of age). The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part characterises generally the period of menopause which just emerges in the women's middle age. It refers to the basic principles of rational eating. It regards the issues of overweight and obesity and related reduction diets and their impact on health conditions of women. Based on the technical findings, the work makes recommendations how to adjust a diet in a suitable way. Practical part includes the questionnaire inquiry which is aimed at women's eating habits and their experience with reduction diets. The individual results are evaluated and discussed in the conclusion of the study. The results of the questionnaire survey indicate apparent lack of information of middle - aged women especially in terms of health risks related to reduction diets.
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The Evolution of Menopause and Duration of Reproductive Life-span in Humans and it's Comparison with Social Mammals.
Fuxová, Helena ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
This paper concludes basic information about reproductive life-span in humans, however the special emphasis is placed on a synthesis of available knowledge about the existence and evolution of menopause and postreproductive period. Based on published data, the paper focuses on the occurrence of these phenomena, not only in humans but also in other social mammals. Subsequently, this paper finds out that the termination of reproduction followed by postreproductive life-span is not only present in humans, but similar phenomena can be found also in other taxa. The special attention is given to the primates and the cetaceans, where the menopause phenomenon is being well studied. Moreover, to present a more complex and in-depth view into the topic, it is also crucial to mention a different point of view by the short insight into the existence of the menopause in other vertebrata and invertebrates. Moreover, there are compared phenomena of menopause and postreproductive period of humans and other representatives of the animal kingdom. Bachelor's thesis is the finding that menopause or end of reproduction followed by postreproductive life-span are phenomena more common than it is generally believed. The subsequent goal is a critical look at the main theories about the evolution of menopause in humans (" The...
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The role of nutrition in the prevention of osteoporosis: calcium, proteins and gut microbiota
Holánová, Karolína ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Vágnerová, Tereza (referee)
Introduction: Osteoporosis is defined as a systemic metabolic disease of skeleton. It is characterized by reduced amounts of bone mass and degradation of bone tissue microarchitecture with increased chances of fractures occurring. Women after menopause are affected by lack of estrogen and therefore have increased risk of osteoporosis. Goal: The goal of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the nutritional state of women after menopause with osteoporosis (With OP) and without osteoporosis (Without OP) focusing on calcium, proteins and nutrients which are affecting gut microbiota (prebiotics and probiotics). Methods: Nutritional state was evaluated based on three-day diet analysis and questionnaire about dietary preferences. Amounts of particular nutrients in respondents diets were obtained by using web page www.kaloricketabulky.cz. Bone material densities were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: Nutritional breakdown of diets did not show any statistically significant differences in most of the cases. The only exception was protein and fiber intake, where the group without OP reported higher intake. Both sets of respondents reported higher intake of calories, fats and proteins then recommended. On the other hand, low intake of carbs, fiber, calcium and probiotics was discovered...
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Self-medication with alcohol among menopausal and postmenopauzal women
Jandová, Tereza ; Kuda, Aleš (advisor) ; Richterová-Těmínová, Martina (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the self-medication theory among menopausal and postmenopausal women. It is divided into a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part presents self-medication theory and important studies exploring self-medication of mood and anxiety disorders, health effects of alcohol consumption on women, psychosocial aspects of menopause and higher prevalence of mood and anxiety disordes among menopausal and postmenopausal women. The practical part presents qualitative research with case studies exploring alcohol addiction in three perimenopausal women. Case studies are also focused on their psychological condition, drinking motives and perimenopausal symptoms. Questionnaire battery and semi-structured interview were used for data collection. The aim was to describe self-medication phenomenon among menopausal and postmenopausal women and start the debate for another research. The research claims that alcohol consumption among perimenopausal women was rising as the psychological condition was getting worse to cope their negative emotions. The research demonstrates diversity of possible self- medication among menopausal and postmenopausal women as every woman describes different psychological problems, menopause experience and alcohol using. Due to large number of...
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Sexual life of women in menopause
PRŮŠOVÁ, Eliška
The topic of this bachelor thesis is Sexuality of women in climacterium. The thesis consists of the theoretical part and the research part. At the beginning of the theoretical part, the readers are acquainted with the physiological periods of women, with the terminology related to the climacterium period, followed by a brief description of the climacterium endocrinology. An essential part of the theory are also the clinical symptoms of climacterium. Here are summarized the symptoms of vegetative syndrome, organic syndrome and metabolic syndrome. Diagnostic methods, which the theoretical part also deals with, play a significant role. Particular attention is paid to the climacterium treatment. This includes the possibility of hormone substitution therapy and an alternative method of therapy. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the issue of sexuality of women during climacterium. Again, the terminology of sexuality is defined first. The following is the chapter Sex and sexuality of women in the climacterium, in the subchapter there are explained the specific sexual dysfunctions that can occur during this period. Diagnostics of sexual problems and treating sexual dysfunctions have here also its essential place. Last but not least, in the theoretical part, the importance of the education of women by the midwife is emphasized, and the real conclusion deals with the communication which midwives should not forget and should be able to control it. For the research part, three main aims were set. The first aim of the bachelor thesis was to find out whether changes of women in the climacterium influenced their sexuality. The second aim focuses on women's knowledge of changes in the climacterium. The last aim was to research whether midwives inform women about changes of sexuality during the climacterium. A qualitative survey was selected for the research part and the data collection was carried out by means of detailed individual semi-structured interviews. Selected women were first given to complete the Kupperman Index to see if women had any difficulties, and so if those women were already in the climacterium. The basis for the interviews consisted of 22 pre-prepared questions. The study consisted of twelve respondents aged between 45 and 65 in the climacterium. The interviews with women took place in February and March 2018 in pre-agreed quiet places with the respect to the privacy of respondents. Data analysis was done using the text coloring method. From coding and classifying the received answers, three main categories and their subcategories were compiled, summarizing the opinions and personal experience of all respondents. It is clear from the research that women most often have the climacterium connected with flushing accompanied by sweating. In the context of the climacterium, women mainly think of body changes, mood swings, hormonal changes, end of menstruation and sexual problems. As a particular subjective change, women reported menstruation problems, complete end of menstruation, sweating, and the interviews clearly showed flushing as the most noticeable symptom. In terms of sexuality changes, the respondents emphasized the reduced libido, which also proved to be the most frequent change of interviewed women. The research revealed that women's awareness of sexuality changes is almost zero and respondents seek help online if needed. Equally poorly, women are also informed about the treatment of sexual problems. The research part pointed out that midwives at local gynecologists do not educate women about sexuality changes during the climacterium or neither about the climacterium itself, although the respondents would welcome such a form of education.
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Calcium intake in the diet of VFN medical staff
Figalová, Sandra ; Raška, Ivan (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
This thesis deals with calcium as one of the most important micronutrients in our body. The theoretical part describes the basic functions of calcium in the human body and its metabolism. Further it concerns significant resources of calcium and diseases associated with its excess or deficiency. The theoretical part also deals with calcium homeostasis and the factors affecting it and recommended daily calcium intake for different age groups. The practical part of this thesis includes quantitative research of calcium intake in the diet of medical staff at the General University Hospital in Prague reviewed through included graphs. It concerns mainly the calcium intake in the diet of nurses of the 3rd Internal Clinic of General University Hospital in Prague. The observed dietary calcium intake among nurses is sufficient for 50% of them. The second half of the respondents, however, evidence the lack of micronutrients in their diet. The results found were compared then to the recommended daily allowances of calcium. The practical part also evaluated the overall awareness of nurses about calcium intake and the incidence of calcium in the diet which is unsatisfactory for most of them. Finally, besides the detailed results, this thesis presents recommendations that could lead to improvement of the above conclusions...
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