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Gender schematization in self-description
Vranka, Marek ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee)
This thesis critically analyzes some measures of masculinity and femininity. Special attention is paid primarily to a BSRI (Bem Sex-Role Inventory), which is the most widespread but completely invalid instrument for measuring gender identity. At the same time, there is presented an alternative approach to the topic of gender identity based on an application of statistical discriminant analysis technique to generally shared stereotypical evaluations of typical men and women. In empirical part, proposed approach is successfully tested in practice by creating an index of masculinity / femininity. Results of analyzes of relations between the determined gender identity and various other components of gender belief system (cognitive gender schematization, an explicit M / F and gender attitudes) suggest the validity of this approach. Between feminity (regardless of sex) and a measure of traditional gender attitudes has been found small but significant negative correlation (rs = -0.3). Keywords: masculinity, feminity, discriminant analysis, critique of BSRI
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The fathers on parental leave in the Czech Republic
Čechová, Pavla ; Pavlík, Petr (advisor) ; Maříková, Hana (referee)
This diploma work is focused on the situation of fathers on parental leave in the Czech Republic. The aim of research is to find out how fathers feel on their parental leave, what is positive or negative for them and how they evaluate this experience. The theoretical part describes the legislative framework of parental leave and parental allowance and explains the concepts such as femininity, masculinity, maternity and paternity. Then I deal with gender stereotypes and situation on the labour market, and their influences on the decision for starting parental leave. Then I formulate arguments for more father's participation in taking care of children. The empirical part is focused on a qualitative research. The research was realized by interviews done with 10 fathers on parental leaves, and analyzed by coding. Then I made a connection between new data and theoretical resources which are described in the first part. At the end I indicate the posibility of doins some other research, for example with both parents.
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Little Red Riding Hood: who is he, the Wolf?
Táborská, Lucie ; Kučera, Miloš (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
Anglický abstrakt: Title of Essay: Little Red Riding Hood: Who is the Wolf? Author: Lucie Táborská Department: Department of Psychology Supervisor: Doc. Miloš Kučera, CSc. Supervisor's e-mail address: Milos.Kucera@seznam.cz Abstract: This baccalaureate thesis essay titled "Little Red Riding Hood - Who Is the Wolf?" discusses the worldwide - known fairytale about the Little Red Riding Hood. The essay consists of three parts. In the opening segment, the author elaborates on the historical background of the evolution of the fairytale. The first mentions are of the original oral versions known throughout the Europe, but also other parts of the world (Asia, Africa). For the western culture, however, the most important ones are the literally recorded tales by Charles Perrault and Brothers Grimm. The second part focuses on the importance and interpretation of the character of the Wolf in the story. The main antagonist can be viewed either as a masculine figure (seducing type, dark side of a father figure, aggressive masculinity) or a persona with more feminine traits (mother, grandmother, the Great Mother). Both approaches have a significant number of representatives, a brief overview of which is the author's main goal. The final section of the essay offers an insight into two most common interpretations of the...
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Male emancipation as the process of seeking identity
Petr, Josef ; Šanderová, Jadwiga (advisor) ; Uhl, Michal (referee)
In this work I would like to present the concept of male emancipation as the process of liberation of men from the pressure of culture stereotypes about men and masculinity. Male emancipation is also the inner process of seeking identity which is a synthesis of reflection of sex as a biological predisposition and gender as a culture construction. The concept of male emancipation is the answer to the recent crisis of male identity and is represented with different emphasis in different faces of men's movements. I created the basic typology of these movements and described their "emancipatory potential". As the opposition to feminists ideal types of new man or androgyne I described the realistic type of emancipated man who is not trying to achieve a synthesis of characteristics typically and traditionally considered as masculine or feminine but rather to achieve a compact, consistent and original personality. In the last part of my work I present results of my research "What do men say?" where I analyzed the statements of men who came to the men's groups of the Czech organisation the League of Open Men. As a result I described four basic motivational categories which motivate men to visit these groups and the description of some basic topics which men solve in these groups.
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Family in modern American drama
Hovorka, Jan ; Wallace, Clare (advisor) ; Ulmanová, Hana (referee)
This work analyses the American family in context of society and its demands. It focuses on the cannonical works of the Modern American drama, namely plays of Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller, Edward Albee, Sam Shepard and David Mamet. The playwrights are analysed in two distinctive groups according to similar themes they share. Tennessee Williams and Arthur Miller depict the family under increasing pressure from the outside as well from the inside. The unit disintegrates, members of the family escape and thus the unit loses its funtions. The pressure is imposed by the tenets of the American mythology that governs the society, which, in turn, influences the family. The common theme of the first group of playwrights is the feeling of loss. This comprises of two dimensions - spatial and tempoval. The second group of playwrights share the same theme of loss with its spatial and temporal implications. They are characteristic by their distinctive use of language that depicts the prevalent sense of doom, apocalypse, futility and sterility. The search for identity is also implied by the restlessness of characters. The detrimental effect of harsh business environment on the family is explored with regards to masculinity. The work shows the family in the context of the 1950s, an era when the family was elevated to...
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Masculine Identity in Chuck Palahniuk's Early Novels
Ondrášek, Jakub ; Ženíšek, Jakub (advisor) ; Chalupský, Petr (referee)
This MA thesis deals with the masculine identity of the three main male characters of Chuck Palahniuk's early novels Fight Club, Survivor and Choke. It consists of two parts. The first theoretical part briefly explores anthropological and sociological notions of masculinity, with the focus on the manhood in the contemporary USA. As such it serves as the theoretical basis for the second part of literary interpretation. There the masculine identity of the three main characters is discussed. As all the three characters experience the same development of masculine identity, the interpretation advances along this progress. Its stages are identity crisis, turning to the traditional male strategies, rejecting those strategies and searching the basis of one's identity in a personal relationship.
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The social role of woman in the 21st century from the perspective of men
PROKŮPKOVÁ, Jana
This thesis deals in it?s theoretical part with the changing of social role of women in the course of human existence and history of the feminist movement. It observes the differences between men and women from three perspectives: biological, psychological, sociological, and on their basis reveals their properties for which individuals choose the preference of life partner. Thesis also focuses on the labor market situation in terms of gender. In the practical part, based on interviews with 10 men and 10 women, I evaluate the views at how men see the role of women in society and also as well how women themselves see their role. At first I found out how the household in which the respondents grew up in work in the division of daily tasks, how they want their own households to work (or as they works) and then I compared the results. Then I focused on qualities and skills which are in interviews attributed to women and men, what´s the position of women in the labor market in their opinion or why the number of divorces is constantly increasing and why the age for starting a family is increasing as well. The work affects not only the view of men of women's social mission, but also the view of women themselves in the light of expectations that men (and society) have towards to women.
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Problems of Unemployment in the Czech Republic and Germany from Gender Point of View
TESAŘOVÁ, Štěpánka
The diploma thesis deals with problems of employment and unemployment policy from the special point of view: the use of equal opportunity of men and women (gender equality) in the Czech Republic, Germany and the European Union. The theoretical part describes employment, unemployment, promotion of women and men at employment market from the gender point of view, and discriminatory differences in the field of financial evaluation of men and women for the same amount and kind of work. The practical part gives the comparison of the employment policy from the gender perspective (rate of employment and unemployment of men and women) on the basis of statistical information of the member states of the European Union {--} the Czech Republic and Germany. The main goal of this work is to show and emphasize the fact, that some aspects of discrimination in the field of gender relationships at work and in private life still exist even in the present modern society. It depends on all of us mainly, in which way and direction these problems of gender equality will develop in the society in future.
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Cognitive predispositions affected by degree of brain masculinity and femininity
PIXA, David
This thesis is concerned with gender-related differences of cognitive predispositions. Findings could be utilized predominantly in human resource management, pedagogy and psychology. The research was proceeded as a case study of 45 undergraduate students. Individual degree of masculinity/femininity (gender) was indicated by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), while cognitive preferences were measured and described by Hermann Brain Dominance Instrument (HBDI). Another data were obtained by means of qualitative research methods, such as participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Besides, in general features were surveyed hand-lateral-preference, professional orientation and attention capability. All probands were divided into 6 categories according to gender and degree of MF. Synthesis of MMPI and HBDI results showed significant congruence between the gender-categories and a dominant preference of the HBDI{\crq}s cognitive styles: Masculine men {--} a dominant preference of A-mode (analytical thinking). Feminine men {--} a dominant preference of D-mode (imaginative thinking). Masculine women {--} a dominant preference of B-mode (sequential thinking). Feminine women {--} a dominant preference of C-mode (interpersonal thinking). This findings were in accordance with a professional orientation of the probands (regardless of the field of study they have choosen). Right-brain dominant students (mostly feminine men) were not well-adjusted to a classical passive teaching metods.
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Masculinity and femininity in history of psychology
Heller, Daniel
In historical psychological study the author deals with masculinity and femininity in history of psychology since ancient times, through middle ages and modern time till the present times. He analyses the gender of concepts like psyché, anima, eros, thanatos, life and death in the history of European philosophical and psychological thinking, including the differences among European languages. He presents the examples of pictures of men and women in teaching of psychologists, psychological schools, movements, and systems.
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