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The natural world by Husserl and Patočka
ANDERSOVÁ, Adéla
The aim of this work is to introduce a problem of natural world by Edmund Husserl and Jan Patočka. This work introduces phenomenological philosophy in short as a distinctive philosophical field with its specific method. In particular passages, the work deals with Edmund Husserl first as he is the founder of this philosophy and a discoverer of "natural world". Further, it introduces more elaborate structures of "natural world" by Patočka with his own notion.
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The Body of the Other: The Phenomenology of Intersubjectivity
Krejcar, Václav ; Zika, Richard (advisor) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
In my diploma thesis I deal with the topic of experience of another person from the phenomenological philosophical point of view. The two major motives of my diploma thesis are: the revelation of the shift in thinking of Edmund Husserl in the phenomenology of intersubjectivity and showing that Merleau-Ponty went way beyond Husserls thinking. In the first chapter I clarify what Husserls term 'empathy' meant in his Cartesian Meditations and how this conception follows the theory of Theodor Lipps. Then I explaine Husserls thinking of intersubjectivity from the book Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy - Second Book. In the third chapter I describe the phenomenology of intersubjectivity in the work of Merleau-Ponty. The fourth chapter is an interpretation and subsequent comparison of both authors. My main aim is to show that Merleau-Pontys comprehension of 'intercorporeity' surpasses Husserls conception of intersubjectivity. The final chapter displays the critical thinking of my opinion according to Zahavis interpretation of Merleau-Pontys philosophy, from Husserl and Transcendental Intersubjectivity. In this diploma thesis I bring the analysis of one source of thinking about the experience of another person to an end. I have accomplished the imaginary circle...
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Dynamics of Everyday Life in Dialogue with Emmanuel Lévinas
Jandová, Tereza ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Bierhanzl, Jan (referee) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
The main objective of this research is to look at the topic of everyday life from a dynamic perspective. The definition of everyday life that this thesis stands upon, i.e. the presence of a subject in the world with the other(s) outlines also two main sources of its dynamics: the world and the other. The essential aim of this thesis is to show that the different attitudes towards the world and the other in the works of Husserl and Lévinas consequently influence the understanding of the everyday life as such, as well as the requirements it imposes upon the subject. The chapter dedicated to Husserl presents his concept of the world as a horizon, the irreplaceable position of perception in our access to the world and the creation of the other within the subject itself. On the contrary, Lévinas stresses the separation of the subject and he understands the world and the other as inherently belonging to this never-ending process. The motive of dependence and responsibility of the subject for the other belongs to the most significant differences between the two philosophers. Whereas Husserl proposes us a subject in the world which he accesses via perception and in which he encounters the other, Lévinas shows us subject that is born to the pre-reflexive and intersubjective world from which he first has to...
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Justificatory Status of Perceptual Beliefs
Sedláková, Jana ; Kolman, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Glombíček, Petr (referee)
The main subject of this essay is the problem of the relationship between sensation and perceptual beliefs in terms of their justification. Wilfrid Sellars and his Empiricism & The Philosophie of Mind are central for this essay. Sellars criticizes the theory of fundamentalism and sense data theory by pointing to the Myth of the Given. The perceptual beliefs could not be basic and self-justifying. Such a hierarchical structure is implausible, because we need a lot of other concepts for understanding and forming the perceptual beliefs. The justification has to be placed in the space of reason, when we are able to be responsible for our beliefs, to give reason, to understand the objections and react to them. This debate is not examined only in terms of an isolated, static subject. On the contrary, this subject is embedded to a dynamic social structure. Sellars' position contains three main elements: normativity, intersubjektivity and holism. All these elements will be more closely examined and placed in a broader context. Finally, I will present a critical view on Sellars' position on the basis of three questions: 1, to what extent is plausible the prior character of "It is" talk to "It looks" talk 2, to what extent can we talk about the non - inferential beliefs 3, to what extent is Sellars'...
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Securitizing Culture: Normative Behavior and the US Central Intelligence Agency in the Global War on Terror
Svítek, Filip Jakub ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bureš, Oldřich (referee)
Bibliographic record SVÍTEK, Filip. Securitizing Culture: Normative Behavior and the US Central Intelligence Agency in the Global War on Terror. Prague, 2016. 82 p. Diploma work (Mgr.) Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studies. Department of Security Studies. Diploma work supervisor JUDr. PhDr. Tomáš Karásek, Ph.D. Abstract This monograph attempts to explore the system the intelligence community in the US from a constructivist perspective to understand domestic security policy as applied to international threats. The research questions examine how the US Central Intelligence Agency is able to functionally employ controversial tactics such as coercive interrogations and extrajudicial detention within a society that represents liberal normative democracy - one that in theory should prefer to uphold norms of human rights rather than infringe upon them. There appear to be two main concepts at play: security as an underlying culture (as a product) and security as a subjective act (as a process). Thus, this work will apply concepts of National Security Culture and securitization as product and process, respectively, using interrogations of suspected terrorists as a case example. The underlying results show that norms, rules, and culture of national security, utilized through...
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Religion as Challenge for Multicultural Education
Pirklová, Klára ; Pelcová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Semrádová, Ilona (referee) ; Stark, Stanislav (referee)
TITLE: Religion as Challenge for Multicultural Education AUTHOR: Klára Pirklová DEPARTMENT: Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy SUPERVISOR: doc. PhDr. Naděžda Pelcová, CSc. ABSTRACT: In our thesis, we deal with the topic of multicultural education. We do not opt for the social sciences perspective, though, but choose philosophical angle, instead. Methodologically, we base on the phenomenological-hermeneutical approach. It means that we do not base our questioning on predefined terms but only aim to search for them. Our questions yet focus on face-to-face relationship with the other-foreigner. We especially deal with intersubjectivity concepts of E. Husserl, B. Waldenfels, E. Lévinas, M. Buber and J. Patočka. We try to define basic conditions of mutually rewarding dialog which at the same time would not be flat but kept its depths. Although our approach is theoretical, we try to enroot our results back into practice all the way though by giving variety of practical examples. By "religion" we then mean the effort of really giving oneself into dialog instead of just theorizing about it. The courage to let oneself really disturbed by the other, even though there is a risk of losing something important. Right here - in the dialog as undergoing crisis - we see the challenge for education in multicultural...
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Boredom as a sociological problem
Hochmuthová, Terézia ; Maršálek, Jan (advisor) ; Balon, Jan (referee)
Contemporary society perceives boredom largely as a normal part of everyday life. Nevertheless, academic discourse has not come to an agreement on its interpretation. The researchers differ on two main points: first, whether boredom is universal or historically developed phenomenon, and second, whether it is an individual or the external conditions, who is more responsible for the emergence of boredom. This paper reflects on these conceptual difficulties and attempts to elude them by suggesting an alternative, sociologically relevant approach. A new sociological concept of the phenomenon is introduced, based on Martin Heidegger's conceptualization of boredom. Boredom is thereby understood as a specific way, in which individual relates to his/her social environment and its objects. In order to avoid epistemological dilemmas resulting from an imbalanced account, which puts too much emphasis either on subject or its environment, the concept situates boredom's origin and actuation onto the level where subject and its environment meet. The theoretical part of the text is followed by an empirical one, which uses the concept to interpret a specific segment of tourism: organized holidays. This particular model, constructed and offered by travel agencies as a complex product, is understood here as an...
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Conception of the Other in the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre and Emmanuel Levinas
Tlapa, Tomáš ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is a philosophical interpretation of the problem of intersubjectivity in the work of Jean-Paul Sartre (1905 - 1980) and Emmanuel Levinas (1906 - 1995). In the first part, it deals with the conception of the Other in the Jean-Paul Sartre's Being and Nothingness and analyzes (after a brief introduction to Sartre's philosophy) concrete aspects of Sartre's theory of intersubjectivity. This part ends with a critique of Sartre's theory, which enable us to interpret the Levinas's theory as an alternative conception of intersubjektivity. The analysis in the second part is based on the Levinas's book Totality and infinity. The final part sums up the main differences of both conceptions. Key words: intersubjectivity, the Other, existence, freedom, ethics, Sartre, Levinas
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Death and Intersubjectivity
Härtel, Filip Hanuš ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The topic of this thesis is a relation between two constitutive aspects of out existence: death and intersubjectivity. The way how to research these issues is an interpretation of main concepts and notions contained in these texts. On the basis of the comparison of these concepts, notions and whole philosophical stands offers this thesis a perspective of comprehension to the topic of death and intersubjectivity.
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Using of Video Home Training in Care with Family
ŠMÍDOVÁ, Miloslava
This bachelor thesis is focused for utilization Video Home Training in Care with Family. In fact I mean utilization of method videopractise during family activities. The theoretical part is divided for two subheads. In first subhead I describe Video Home Training through intervention ( VTI ) - its history of formation, theoretical basis and backrounds, own course of therapy through VTI and application areas. The second subhead is dedicated to family its principal functions, working of families and family environment. Purpose of this bachelor thesis is chart possibilities of Video Home Training method in area of social care with family. Sectional purpose is describing of own experiences with method VTI in scope and framework of own family. Following to these goals were appointed these investigative questions : - What are possibilities using method VTI in care with family? - What are experiences videocoaches with using VTI? - What is benefit of VTI from the perspective of them ? For implementation dates´collection was used qualitative research. It was realised by method interrogation by using technology semistructured dialog. Three videocoaches were chosen through criterion technology from research file. These three videocoaches ( deal with social work with family in Central Bohemia District). And my own family was chosen, too. Dates´collection was carried into effect in April and in August in 2014y. Research part consist of dialogues with videocoaches, particular answers I compiled into schematic diagrams and clear tabulars because of better clarity. I realized own experience through cycle of video of common situations in my family including analysis. I recapilutated acquired informations and answers for research problems in debate. Through executed research I found out possibility of using and utilization method VTI during social care with family in its home environment, at schools, in special pedagogical centers, during early care, during fostering, during critical help, in correctional facilities, in homes for elderly, in shelter homes and in other social and medical furnishing. Videocoaches have experiences with this that in Czech Republic is method VTI used predominantly only in institutions and establishments. Through VTI videocoaches help families with educational problems and pedagogical problems and social problems and (as well as critical), medical (physical as well as psychical) from newborn period to the elderly of man. Benefit of method according to videocoaches is in this that peacefully, very distinctly, fast and client himself will understand his experienced formulas of behaviour. He did not perceive these formulas formerly. I fond out through my own experience that method is really purposeful and effective. I confirm grade and benefit of method VTI. I tested fact beyond researchthat VTI is in Czech Republic known a little and used method. For underprivileged and disabled inhabitants is this method not only absolutely unknown but as well as financially unvailable. This visual and peaceful method would be benefit during their integration. Method that is oriented for client and it would be often prevention of social exclusion. Anticipated using of findings would be good utilize as in information source quite for area of social care with family and for general public.
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