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Afghanistan after the End of the Cold War: A Fragile State and the Rise of Taliban
Svobodová, Adéla ; Makariusová, Radana (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
Afghanistan has long been a hotbed of instability and insecurity, as evidenced by its history of tension and the continued presence of insurgent radical movements. In recent years, the country has experienced a series of upheavals, culminating in the Taliban's return to power in 2021. Its return has significant implications for the local population, regional dynamics and global security. The study first examines what qualifies Afghanistan as a weak state. Ineffective governance, limited access to basic services and an adverse security environment categorizes Afghanistan as a weak state. Factors contributing to this vulnerability include protracted conflict, corruption, problems with government capacity, social fragmentation, external intervention and the presence of extremist groups. The work deals with foreign intervention, including the invasion of the United States and the international coalition, and within regional countries, especially interventions from neighbouring Pakistan, given the role of the rise of the Taliban movement. The study also sheds light on the causes of extremism in Afghanistan, particularly the absence of a stable government and external influences. The consequences of the revival of the Taliban in Afghanistan have an impact on regional and global security, this fact is...
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The Influence of US Military Units on the Peruvian Communist Movements Sendero Luminoso and MRTA during the Fujimori Era
Božiková, Natália ; Raška, Francis (advisor) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
This bachelor thesis with the name "The Influence of US Military Units on the Peruvian Communist Movements Sendero Luminoso and MRTA during the Fujimori Era" analyze the period between 1990 and 2000, during the government of Alberto Fujimori. It approach the administration of Fujimori from military aspect, especially the influence of the U.S. military and intelligence units on the combat of the insurgents communist groups Sendero Luminoso and Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Amaru. The thesis aims to examine whether the U.S. military and intelligence supoort had an influence on combating these insurgent groups. The relations and cooperations method between Peruvian and the U.S. military are analyzed. Other aspect of the thesis is examination of the support of the democracy making process in Peru by the U.S. administration. The U.S. policymakers had two main priorities in the Southern hemisphere: counterdrug agenda and democracy promotion. The thesis examines which one of these foreign policy goals was more important for the U.S.
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2021 Taliban Takeover: Defeat of the Afghan National Security Forces through the lens of proxy warfare theory
Bělohlávek, Dalibor ; Michálek, Luděk (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
The war in Afghanistan conflict represents the longest engagement the United States has ever been involved in, and despite significant resource allocation and loss of life, the nation-building effort eventually failed. The most salient representation of the entire Afghan experience was the rapid collapse of the Afghan National Army. Despite the years of training by the Western forces and the resources poured into it, after the United States withdrew it rapidly collapsed and was defeated by Taliban forces. This thesis aims to examine the relationship between the United States and the Afghan National Army within the context of proxy warfare theory, drawing lessons that can be applied to future conflicts of a similar nature. Firstly, this study delineates the evolving nature of 21st-century warfare and underlines why it is essential for the U.S. to acknowledge these changes, acquiring valuable insights to better navigate future challenges. To this end, the research scrutinizes the Afghan conflict, which is not typically perceived as a classic case of proxy warfare. Using the perspectives of four different proxy warfare theorists, each with distinctive approaches, common characteristics of proxy warfare are distilled and applied to analyze the case of the Afghan National Army and its relationship with...
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Impact of Portugal on the European Union Training Mission in Mozambique
Snopko, Leonard ; Doboš, Bohumil (advisor) ; Kofroň, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with the European Union Military Training Mission (EUTM) in Mozambique, which has been operational since 2021. The EU built on the foundations of the Portuguese training mission, which started training a few months earlier. Portugal, in particular, is a long- standing partner of its former colony on the African continent, with which it has regularly updated its bilateral Defence Cooperation Framework Programme - 'Programa-Quadro' - since the Carnation Revolution. In response to the insurgency by the militant group Ansar al- Sunna wa Jama'a (ASWJ) in Mozambique's northern region, Cabo Delgado, in October 2017, Portugal explored adding a new sixth cooperation Project with Mozambique to their Framework Programme. It was to support the training and capacity-building of the Mozambique Defence Armed Forces (FADM) for counter-insurgency operations. The formalisation of this project took place in Lisbon in May 2021 with the signing of a new 'Programa-Quadro' by both the Portuguese and Mozambican Ministers of National Defence. Simultaneously, Portuguese officials took the opportunity of the Presidency of the Council of the EU in the first half of 2021 to discuss the implementation of the EUTM Mozambique. It was to build on the Portuguese training mission to strengthen the FADM capabilities...
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The impact of radical Islam on the North Caucasuss insurgency movements
Časnocha, Tomáš ; Kazharski, Aliaksei (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
This master thesis examines the impact that radical Islamic ideas had on the ideological and motivational narratives of North Caucasus insurgency groups. It aims to shed light on how radical religious notions interacted with nationalistic goals of originally separatist Chechen movement and Dagestani Wahabi movement. The thesis is focusing on examining legal documents such as constitutions and its changes, presidential decrees, or news outlets. It also examines in detail considerable number of interviews given publicly by leaders of insurgencies but also by foot soldiers. The analytical segment examines in detail the political and societal development within the movements at question focusing on the role of religious ideas within these domains. Subsequent chapter provides a discussion on these findings as well as comparison of Dagestani and Chechen cases. The final segment of the thesis then provides concluding thoughts and ideas for further research in the field.
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The Roles of Foreign Fighters in Insurgencies: A Typology
Klein, Gabriel ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Laryš, Martin (referee)
The master's thesis deals with the phenomenon of foreign fighters primarily represented by contemporary jihadists. The author explores the insufficiently researched issue of participation of jihadist foreign fighters in insurgencies regarding their roles and activities in conflict zones. First, the author reviews the available academic literature on the concept of foreign fighters focusing on key definitions. Subsequently, the academic literature on seven most significant jihadist foreign-fighter mobilisations, Afghanistan (1980-1992), Bosnia (1992-1995), Somalia (1993-present), Chechnya (1994-2009), Afghanistan (2001-present), Iraq (2003-present), and Syria (2011-present), is analysed to identify patterns of similarity and difference in the jihadist foreign fighters' roles and activities. The author then introduces five distinct types of jihadist foreign fighters: 1) military and ideological leaders, field commanders; 2) foot soldiers; 3) suicide attackers; 4) support personnel; and 5) jihadist brides/wives. Each type is characterised based on the empirical evidence from the seven abovementioned cases of jihadist foreign-fighter mobilisations. Keywords Foreign Fighters, Insurgency, Jihadism, Roles, Typology Title The Roles of Foreign Fighters in Insurgencies: A Typology
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French counterinsurgency: case study of Mali
Strnad, Jan ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ludvík, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis is dedicated to French intervention in Mali between the years 2013 and 2022. Insurgency in Mali led to the deployment of French forces in Operation Serval from 2013 to 2014. However, because of the unstable situation was French presence in Mali prolonged, and Operation Serval was succeeded by Operation Barkhane. In this case is tested claim of a group of authors that French counterinsurgency became similar to the US counterinsurgency after their cooperation in Afghanistan. In order to answer the research question Has French counterinsurgency become similar to the US counterinsurgency? by proving/disproving settled hypothesis are conducted qualitative analyses of Operations Serval and Barkhane. The theoretical framework is provided by the concept of Counterinsurgency's Impossible Trilemma by Lorenzo Zambernardi. The results of both analyses and thus the overall result is disproval of the hypothesis because the French nature of counterinsurgency has not changed, however, the writing of current French doctrine was inspired by the US counterinsurgency doctrine.
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Support for Insurgents as the Tool of the State Foregn Policy
Bahenský, Vojtěch ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Kofroň, Jan (referee)
The primary concern of this thesis is the question, what risks and costs are associated with using support for insurgent groups as an instrument of state foreign policy. It attempts to connect various contemporary concepts and approaches and presents the concept of risks and costs based on existing literature. It offers examples of possible application of such concept, which simultaneously reveal insufficient theoretical understanding of other aspects of support for insurgent movements. These are inappropriately formulated for their use in the study of impacts of the support for insurgents on the supporting state. In conclusion the thesis offers several areas for future research that would help to address these shortages of contemporary literature.
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Dagestan as a possible destabilising element in the internal politics of the Russian Federation
Motúzová, Diana ; Horák, Slavomír (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyses the situation in Dagestan as well as its destabilising potential influencing not only life in this republic and the North Caucasus region, but also the whole internal politics of the Russian Federation. An examined area includes political, social, economic and religious aspects of processes inside the Dagestani society. The aim of this thesis is to find out on the basis of analysis of the given spheres, whether Dagestan becomes an unavoidable destabilising element in the domestic political constellation of Russia. In the first chapter, the role of ethnic and religious identity as well as the social conservatism is analysed as a possible factor of conflict. In the second chapter, the thesis is focused on comparison between political situation in the era of consociationalism and the period since the introduction of centralistic reforms. The third chapter examines the Islamic radicalism in the society as well as the reasons for and the consequences of this phenomenon. Subsequently, the thesis discusses socioeconomic problems and the question of regulation of land relations in the society. The last chapter examines the influence of stances of the federal centre and the ethnically Russian population towards Dagestanis on the security situation in the republic and its...
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Jihadisation of Insurgencies: A Corollary of Civil Wars
Anand, Nayan ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
Large scale destruction and surfeit chaos that accompany civil wars have provided a platform to several insurgencies operating in the setting to compete in a struggle for increased power and territorial occupation against their depraved regimes and each other. It is during this power struggle that several insurgencies make a jump from a purely nationalistic agenda of the civil war to a larger religious goal by complying with jihadist organisations thriving in the region. Although the topic of civil war and religious radicalisation has been on the international agenda as well as the academic community for many years now, proselytizing and hijacking of national agenda of insurgencies by religious extremists is also of growing concern. Thus, this research will seek to find if jihadisation of insurgencies is a direct consequence of civil wars by using the Afghanistan and the Syrian Civil wars as case studies. The approach adopted here is to dwell into the factors behind the adoption of jihadist ideologies by insurgencies in war zones. These factors would then be applied to both the case studies. The paper will incorporate insights from previous qualitative studies conducted on geo-referenced terror, the role of religion, and ideologies in civil wars in the aforementioned countries to arrive at the...
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