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Systems of linear equations at the primary school - pupils' problems and teachers' views
Kliner, Jiří ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
The goal of the diploma thesis was to describe critical moments for solving systems of linear equations at the primary school. First, various methods of solving systems of two linear equations with two unknowns are summarized, the history of systems of linear equations is briefly outlined and the theme is described from the point of view of curricular documents. Based on the review of literature, the critical moments and types of mistake made by pupils are described. My own research used the mixed research strategy, where the main strategy was qualitative and the secondary strategy was quantitative. The research consisted of semi-structured interviews with four mathematics teachers, the preparation and realization of a questionnaire for primary school pupils and the creation, realization and analysis of a didactic test. The main results of the thesis consists of the description of the most frequent pupils' problems when solving systems of linear equations, the didactic analysis of textbooks and teachers' views of the topic and its teaching. Keywords: linear equations and their systems, pupils' problems, mistakes, semi-structured interviews, didactic test Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The impact of the cartographic method on students' map skills level
Havelková, Lenka ; Hanus, Martin (advisor) ; Bláha, Jan Daniel (referee)
The presented diploma thesis focuses on the map skills' problematic, which is currently becoming widespread in the Czech research environment. In contrast to the previous empirical studies, this thesis is devoted to the thematic map skills and their level of development among students of grammar schools and geographically oriented branches of university studies. Due to the significant differences between used cartographic methods of visualization on thematic maps the main aim of this diploma thesis is to identify and explain used cartographic method's influence on the level of these important skills. To achieve this aim, it was necessary to focus on different parts of the curriculum (intended, implemented, learned) and to use several scientific methods because this topic hasn't been well established yet and therefore only few theoretical and empirical studies dealt with this specific issue. Firstly, the review of literature focused on thematic cartography, map skills and on identifying their level of development among students was done. Due to the lack of specialized resources the model of thematic map skills was created. This specific model was further used during didactic test's designing and also for its results' interpretation. Similarly for the creation of appropriate didactic test -...
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Problematic Types of Tasks in the Listening Comprehension Part of the Didactic Test of the State Secondary School-leaving Examination in French Language
Fejková, Alžběta ; Suková Vychopňová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Klinka, Tomáš (referee)
The topic of this thesis are problematic types of test items in the listening sub test of the didactic test of common part of Maturita school - leaving exam in French language. Introductory chapter of the theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the description of Maturita school-leaving exam, its origin and contemporary model. The following chapters deal with characteristics of the didactic test, its parts and individual test items. These chapters also provide a description of the examined sample, concise characteristics of grammar schools (Gymnasiums) where the research was conducted, and introduces the analytical tools which were used when examining the listening subtest in French language. On the basis of students' answers the most difficult test items of the sub test were pinpointed. KEYWORDS: didactic test, listening sub test, French language, Maturita school-leaving exam, state high school leaving exam, test item
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Biological and Geological Excursions for second degree of primary school in the Třebíč areas
Popelářová, Monika ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (advisor) ; Skýbová, Jana (referee)
The aim of the presented master thesis is to prepare, realise and evaluate an efficiency of the alternative method of biology (natural history) teaching at second grade of primary school via excursion into natural areas of the Třebíč region. Four field trips dealing with botanical, zoological, geological and ecological focuses were realised. The theoretical part of the thesis is characterised the Třebíč region focusing on several different natural aspects with an emphasis on an interesting natural sites in this region that are suitable for teaching. Specific teaching methods that are useful for field trips are included in this part of the thesis. The practical part described four field trips including methodical instructions for teachers. Other didactic materials and worksheets are added in the appendices. The empirical part contains questionnaires and didactic tests that are used to monitor specific attitudes of 120 pupils from primary schools to teaching of natural, field trips and worksheets. The questionnaire results definitely proved the following: a) the biology (natural history) classes are among the favourite subjects of the 2nd grade primary school, b) most pupils considered the field trips as interesting and informative, c) worksheets are useful but do not enjoy it. Results of the...
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Interdisciplinary relation between cartography and mathematics in the teaching at high school
Leipertová, Gabriela ; Netrdová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Marada, Miroslav (referee)
LEIPERTOVÁ, G. (2012): Interdisciplinary relation between cartography and mathematics in the teaching at high school. Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Charles University in Prague. The present diploma thesis analyses interdisciplinary relations between cartography and mathematics on three levels: on the level of intended curriculum, on the level of implemented curriculum and on the level of attained curriculum. On the level of the intended curriculum, project documents such as the Framework Educational Programme for High Schools and the School Educational Programmes of selected high schools are especially studied. The content analysis of selected textbooks of geography evaluates relations between cartography and mathematics on the basis of occurrence and (quality of) explication of required subject matters, amount of examples, illustrations and charts. Moreover, selected chapters of cartography, in which mathematical skills are applied, are elaborated in detail. On the level of the implemented curriculum, the real state of teaching of these interdisciplinary relations at selected high schools is evaluated through questionnaires for teachers of geography and of mathematics. On the level of the attained curriculum, the ability of pupils to combine knowledge of cartography and...
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Problematic multiple-choice problems
Venderová, Markéta ; Jančařík, Antonín (advisor) ; Vondrová, Naďa (referee)
This thesis tries to answer the question what impact on the results in Mathematical Kangaroo competition has inclusion of specific curriculum into the School Education Program. The work focuses on multiple-choice type of tasks, where pupils fall short of success. Pupils can meet such tasks in mathematical competitions and research. The work is divided into theoretical and empirical part. The first part, makes readers familiar with current situation regarding mathematical competitions in Czech environment and defines terms related to the issue. It also characterizes selected competitions in which primary school pupils are involved, and focuses more on competition Mathematical Kangaroo. The empirical part describes methodology of qualitative research, aimed to verify the effect of inclusion specific curriculum in mathematics into the School Education Program on results of competition Mathematical Kangaroo. In this section two surveys are processed and analyzed, that took place during the school years 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 at complete primary school. The surveys were based on an analysis of tasks from competition Mathematical Kangaroo, analysis of textbooks, School Education Program and other school documents. Further there were conducted semi structured interviews with teachers and pupils, which...
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Konstructivism in geography education
Medková, Eva ; Marada, Miroslav (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
Medková, E. (2012): Constructivism in geography education. Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Charles University in Prague. The thesis deals with a constructivist model used in Geography classes. The theoretical part focuses on the characteristic of this model and compares it with the traditional transmissive model. It describes the methods used in the constructivist teaching. Part of the practical section was the pedagogical experiment that compared the efficiency of constructivist and transmissive teaching. Experiment was realized in the Primary school in two parallel 7th grade classes. There were two geographical topics tought - monsoons and the development of the Asian states. The development of the Asian states topic was tought transmissively in one class and in a constructivist manner in the second class. As a second step the other topic of monsoons was tought and the teaching method in the classes was interchanged. The efficiency of the teaching was determined by the help of the didactic test and then statistically evaluated.
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Secondary school pupils' mistakes when solving school leaving examination problems with a low success rate
Myšáková, Eva ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Pilous, Derek (referee)
The thesis focuses on problems from the mathematical didactic test, which represents an exam in mathematics in the common part of the school leaving examination. The aim of the work is to identify problems that were solved with low success, explain possible difficulties and propose recommendations, the implementation of which in teaching or training pupils could contribute to their better readiness for similar types of problems in the leaving exam. An analysis of the success in solving the problems of didactic tests is performed based on available anonymized data and the problems with the lowest success rates in solving the spring terms of the leaving exam in 2017-2020 are identified. Several problems are selected for research in this work. First, based on didactic analysis the possible reasons for low success in solving the selected problems are presented. Furthermore, research is carried out. A test is compiled from selected problems and it is presented for solution and optional commenting to respondents from high school. Their solutions are then evaluated and analyzed in detail and discussed with respect to previously formulated expectations. There were errors of a milder nature in the pupils' solutions, as well as errors indicating serious shortcomings in the understanding. Some of the errors...
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The level of knowledge and skills in chemistry among secondary school students
Cífková, Tereza
The primary goal of the this thesis is to create standardized tool to determine the level of competency in Chemistry (i.e. knowledge, abilities, and skills) among secondary school students, formulated in the form of "expected outcomes" in the Framework Education Programme for Secondary General Education (RVP G, 2007) and then use this tool to determine the success of students in secondary schools in teaching the tests expected outcomes of chemistry in the academic year 2014/2015. The creation of this research tool and determine the success of students after a few years of starting curricular reform allows for use in future years to monitor the development of education in chemistry by general educational programs. The study first conducted analyses of these expected outcomes from the perspective of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives (Amer, 2006; Anderson et al., 2001; Hudecová, 2004; Krathwohl, 2002; Krietzer et al., 1994). By examining the School Education Programmes of secondary schools participating in the study, a curriculum was identified that is overlooked or not clearly defined by RVP G (2007), whose inclusion in education falls within the competence of each school. Requirements were also compared for outputs of chemistry education for secondary school students in the Czech Republic...
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The impact of the cartographic method on students' map skills level
Havelková, Lenka
The presented diploma thesis focuses on the map skills' problematic, which is currently becoming widespread in the Czech research environment. In contrast to the previous empirical studies, this thesis is devoted to the thematic map skills and their level of development among students of grammar schools and geographically oriented branches of university studies. Due to the significant differences between used cartographic methods of visualization on thematic maps the main aim of this diploma thesis is to identify and explain used cartographic method's influence on the level of these important skills. To achieve this aim, it was necessary to focus on different parts of the curriculum (intended, implemented, learned) and to use several scientific methods because this topic hasn't been well established yet and therefore only few theoretical and empirical studies dealt with this specific issue. Firstly, the review of literature focused on thematic cartography, map skills and on identifying their level of development among students was done. Due to the lack of specialized resources the model of thematic map skills was created. This specific model was further used during didactic test's designing and also for its results' interpretation. Similarly for the creation of appropriate didactic test -...
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