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Towards Parameterized Contract Validator in ANaConDA Framework
Mužikovská, Monika ; Fiedor, Tomáš (referee) ; Smrčka, Aleš (advisor)
This work deals with problematics of contracts for parallelism. It is a technique allowing to specify requirements for atomicity in parallel programs and to create automatic tools for detection of atomicity violation. ANaConDA framework provides dynamic analyser called Contract-validator which can detect contract violations in parallel programs. However, due to analysis without context, it can produce a lot of warnings about contract violation that are not considered as errors. The aim of this work was to design and implement a method supporting contracts extended with parameters and their constraints which will lead to more accurate results of the analysis. Experiments using newly created analyser on a set of benchmarks with known atomicity violations showed that analysis with parameters can reduce the results by dozens of reports that unnecessarily burdened developers and made it harder to reveal real errors.
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Practical Methods of Automated Verification of Concurrent Programs
Fiedor, Jan ; Arcaini, Paolo (referee) ; Farchi, Eitan (referee) ; Vojnar, Tomáš (advisor)
V dnešní době jsou vícevláknové programy běžné a s nimi i chyby v souběžnosti. Během posledních let bylo vytvořeno mnoho technik pro detekci takovýchto chyb, a i přesto mají vývojáři softwaru problém nalézt správné nástroje pro analýzu svých programů. Důvod je jednoduchý, fungující neznamená vždy praktický. Hodně nástrojů implementujících detekční techniky je obtížně použitelných, přizpůsobených pro konkrétní typy programů nebo synchronizace, nebo špatně škálují, aby zvládly analyzovat rozsáhlý software. Pro některé typy chyb v souběžnosti dokonce ani neexistují nástroje pro jejich detekci, i přesto že vývojáři softwaru na tyto chyby často narážejí ve svých programech. Hlavním cílem této práce je navrhnout nové techniky pro detekci chyb ve vícevláknových programech. Tyto techniky by měly být schopny analyzovat rozsáhlé programy, umožnit detekci méně studovaných typů chyb v souběžnosti, a podporovat širokou škálu programů s ohledem na to, jaké programové konstrukce používají.
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Rules of conflict of laws applicable to contractual obligations in the USA
Němečková, Pavla ; Bříza, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadilová, Marta (referee)
Conflict of laws in contracts in the USA Abstract This thesis is focused on Conflict of Laws in the area of contractual relationship in the United States of America. Selected issues are being compared with law of the European Union. The First Chapter elaborates on the specific issues in Conflict of Laws, which are typical for the USA. These are mainly caused by the fact that within the USA, two separate legal systems operate on different levels - state and federal law. These specific issues also include the so- called idea of law-market or forum-shopping. Then I briefly summarize the history of American Conflict of Laws and describe the approaches that bear importance for the development of Conflict of Laws. The Second Chapter is focused on party autonomy in choice of law, its permissibility and limitations. Having used recent case law, I outline the approach to autonomous choice of law in certain types of contracts. The end of Chapter Two is about autonomous choice of law under the Uniform Commercial Code, which harmonizes the area of commercial law and which has been accepted in all American states. The Third Chapter deals with the absence of choice of law and finding the applicable law. I described the most widely used method under the Second Restatement, then the method under First Restatement and also...
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Governing law in the absence of choice in contractual relations in the Czech Republic and in the United States (private international law in a comparative perspective)
Chvosta, Ondřej ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Růžička, Květoslav (referee)
Governing Law in the Absence of Choice in Contractual Relations in the Czech Republic and in the United States (Private international law in a comparative perspective) English Summary: The subject of the thesis is the main differences in Private International Law (or Conflict of Laws in the Unites States) in the area of contractual relations in the absence of a choice of law. The introduction explains the methodology of the work, as it does not strive to provide an exhaustive list of contract types - since this would be ill-advised considering the differences in Czech and American contract law - but rather provide the reader with a general characterization of the different approaches to the subject matter. The introduction also explains the legal certainty principle (typical for Civil Law countries) and the principle of equity (typical for Common Law countries), and describes how the consideration of these will enhance the reader's understanding of the thesis' topics. The first chapter is concerned with the relevant sources of law in the Czech Republic and in the United States. The most important legislation applicable in the Czech Republic is the Czech Private International Law Act, the Rome Convention and the Rome I Regulation. In relation to US law, the text discusses some of the most important clauses...
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Practical Methods of Automated Verification of Concurrent Programs
Fiedor, Jan ; Arcaini, Paolo (referee) ; Farchi, Eitan (referee) ; Vojnar, Tomáš (advisor)
V dnešní době jsou vícevláknové programy běžné a s nimi i chyby v souběžnosti. Během posledních let bylo vytvořeno mnoho technik pro detekci takovýchto chyb, a i přesto mají vývojáři softwaru problém nalézt správné nástroje pro analýzu svých programů. Důvod je jednoduchý, fungující neznamená vždy praktický. Hodně nástrojů implementujících detekční techniky je obtížně použitelných, přizpůsobených pro konkrétní typy programů nebo synchronizace, nebo špatně škálují, aby zvládly analyzovat rozsáhlý software. Pro některé typy chyb v souběžnosti dokonce ani neexistují nástroje pro jejich detekci, i přesto že vývojáři softwaru na tyto chyby často narážejí ve svých programech. Hlavním cílem této práce je navrhnout nové techniky pro detekci chyb ve vícevláknových programech. Tyto techniky by měly být schopny analyzovat rozsáhlé programy, umožnit detekci méně studovaných typů chyb v souběžnosti, a podporovat širokou škálu programů s ohledem na to, jaké programové konstrukce používají.
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Project DEAL: plans, challenges, results
Grötschel, Martin
DEAL is an initiative of the Alliance of Science Organizations in Germany with the goal to conclude nationwide licensing agreements for the entire portfolio of electronic journals from major academic publishers. The intention is to bring about significant change to the status quo in relation to negotiations, content and pricing in the process and to achieve wide-scale, lasting improvements in open access to scholarly literature. The first agreement with a major publisher was signed on January 15, 2019 – after a long series of negotiations. I am a member of the DEAL negotiation team and will report on the whole range of plans and challenges as well as my expectations for future development.
Slides: idr-1448_1 -  PDF
Video: idr-1448_2 -  MP4
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Pacta Sunt Servanda in Recent Civil Law
Novotná, Dominika ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
1 Pacta Sunt Servanda in Recent Civil Law Abstract The thesis deals with the brocard of pacta sunt servanda and its application in the current Czech civil law. After a brief explanation of the historical circumstances and a concise description of the historical development of private law in Czechia, the first chapter outlines the establishment and the practical confirmation of the pacta sunt servanda principle in the judicial rulings of the Czech Constitutional Court after year 1990. The second chapter analyzes the natural law doctrines that have informed the authors of the Civil Code in drafting the law, including the principle of pacta sunt servanda. The third chapter of the thesis reviews the practical expression of the principle that agreements must be kept, and promises are binding in the applicable provisions of the Civil Code. The freedom of contract is one of the essential tenets of the private law, which gives parties freedom to decide whether to enter into a contract, with whom and the freedom to decide (acting in mutual respect of the equal autonomy of the persons involved) about the contents of the contract. But the freedom is also accompanied by responsibility. One of the possible consequences of the pacta sunt servanda principle is a party's duty to negotiate with care and not to lead a...
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Contracts used in a Small and Medium-sized Enterprise
ŽÁKOVÁ, Pavlína
The thesis is directed to the analysis of contracts used in a small and medium-sized enterprise, also characterizes this small and medium-sized enterprise, and describes various types of contracts, which enterprises use in concluding contractual obligations. It focuses for example on a contract of purchase, a contract of the work, a leasehold contract, a leasing contract or on a competitive tendering for a public procurement and defines rights and obligations for these individual contracts. It confirms or refutes determined hypotheses and describes meaning and structure of the most used contracts in enterprises. As well as it seeks, which of contracts is the most used in a small and medium-sized enterprise and to describes it. As an instrument for getting information, the work uses a questionnaire and an interview. The work proves that the contracts are an integral part of business world.
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