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Metaphor as a Tool for Communication and Creative Thought
Policar, Antonín ; Kulka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Stejskal, Jakub (referee)
This work is concerned with the role of metaphor in language, discourse and thought. The first section presents a brief historical survey of the origins and development of theorizing about the metaphor as a legitimate cognitive tool and not just a rhetorically or poetically effective but otherwise uninformative sort of expression. The aim of the second section is to outline several different accounts of metaphor given by contemporary researchers in the fields of the philosophy of language, congnitive psychology and linguistics as well as to hint at some possible ways they could be interconnected. Especially those theories are concerned which in some way diverge from the traditional view on metaphor as a fringe phenomenon of language and discourse and which on the contrary stress its central role in the meaning- making activity of the human mind. Although the work does not focus primarly on the metaphor in art, its relevance for aesthetics lies nevertheless in its highlighting certain aesthetic or poetic aspects of human reasoning and everyday communication. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Translation and analysis of Jonathan Franzen's Freedom
Halfarová, Anna ; Ženíšek, Jakub (advisor) ; Pípalová, Renata (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the problems which may occur, while translating from English into Czech, using as a foundational material a novel Freedom by American author Jonathan Franzen. The thesis is divided into two sections. For the purpose of the first, practical part, I have chosen two different extracts of the novel, one is taken from the middle of the book, the second one is the last part of the novel Freedom. The second section consists of my analysis, special attention is paid to the problems I had to solve during my translation. I comment on the choices I have made, usually also quoting from the books that deal with translation theories, I found especially helpful those written by Jiří Levý, Dagmar Knittlová and Zlata Kufnerová.
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Characterization of CART peptide analogs in vitro and in vivo
Nagelová, Veronika ; Maletínská, Lenka (advisor) ; Vybíral, Stanislav (referee)
Peptide CART (cocaine- and amphetamine- regulated transcript) is a neuropeptide acting in the hypothalamus to reduce food intake (anorexigenic peptide). Despite all efforts the receptor and the mechanism of action is still unknown. This peptide has two biologically active forms, CART(55-102) and CART(61-102). Peptide CART is able to bind to pheochromocytoma cells PC12. PC12 cells differentiated in neuronal phenotype with NGF (nerve growth factor) showed a higher number of binding sites (11250 ± 2520 binding sites/cell) compared to undifferentiated cells (3600 ± 570 binding sites/cell). PC12 cells differentiated by dexamethasone to chromaffin cells showed high non-specific binding. Peptide CART contains three disulfide bridges. To clarify the importance of each disulfide bridge to maintain biological activity, analogues with one (analogue 3, 4 and 5) or two (2, 6, 7 and 8) disulfide bridges and a peptide analogue of CART (61-102), which has methionin at position 67 replaced with norleucine were synthesized. We showed that biological activity was unchanged at analogue 1 and analogue 7 containing disulfide bridges in positions 74-94 and 88-101. When investigating cell signaling in PC12 cells, we tested if peptide CART activate of c-Fos, c-Jun, phosphorylated ERK1/2, CREB, JNK and p38. CART peptide...
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Visual experince as example and pattern in relation to the expansion and influence into human life
Nohejl, Jiří ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor) ; Vojtěchovský, Miroslav (referee)
The main theme of this dissertation is to define an image as a visual experience. The human interaction is described by the author himself as a perception of the image, which serves as an information unit that could be presented as a possibility, example and pattern for the individual. There is an emphasis on the process of perception itself and on the way of interaction of an individual emphasizing the context of social learning and imitation in this text. The analysis of the principles of this interaction leading into introduction of the partial interactive models covering these processes is formed by the essential plane. The structure of the thesis is divided into ten main chapters in which the author tries to introduce a category of perception, a definition of the image and imitation as a tool of cultural transmission, presentation of the units of this transmission, the process of the interaction itself and analogous example of the fundamental role that a person in this interaction holds. There are also three analogies of these roles, which refer to the anthropological universal interaction describing the man as a gatherer and hunter. Their main purpose is to illustrate the form of a human experience better. Finally, there are reflections on the topic above. The possibilities and results, which...
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Metaphors and Analogies in Economics and Economic Education
Langer, Tomáš ; Krpálek, Pavel (advisor) ; Šlosár, Rudolf (referee) ; Pavera, Libor (referee)
Presented thesis explores the ground at the intersection of three topics: education, relational thinking and economics. Within the sphere of economic education it investigates the use of concepts known from (i) conceptual metaphor theory, (ii) psychological model of analogical reasoning, (iii) model of generative learning from educational psychology and (iv) existing research on use of metaphors and analogies in natural sciences education. Thesis shows the potential of metaphorical origin of economic terminology for teaching economic concepts and educational use of economic media content. At the same time it proposes a notation for visualizing metaphorical mappings between domains. It addresses economic interpretation from the viewpoint of the relationship between theoretical economic models and actual economic situations, as well as from the viewpoint of the relationship between mathematical structure of the model and its economic meaning. In the first case, it shows interpretative skill, being framed within the revised Bloom taxonomy, as a complex cognitive task, in the second case it develops model of economic interpretation of mathematical structures on the basis of psychological model of analogical reasoning. In both cases it formulates highlights students should know about the analogical nature of economic models. On the basis of the model of generative learning it develops a set of visual methaphors applicable in the introductory topics of microeconomics and macroeconomics and examines effects of their use in the classes of economics. By undertaking such research it initiates the exploration of paths leading in the directions suggested by the theoretical analysis.
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Improvement of control and analysis techniques of a SPM model
Štefko, Marcel ; Nováček, Zdeněk (referee) ; Šulc, Dalibor (advisor)
Bakalářská práce se zabývá zdokonalováním výukového modelu mikroskopu atomárních sil (AFM). Součástí práce je rešerše stávajících analogii mezi makroskopickými jevy a fenomény spojenými s mikroskopii rastrovací sondou. Dále byla vybrána vhodná analogie, která byla následně implementována do již existujícího modelu mikroskopu atomárních sil. Do modelu byl integrován i jednodeskový počítač, který zajistí ovládání i bez nutnosti připojení externího počítače. Na závěr byly vyhodnoceny vlastnosti použité sondy a analogie mezi modelem a skutečnými mikroskopy atomárních sil.
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Innominate Contracts in Business Relations
Horčicová, Iva ; Kotoučová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Švarc, Zbyněk (referee)
Diploma thesis Innominate Contracts in Business Relations deals with a legal basis of innominate contracts in the Czech private law. It focuses mainly on so the called Modern innominate contracts. The purpose of the thesis was to answer whether leasing, factoring and franchising contracts should be codified. Consequently, it aimed to prove or disprove that the Czech legal regulation does not reflect the recent developments in business environment. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first chapter an analysis is carried out on the legal regulation of innominate contracts in the Czech business law, civil law, labour law and international private law. The legality of innominate contracts and the applicability of an analogy is discussed in this part. Based on the Czech legal regulations and court decisions it was concluded that innominate contracts were valid and that courts may use analogy when deciding on civil or commercial contracts. The second chapter deals with the contents of leasing, factoring and franchising contracts. It concludes that there are reasons against the codification of the above mentioned contracts. The content of an operating leasing agreement very much resembles a rental contract which might be used for this kind of leasing contract.A leasing purchase contract does not present any new answers to issues which had already been dealt with by court decisions. The substance of a factoring contract -- assignment of a receivable is already regulated by the Civil Code. A franchising agreement involves parts of many types of codified contracts and interlocks with multiple legal areas. Moreover, all the above mentioned contracts are challenged by a fast pace of development therefore a codification could hamper the progress or it could become obsolete. Based on the above mentioned facts the thesis concludes that leasing, factoring and franchising contracts should not be codified in the Czech private law as separate contract types and therefore disproves the primary proposition of this thesis and subsequently infers that the Czech legal regulations do not reflect a recent business development.
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Estimation methods while type application software implementation
Axmann, Ondřej ; Chlapek, Dušan (advisor) ; Marák, Peter (referee)
This essay deals with estimation methods while implementation of Type application software. After the introductory part, which stipulates objectives of the work and descriptions of how to achieve them, is a general description of basic features of the project. After this part, there are characterized basic attributes of estimates, various approaches to their formation and problems that can accompany estimation activity. This work also describes diversification of information systems according to their way of development on Individual application software and Type application software. Then it defines their mutual differences while implementation. Next chapter resolve the first objective associated with exploration of implementation methodologies used by companies operating on the Czech market in the area of IS / ICT. Part of this chapter is dedicated to the AcceleratedSAP methodology which describes the life cycle of projects. The following chapter deals with the performance of the second objective, which is a comprehensive overview of estimation methods. Some items from this list are later selected for more detailed evaluation, in account of some of them are marked under the third objective as suitable for projects dealing with implementation of Type application software. In the last section of this essay is solved the main given objective, which is to implement some of chosen estimation methods into AcceleratedSAP methodology. Later in this chapter is recorded a reflection on possibilities of using model based estimation methods in area of Type application SW. It is followed with a proposal for possible course of development of such a model. The work ends with a practical example of effort estimation through UCP method adapted for the Type application software environment. This is followed by conclusions evaluating the achievements of set objectives.
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John Duns Scotus' critique of the analogy of the concept of being
STRAKA, Jan
The work is primary focused on John Duns Scotus' argumentation for the univocity of the concept of being, as is presented in his Lectura and Ordinatio. The first part briefly presents the realistic theory of the concept, wich serves as a framework of all examined discusion. Then, in the second part, we very briefly eximine Aristotelian theory of analogy and the aporia generis. The end of this part presents Henry of Gent?s theory of analogy, and its noetical postulates. The third part, the main one, deals with Scotus? arguing against the analogy of the concept of being, and presents the main points of his theory of the univocity of being: the definiton of the univocal concept, the concept of being that is univocialy applicable to both an infinite and a finite being; and his formal and modal disctinction. Last part again simply points out to the main Scotus? thoughts and also to some problems of his theory.
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